Ngā Keritanga Whaipara Tangata Taupatupatu: Ngā Keritanga e Whakaatu Ana i te Hītori, e Waihanga Ana hoki i te Taupatupatu
Kua aro tonu te marea ki ngā kerihanga whenua tawhito. Mā roto i ēnei kerihanga, ka kitea e ngā tohunga kerihanga whenua ngā taonga tuku iho me ngā hanganga e whakaatu ana i ngā māramatanga ki te oranga o te tangata o mua. Heoi anō, he maha ngā wā ka tautohetohetia ngā kerihanga whenua. Nā ngā āhuatanga maha tēnei, mai i ngā pānga pāpori me te tōrangapū ki ngā tikanga matatika ngaio. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi kerihanga whenua tawhito tautohetohe, ngā take mō ā rātou tautohetohe, me ngā pānga whānui o ēnei mahi.
Ngā kerihanga o te Tāone Tapu o Hiruharama
Ko tētahi o ngā kerihanga whenua tino tautohetia ko te Tāone Tawhito o Hiruharama. He wāhi whakapono nui tēnei mō ngā whakapono nui e toru o te ao: te Hūrai, te Karaitianatanga, me te Ihirama. I te tīmatanga o te keri a ngā kaipūtaiao whenua ki Hiruharama, i tumanako rātou ki te kimi i ngā taonga tuku iho hei whakamārama ake i te hītori o te tāone.
Heoi, kāore i kore he tautohetohe mō ngā kerihanga. He maha ngā rōpū whakapono me ngā rōpū tōrangapū i Hiruharama i whakahē i ngā kerihanga, me te kī ka taea e rātou te whakakino i ngā wāhi tapu. I nui ake te uaua o te tautohetohe nā te āhua tōrangapū kua taupatupatu kē i te rohe. I whakahēngia ētahi kerihanga hei ngana ki te whakapakari i ngā kereme tōrangapū mō te Tāone Tawhito.
E whakaatu ana ngā urupare a ngā rōpū rerekē i te uaua o te āhuatanga i Hiruharama. Ahakoa kua huraina e ngā kerihanga ētahi taonga tuku iho nui, pērā i ngā wāhanga o te taiepa tawhito me ngā ururua o te temepara, kāore e taea te wareware i ō rātou pānga pāpori me te tōrangapū.
Te wāhi o Gobekli Tepe i Türkiye
Ko Gobekli Tepe tētahi o ngā wāhi keri whenua kua tino whakakorikori i tō tātou māramatanga ki te hītori o mua. I kitea i Turkey, e whakaponohia ana kei te 12.000 tau te pakeke o te wāhi nei, he tawhito ake i ētahi atu wāhi nui pērā i a Stonehenge, i ngā piramita rānei o Ihipa. Ko ngā hanganga kōhatu nunui me ngā whakairo i kitea i Gobekli Tepe e tohu ana kua mau kē te hapori i taua wā i ngā hangarau matatau me te whakahaere pāpori.
Heoi anō, kāore i kore he tautohetohe mō te keri o Gobekli Tepe. Ko tētahi take matua e pā ana ki ngā tikanga keri me te tiaki i te wāhi. Kua whakahē ētahi tohunga whaipara tangata me ngā kaituhi hītori i ngā keri, me te mataku kei kino pea ngā taonga tuku iho i ngā tikanga iti ake te tupato. Kei te tautohetohehia anō hoki mō te mana pupuri me te tiaki i te wāhi, tae atu ki te tūranga o te kāwanatanga o Turkey me ngā rōpū o te ao i roto i ngā mahi tiaki.
Ka ara ake anō hoki ngā wero matatika i konei. Mā te keri me te whakaatu i ngā hanganga kōhatu kua tanumia mō ngā mano tau ka kino pea te āhua o te papa, engari mā te waiho i te papa kia kaua e kerihia ka kore hoki e whai wāhi ki te whiwhi mātauranga hōhonu mō te hītori o te tangata.
Te Kāinga o Hasanlu i Īrāna
Ko Hasanlu, he wāhi keri whenua i Īrāna kua keria mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, tētahi atu tauira o ngā kerihanga tautohetohe. He rongonui a Hasanlu mō te kitenga i tētahi whare i whakaponohia ko te pokapū o te mana whakahaere, me ngā kitenga nui o ngā taonga tuku iho koura, hiriwa, me te parahi.
Heoi, kua whakahēngia te kaupapa mō te whakakino i te ahurea o te rohe me te kore whai wāhi a te hapori. E amuamu ana ngā tāngata whenua kāore rātou i whai wāhi ki te tukanga keri, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā mea i kitea mai i te papa i haria ki tāwāhi, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā painga ōhanga pea mō te hapori.
I tua atu, kua whakahēngia hoki te tūranga o ngā umanga o te ao i roto i tēnei kaupapa. He tokomaha e titiro ana ki te whai wāhi mai o ngā umanga o tāwāhi he momo koroni hou o te mahi keri whenua, e whakamahia ana ngā taonga ahurea o te rohe, me te kore e whakarato i ngā painga e tika ana ki ngā whenua taketake.
Te wāhi o Mohenjo-daro i Pakitāne
Ko te wāhi o Mohenjo-daro, he wāhanga o te Ao Indus Valley, he tauira pai rawa atu o ngā kerihanga tautohetohe. I kitea i te tekau tau atu i 1920, e kiia ana ko tētahi o ngā tāone tawhito rawa atu, tino whakarite hoki o te ao onamata. Ko ngā hanganga matatini o te tāone, te pūnaha waikeri matatau, me ngā taonga tuku iho i kitea i konei e whakarato ana i ngā tirohanga whakamiharo ki te oranga o te iwi o taua wā.
Ko te tautohe matua e pā ana ki a Mohenjo-daro e pā ana ki te tiakitanga o te wāhi. He tino pakarukaru te āhua o te wāhi, ā, e kī ana ētahi tohunga whaipara tangata nā ngā kerihanga o mua i mahia me te kore whakamahere tika i kino ake ai tēnei āhua kino. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā kua whakahēngia te whakahaere o te wāhi mō te kore mahi tahi i waenga i te kāwanatanga o Pakitāne, ngā hapori o te rohe, me ngā whakahaere o te ao.
Ka ara ake anō hoki ngā take mō ngā tika tangata i konei. He maha ngā wā ka uru ngā kaimahi o te rohe ki te mahi i te papaanga, he iti te utu, ā, he morearea hoki ngā āhuatanga e mahi ana. Kei reira anō hoki ngā āwangawanga kei whakangarohia e ngā keri ngā taunakitanga nui mō te oranga o ngā hapori o te Awaawa o Indus mēnā kāore e āta mahia.
Ngā keri i te Angkor Complex, Cambodia
Kua totohu hoki te temepara o Angkor i Cambodia, tētahi o ngā wāhi whaipara tangata nui rawa atu me te mea nui rawa atu i te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia, i roto i te tautohetohe. Hei wāhi Tuku Iho o te Ao a UNESCO, ka kukume a Angkor i te aro o te ao hei wāhi tūruhi me te kaupapa rangahau mātauranga.
Ko tētahi o ngā tautohe nui ko te pānga o te tūruhi ki te wāhi. He tokomaha e āwangawanga ana kei pakaru pea ngā hanganga o te temepara pakarukaru i te taenga mai o ngā tūruhi. Kei te tautohetia anō hoki ko wai hei whakahaere i te wāhi—te kāwanatanga o Cambodia, te whakahaere ao rānei pērā i a UNESCO.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he maha ngā wero mō ngā kerihanga i Angkor, arā, ngā mahi whakarite me ngā mahi pūtea. He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he pūtea nui me ngā taputapu matatau mō ēnei mahi keri whenua, ā, kāore i te wātea tonu i ngā whenua whakawhanake pērā i a Cambodia. Nō reira, kei te pēhia te tuku i te mana whakahaere o te wāhi ki ngā tāngata o waho, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta he ātete mai i ngā hapori o te rohe e whakaaro ana kei te mōrearea te mana whakahaere ahurea.
Ngā Akoranga me ngā Whakatairanga
He maha ngā akoranga nui e akohia ana e ngā keri whenua tautohenga mō te whanaungatanga i waenga i te pūtaiao, te tōrangapū, me te hapori. Tuatahi, me whai whakaaro ia keri ki ōna pānga pāpori me te tōrangapū. Me whakatū ngā whakaaetanga ki ngā hapori me ngā kāwanatanga o te rohe mai i te tīmatanga kia kore ai e taupatupatu.
Tuarua, he whakaritenga matatika kia tiakina te ataahua o te wāhi me ngā taonga tuku iho i kitea. Me tutuki ngā tikanga keri me te tiaki i whakamahia ki ngā paerewa o te ao kia mau tonu ai te tiakitanga o te wāhi mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
Tuatoru, he mea nui te whai wāhi a te hapori ā-rohe. Mā te whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga ki a rātou kia whai wāhi atu, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i te tukanga keri engari ka nui ake hoki ngā painga ōhanga me te pāpori.
He hoari mata rua ngā keri whenua. I tētahi taha, he māramatanga nui ki te hītori me te ahurea o te tangata. I tētahi atu taha, ka taea e rātou te whakararu me te pakanga mēnā kāore e whakahaerehia me te āta whakaaro nui. Mēnā ka whakahaerea tika, ka taea e ngā keri te mahi hei piriti e hono ana i te hītori me te wā o nāianei, e whakarei ake ana i tō tātou māramatanga ki a tātou me te wāhi i ahu mai ai tātou.
