Nā kahua Magnetic: Nā hanana a me kā lākou noi ma ke ao hou
ʻO nā kahua magnetic kekahi o nā hanana kūlohelohe hoihoi loa a he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko lākou i nā ʻano he nui o ko kākou ola, mai ka hoʻokele maʻalahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka panana a hiki i nā noi paʻakikī i ka ʻenehana hou e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke kelepona. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ke ʻano o kahi kahua magnetic, pehea e hana ai, a me kāna mau noi like ʻole i ka honua hou.
He aha ke kahua Magnetic?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke kahua magnetic ka hakahaka a puni kahi magnet kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻia nā mana magnetic. ʻO ka magnet ponoʻī he mea hiki ke huki a pale aku paha i nā mea ʻē aʻe nona nā waiwai magnetic. Ke kau ʻia kahi magnet i loko o kahi kahua magnetic, hōʻike ia i kahi mana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mana magnetic. Hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻia kahi kahua magnetic e nā laina magnetic o ka ikaika e puka mai ana mai ka pou ʻākau a komo i ka pou hema o ka magnet.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ke kahua magnetic ma ke ʻano helu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka vector kahua magnetic, nona nā ʻāpana nui ʻelua: ka ikaika o ke kahua magnetic (H) a me ka induction magnetic (B). ʻO nā kaulike a Maxwell he mau kaulike ʻokoʻa e wehewehe ana i ka pilina ma waena o nā kahua uila a me nā kahua magnetic a pehea lākou e loli ai i ka hakahaka a me ka manawa.
Nā Kumu o ke Kahua Magnetika
1. Nā Makeneka Paʻa: ʻO nā makeneka paʻa he mau mea e hana ana i kahi kahua makeneka me ka ʻole o ka koi ʻana i kekahi mea a i ʻole ka ikaika o waho. Hana ʻia kēia mau makeneka mai nā mea e like me ka hao, cobalt, nickel, a i ʻole kekahi mau metala hui. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau e komo pū me nā makeneka i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā pahu hau a me nā panana.
2. Electromagnet: He magnet ka electromagnet i hana ʻia e ke au uila. Ke kahe ke au uila ma o kahi uea, hana ia i kahi kahua magnetic a puni ke uea. Hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia nā electromagnets no ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ko lākou kahua magnetic ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke au uila e hele ana ma o lākou, e lilo ai lākou i mea pono loa i nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole.
3. Ke Kahua Makeke o ka Honua: He makeke nui ko kākou Honua. ʻO ke kikowaena o ka Honua, i haku ʻia me ka hao wai e neʻe ana a me ka nikala, e hana ana i kahi kahua makeke i ʻike ʻia ʻo ke kahua makeke o ka Honua. He mea nui kēia kahua no ka hoʻokele ʻana a pale iā mākou mai nā ʻāpana ʻino e hele mai ana mai ka lā a me ka lewa waho.
Nā Hoʻohana ʻana i ke Kahua Magnetic
1. Hoʻokele
Ma mua o ʻelua tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻohana nā luina Kina i nā panana makeneka no ka hoʻokele ʻana. Hana nā panana ma ke kumumanaʻo e kuhikuhi mau ana kahi nila makeneka i nā pou ʻākau a me ke kūkulu hema o ka Honua. Ua ʻae kēia i nā luina a me nā poʻe kolone e hoʻoholo i ko lākou kuhikuhi ma nā kai ākea kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā wahi honua.
2. Mālama ʻIkepili
Ua holomua koke ka ʻenehana mālama ʻikepili, a ʻo nā kahua magnetic ke kumu o nā ʻenehana mālama he nui, e like me nā drive disk paʻa (HDD). I loko o nā HDD, mālama ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke ʻano o nā kahua magnetic ma nā papa metala. Hōʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻikepili e ke kuhikuhi ʻana o ke kahua magnetic o nā ʻāpana ma ka ʻili o ka disk.
3. Lapaʻau
I ke ao lapaʻau, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā kahua magnetic. ʻO ke kiʻi diagnostic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) kekahi ʻenehana e hoʻohana ana i nā kahua magnetic. Hoʻohana ʻo MRI i kahi kahua magnetic ikaika a me nā nalu lekiō e hana i nā kiʻi kikoʻī o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻiʻo i loko o ke kino, e kōkua ana i nā kauka e ʻike pololei a hoʻolālā i ka lāʻau.
4. ʻOihana a me ka Hana ʻana
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kahua magnetic i ka ʻoihana a me ka hana ʻana. No ka laʻana, i nā kaʻina hana kuʻihao, hoʻohana ʻia nā kahua magnetic e alakaʻi i ke kahe o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. I ka hana ʻana i ka metala, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kahua magnetic e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ferromagnetic mai nā mea non-ferromagnetic, a i ʻole e hoʻomehana i ka metala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka induction electromagnetic.
5. Nā Kelepona a me nā Mea Uila
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kahua magnetic i nā kamaʻilio a me nā mea uila, e like me nā microchips. No ka laʻana, hana nā mea hoʻololi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale mana ma ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻokomo magnetic. Hoʻohana pū nā mea hoʻolele leo a me nā microphone i nā kahua magnetic e hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona uila i leo a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe.
6. Nā Kaʻaahi Maglev
Hoʻohana pū nā ʻenehana halihali hou e like me nā kaʻaahi magnetic levitation (maglev) i nā kahua magnetic. I loko o nā kaʻaahi maglev, hoʻohana ʻia nā kahua magnetic e hāpai i ke kaʻaahi ma luna o nā alahao a hoʻoneʻe iā ia i mua. ʻO ka hopena, he holo mālie a wikiwiki hoʻi no ka mea, ʻaʻole pili pono ke kaʻaahi me nā alahao, e hōʻemi ana i ka friction a me ka ʻaʻahu.
Pehea e hana ai nā kahua magnetic
Nā kānāwai o Biot-Savart lāua ʻo Ampère
ʻO nā kānāwai Biot-Savart lāua ʻo Ampère nā kānāwai kumu i hoʻohana ʻia e helu i ke kahua magnetic i hana ʻia e kahi au uila. Ke ʻōlelo nei ke kānāwai Biot-Savart ʻo ke kahua magnetic ma kahi kiko i hana ʻia e kahi mea au liʻiliʻi loa e pili pono ana i ke au a me ka lōʻihi o ka mea au a pili pono ʻole i ka huinahā o ka mamao mai ka mea.
Ke Kānāwai o Faraday
Ua wehewehe ke kānāwai o Faraday no ka hoʻokomo magnetic pehea e hiki ai i kahi kahua magnetic e loli nei ke hana i kahi au uila. ʻO kēia ke kumu kumu ma hope o nā mea hana uila a me nā mea hoʻololi. Ke loli ke kahua magnetic a puni kahi alakaʻi, hana ka alakaʻi i kahi au uila maikaʻi ʻole i loko o kahi loop pani.
Ke Kānāwai o Lenz
ʻO ke Kānāwai o Lenz kahi kumumanaʻo e hoʻokō ana i ke Kānāwai o Faraday. Ke ʻōlelo nei kēia kānāwai ʻo ke kuhikuhi o ke au i hoʻokomo ʻia i hana ʻia e kahi kahua magnetic e loli mau ana e kūʻē mau ana ke kahua magnetic i hana ʻia e kēia au i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka loli mua o ke kahua magnetic.
Kumumanaʻo o ka Hoʻokomo Uila
ʻO ka hoʻokomo electromagnetic kahi hanana kahi e hoʻopuka ai kahi kahua magnetic e loli ana i loko o kahi alakaʻi i kahi ikaika electromotive (EMF). ʻO kēia hanana ke kumu no ka hana o nā mea hoʻololi, nā mīkini uila, a me nā mea hana. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo i nā mea uila he nui a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā.
Haʻawina Hihia: Ka Hoʻohana ʻana i nā Māla Magnetic i ka ʻenehana Hou
MRI ma ke Ao Lapaʻau
Hoʻohana ʻo MRI i kahi kahua magnetic ikaika e hana i kahi kahua magnetic like a puni ke kino o ka mea maʻi. A laila hoʻohana ʻia nā nalu lekiō e hoʻopilikia i kēia kahua magnetic, e hoʻoulu ana i nā protons i loko o ke kino o ka mea maʻi e omo i ka ikehu a hoʻololi i ke kuhikuhi. Ke pau nā nalu lekiō, hoʻi nā protons i ko lākou mau kūlana mua a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu i omo ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi hōʻailona, a laila hana ʻia i kiʻi.
Kaʻaahi Maglev ma Iapana
ʻO nā kaʻaahi Maglev kekahi o nā ʻenehana halihali holomua loa, e hoʻohana ana i nā kahua magnetic e hāpai a hoʻoneʻe i nā kaʻaahi me ka ʻole o ka pili pololei me nā alahao. Hoʻemi kēia ʻōnaehana i ka friction a hiki i nā kaʻaahi ke hiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i ka 600 km/h. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā kahua magnetic i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻaahi Maglev e nā electromagnets nui i kau ʻia i loko o nā alahao a me ke kaʻaahi ponoʻī.
Ka hopena
He manaʻo nui ke kahua makeneka i ka physics a me ka ʻenekinia, me nā noi ākea ma nā ʻano kahua like ʻole. Mai ka hoʻokele kahiko me ka panana a hiki i nā ʻenehana hou e like me MRI a me nā kaʻaahi Maglev, ke hoʻomau nei nā kahua makeneka i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana a me ke ola kanaka. Me ka hoʻomaopopo hohonu a me ka noiʻi hou aku, hiki i nā kahua makeneka ke wehe i nā mea hou aʻe e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ko kākou noho ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana me ke ao nei.
