He Akoranga Take Tangata Whenua mō ngā Iwi Motuhake
Pengantar
Ko te mātauranga tangata he kaupapa pūtaiao e ako ana i te tangata mai i ngā tirohanga rerekē, pērā i ngā āhuatanga ahurea, pāpori, koiora, me te reo. Ko te mātauranga tangata ahurea , inā koa, e tirotiro ana i ngā tikanga, ngā paerewa, me ngā uara e puritia ana e ngā rōpū tāngata. Ko tētahi kaupapa rangahau whakamere i roto i te mātauranga tangata ahurea ko ngā iwi kore noho, e whakauru ana i ngā rōpū tāngata e noho motuhake ana i ngā ia o te ao whānui. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga tētahi o aua iwi kore noho, me te arotahi ki ōna āhuatanga ahurea me te pāpori me ngā wero e pā ana ki a rātou i te aroaro o te huringa.
He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Iwi Motuhake
Ko ngā iwi motuhake he rōpū tāngata e noho tawhiti ana i te awe o te ao hou. Ko ētahi o ēnei iwi e āta wehe ana i a rātou anō hei pupuri i ā rātou tikanga tuku iho me te hiranga o tō rātou hononga ki te taiao. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui o tētahi iwi motuhake ko te iwi Sentinelese o ngā Moutere Andaman, Īnia. Tae noa ki tēnei rā, ka whakakahoretia e te iwi Sentinelese ngā hononga katoa ki te ao o waho, ā, ka mau tonu ki tō rātou āhua noho māmā, motuhake.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hapori me te Ahurea
Kei te hiahia ngā tohunga tātai tangata ki te mōhio ki te āhua o te noho o ia rā o ngā iwi motuhake pērā i te Sentinelese, me te āhua o te hanganga o ō rātou hanganga pāpori. Mō te Sentinelese, he tino hapori, he ōrite hoki tō rātou oranga pāpori. Kāore he kaupapa pāpori mārama, ā, ko ngā whakataunga he mea whakaae tahi. E whakamahi ana rātou i tētahi pūnaha wehewehe mahi i runga i te tau me te kaha, pērā i te hopu manu, te kohikohi, me te hanga whare noho.
Ko te ahurea ā-tinana o te iwi Sentinel e tohuhia ana e te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu māmā e hangaia ana e rātou anō mai i ngā rauemi taiao. E mōhiotia ana rātou mō tō rātou kaha whakamiharo ki te ora i roto i ngā taiao werawera. He hononga hohonu hoki tō rātou oranga wairua ki te taiao, me ngā kawa me ngā whakapono maha e whakahonore ana i te ao me ō rātou tūpuna.
Ngā Wero i Pā Mai
Ahakoa kua taea e te iwi Sentinel te pupuri i tō rātou āhua noho, kei te puta tonu ngā wero o waho. Ko tētahi o ngā tūmomo riri nui e pā ana ki te iwi motuhake ko te mate. Nā te mea kāore anō kia pāngia rātou e ngā mate noa e kitea ana i roto i te hapori hou , he tino ngoikore ō rātou pūnaha ārai mate. Mā te whakapā atu ki te hunga o waho ka puta mai ngā mate ka mate ai rātou.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, kei te mōrearea hoki te huringa āhuarangi me te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere i ō rātou kāinga tūturu. Ko ngā painga arumoni e aro ana ki ngā rauemi taiao o ō rātou rohe ka nui ake te pēhanga ki tō rātou oranga. He maha ngā iwi kāore anō kia whakapā atu ki te ao e pāngia ana e ngā wero ōrite, mai i te whakamahi i ngā ngahere ki ngā pakanga ki ngā kamupene keri maina.
I te tau 2018, i aro nui te ao ki tētahi aituā: i pūhia mate tētahi mihinare ko John Allen Chau te ingoa e te iwi Sentinel i a ia e ngana ana ki te whakatata atu ki tō rātou moutere. I whakaatuhia e tēnei aituā ngā tūponotanga e pā ana ki ngā taha e rua i roto i ēnei āhuatanga: ko te iwi Sentinel e ngana ana ki te tiaki i tō rātou whenua me tō rātou ahurea, me ngā tāngata o waho e whai whakaaro pai ana engari ka tū hei tūmomo mōrearea.
Te Tiakitanga Ture me te Tiakitanga Matatika
He kaupapa nui te take mō te tiaki i ngā tika o ngā iwi kāore anō kia whakapā atu i roto i te mātauranga tangata. Hei tauira, ko te ture o Īnia e tiaki kaha ana i te rohe o Sentinelese, e aukati ana i ngā whakapā atu engari mō ngā kaupapa pūtaiao iti noa iho. Heoi, ahakoa ēnei ārai ture, kei te tautohetohe tonu ngā tikanga matatika o te wawaotanga. Ka ara ake te pātai, e hia te nui o te taunekeneke o waho me ngā iwi kāore anō kia whakapā atu me whakaaetia, me pēhea hoki te whakarite kia kore ai aua taunekeneke e whakararuraru i tō rātou āhua noho.
Tētahi atu Take: Te Iwi Korowai i Papua
Haunga te iwi Sentinelese, ko te iwi Korowai o Papua tētahi atu tauira o tētahi iwi mokemoke e noho ana me ngā tikanga ahurei. He rongonui te iwi Korowai mō ō rātou whare rākau, he mea hanga ki ngā rākau teitei hei tiaki i a rātou mai i ngā whakaekenga a ngā kararehe me ētahi atu rōpū. E noho ana rātou i roto i ngā rōpū iti, mokemoke, ā, ko te hopu manu me te kohikohi ko ā rātou mahi o ia rā.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ā-iwi he uaua te whakapono o te Korowai, he maha ngā atua me ngā kōrero tuku iho. E pāngia ana hoki rātou e ngā wero rite tonu ki ērā atu iwi kāore anō kia whakapā atu, pērā i te mate me te pēhanga mai i ngā tāngata o waho e whai ana ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi taiao o tō rātou rohe.
Huringa me te Urutau
Ahakoa he maha ngā iwi motuhake e whiriwhiri ana ki te wehe atu i te ao hou, kei te tīmata ētahi ki te whakaatu i ngā tohu o te urutau. Hei tauira, ko te iwi Mentawai o Sumatra, Indonesia, kei te tīmata ki te whakaae ki ngā awe o waho i roto i te ahua o te mātauranga me ngā hua hou, me te ngana tonu ki te pupuri i ō rātou ahurea. He maha ngā wā ka tohuhia ēnei huringa e te tango i ngā hangarau māmā, pērā i ngā taputapu ahuwhenua hou, ngā taputapu hī ika whai hua ake rānei.
Heoi, kāore i te kore he tautohetohe mō tēnei urutaunga. E kī ana ētahi tohunga tātai tangata, mā te taunekeneke ki te ao o waho ka ngaro te tuakiri ahurea mō ngā iwi takitahi. I tētahi atu taha, e kī ana ētahi he mea tūturu te urutaunga, ā, ka taea te āwhina i ēnei iwi kia ora i roto i ngā āhuatanga e huri haere ana.
Whakamutunga
Mā ngā rangahau take tangata mō ngā iwi motuhake pērā i te Sentinelese me te Korowai ka kitea he māramatanga hohonu ki te āhua o te noho motuhake me te noho tahi me te taiao, he tawhiti atu i te ao hou. Ka tukuna e rātou he tirohanga ahurei mō te kanorau ahurea me te kaha o te tangata ki te ora i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua. Heoi anō, kei te tūtaki anō hoki rātou ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea nui mai i te mate, te tukino, me te huringa āhuarangi.
Kei te piki haere te hiranga o ngā take matatika me ngā take ture e pā ana ki te tiaki i ngā tāngata kāore anō kia whakapā atu i roto i te horopaki o te ao whānui e tipu haere ana. He kawenga tā te hapori o te ao ki te whakaute me te tiaki i ngā tika o ngā tāngata kāore anō kia whakapā atu, me te rapu huarahi hoki hei whakarite kia taea e rātou te noho i runga i ō rātou uara me ngā tikanga tuku iho.
Ehara i te mea ko te rangahau ā-iwi o ngā iwi kāore anō kia whakapā atu ka homai he māramatanga ki ngā rerekētanga ahurea tangata anake, engari ka wero anō hoki i a tātou ki te whakaaro anō ki te ahunga whakamua me te āhua o tā tātou taunekeneke ki ngā hapori e whiriwhiri ana i ngā momo huarahi noho rerekē. He mea nui te huarahi aro nui, ine hoki e whakaute ana i ngā tika tangata i roto i ngā taunekeneke katoa ki a rātou.
