Nā Mea Hana Optical Formula Eyes Glasses Binoculars

Nā nīnau hoʻohālike a me nā haʻilula no nā mea hana maka, nā maka, nā aniani, nā binoculars

Mata

1. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hana maka kūlohelohe ka maka. I ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻike ʻana, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kiʻi...

1. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pololei, pololei ma ka retina
2. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hoʻohuli ʻia, pololei ma ka retina
3. ʻIkepili, pololei, ʻākau ma ka retina
4. ʻO Maya, i lalo ke poʻo, pololei ma ka retina

Pahana
ʻO ke kiko kokoke o ka maka maʻamau maʻamau he 25 kenimika. ʻO ke kiko kokoke ka mamao kokoke loa e hiki ai i ka maka ke kālele. ʻO ke anawaena o ka maka kanaka, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 25 kenimika, no laila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lōʻihi o ke aniani maka ma mua o 25 kenimika. No laila, pono e ʻoi aku ka mamao o ka mea (s) ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke aniani o ka ʻōnaehana aniani maka (f).

He aniani convex ka ʻōnaehana aniani maka. No laila, ʻo ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana aniani maka i ka wā o ke kaʻina nānā ʻana he mau ʻano like me ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka aniani convex. ʻO nā ʻano o ke kiʻi i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana aniani maka i ka wā e ʻoi aku ai ka mamao o ka mea (s) ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena (f), penei:
- ʻOiaʻiʻo a ʻoiaʻiʻo paha
- I hope
– Hoʻemi ʻia
– Pololei ma ka retina

Pono ke kau pololei ʻana o ke kiʻi ma ka retina no ka mea hoʻololi ka retina i nā nalu māmā i mau hōʻailona uila e hoʻouna ʻia i ka lolo. ʻOiai ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kiʻi, hoʻohuli ka lolo kanaka iā ia i luna, no laila e kū pololei nā mea i ʻike ʻia e ka maka.

ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

Nā aniani maka

2. He 16 kenimika ka mamao o ke kanaka a he 80 kenimika ka mamao. Inā ʻaʻahu ʻo ia i nā aniani maka, hiki iā ia ke ʻike maopopo i nā mea mamao loa. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau aniani maka, ʻo ka mamao i ka mea kokoke loa āna e ʻike maopopo ai….

1. 13 1/3 kenimika
2. 20 cm
3. 36 cm
4. 48 1/3 kenimika

Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
He 80 kenimika wale nō ka mamao o ke kanaka, no laila hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia he ʻike mamao ke kanaka.
Loaʻa ka ʻike kokoke ʻana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka piʻo o ka ʻōnaehana aniani o ka maka a ʻaʻole palahalaha ma mua o ka mea e pono ai i ka maka maʻamau, e hōʻemi ana i kona lōʻihi o ke kikowaena. Hoʻoulu kēia i nā kukuna mālamalama mai nā mea ma ka palena ʻole (kahi mamao loa) e kālele i mua o ka retina ma kahi o ka retina.
Ua nīnau ʻia: ʻO ka mamao o ka mea kokoke loa e ʻike maopopo ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani
Pane:
ʻO ke kiko mamao o ke kanaka he 80 kenimika. Pono nā aniani maka aniani e hana i kiʻi he 80 kenimika i mua ona. Aia ke kiʻi i mua o ka maka a me nā aniani maka aniani, no laila he kiʻi maoli a kū pololei ke kiʻi. No laila, ʻo ka mamao o ke kiʻi (s') = -80 kenimika.
Inā ʻaʻahu ke kanaka i nā aniani maka, hiki iā ia ke ʻike maopopo i nā mea mamao loa. No laila, ʻo ka mamao o ka mea (s) = ke kiko mamao o ka maka maʻamau = palena ʻole = ~.

Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka maka maka:
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/~ + (- 1/80)
1/f = 0 – 1/80
1/f = – 1/80
f = – 80 / 1
f = – 80 kenimika
ʻO ka lōʻihi kiko maikaʻi ʻole ʻo ia hoʻi ka lens maka maka i hoʻohana ʻia he lens concave a i ʻole he lens diverging.

Inā hoʻohana ke kanaka i nā aniani maka like, he aha ka mamao o ka mea kokoke loa e ʻike maopopo ʻia? ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka aniani (f) = -80 kenimika. Pono ka aniani e hana i kiʻi ma kahi mamao o 16 kenimika ma mua o ka maka a me ka aniani i mea e like ai ke kiʻi me ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole. No laila, ʻo ka mamao o ke kiʻi (s') = -16 kenimika.
1/s = 1/f – 1/s' = -1/80 – (-1/16) = -1/80 + 1/16 = -1/80 + 5/80 = 4/80
s = 80/4 = 20 kenimika.
ʻO ka mea kokoke loa āna e ʻike maopopo ai he 20 kenimika.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

3. He mea hana nā maka aniani e kōkua iā ʻoe e ʻike maopopo. ʻIke pinepine ʻoe i kāu mau hoaaloha e ʻaʻahu ana i nā maka aniani. Pehea ke ala pololei o nā kukuna mālamalama ma o nā aniani a kou mau hoaaloha e ʻaʻahu nei?

Pahana

ʻO ke aniani maka i hoʻohana ʻia, ma muli o ke kiʻi, he aniani concave. ʻO ke ala o ke kukuna kukui e komo mai ana i hoʻohuli ʻia e ka aniani concave e like me ka pane B.

4. E nānā i ke kiʻi ma lalo nei o ke ala o ke kukui ma o ka maka ma mua a ma hope o ke kau ʻana i nā aniani. Ma muli o ke kiʻi, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia…
Pahana
ʻIke mamao = hypermetropia
Lensa hui = lens convex = lens maikaʻi
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

Nā Binoculars

5. Hoʻonui ʻia o kahi nā binoculars ʻo ka lōʻihi o ia mea he 10 kenimika he 3. ʻO ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka pahuhopu a me ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka maka maka he….

1. 5 kenimika a me 5 kenimika
2. 7,5 kenimika a me 2,5 kenimika
3. 2,5 kenimika a me 7,5 kenimika
4. 4 kenimika a me 6 kenimika

Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Hoʻonui binocular (M) = 3
Ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona ʻike maka (l) = 10 kenimika
Ua nīnau ʻia: Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens pahuhopu a me ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece
Pane:
ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka lōʻihi o ke kelepona ʻike maka (l) i ka wā e noho ai ka maka ma ka palena iki loa:
l = f_ob +f_ok
10 kenimika = f_ob +f_ok  - Kaulike 1

ʻO ke ʻano hana no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā binoculars (M) ke kūpono ka maka i ka liʻiliʻi loa:
M = f_ob /f_ok
3 = f_ob /f_ok
f_ob = 3 f_ok - Kaulike 2

E pani iā ​​f_ob ma kaulike 1 me f_ok ma kaulike 2 :
10 kenimika = f_ob +f_ok 
10 kenimika = 3 f_ok +f_ok 
10 kenimika = 4 f_ok
f_ok = 10 kenimika / 4
f_ok = 2,5 knm
Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ka maka aniani = 2,5 kenimika
Ka lōʻihi o ke kikowaena o ke aniani pahuhopu = 3 f_ok = 3 (2,5 kenimika) = 7,5 kenimika

ʻO ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka lens pahuhopu a me ka lōʻihi kikowaena o ka lens eyepiece he 7,5 kenimika a me 2,5 kenimika pakahi.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

Puna nīnau:

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