Laʻana o nā Nīnau Kūkākūkā Histogram
He hōʻike kiʻi ka histogram o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kahi hui o nā ʻikepili helu. Ua like ka histogram me kahi pakuhi pā, akā hōʻike ia i ka ʻikepili i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā pae kikoʻī (bins) a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā helu helu e hōʻike i nā hoʻolaha alapine.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e kūkākūkā mākou i nā nīnau hoʻohālike a me nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i nā histograms e hoʻomaikaʻi i ko mākou ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana a me ke kālailai ʻana i nā histograms.
He aha ka Histogram?
He mea hana ʻike maka ka histogram e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻolaha pinepine ʻana o kahi ʻikepili. Ua māhele ʻia ka laulā o nā waiwai i nā wā i kapa ʻia ʻo "bins," a ua helu ʻia ka helu o nā kiko ʻikepili i kēlā me kēia bin no ka maʻalahi o ka nānā ʻana. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻolaha a me nā ʻano i loko o ka ʻikepili.
Aia kekahi mau hana maʻamau i ka hana ʻana i kahi histogram:
1. E hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili: E kiʻi i kahi hōʻiliʻili ʻikepili e kālailai ʻia.
2. E hoʻoholo i ka laulā ʻikepili: E hoʻoholo i ka laulā o nā waiwai mai ka ʻikepili liʻiliʻi a i ka ʻikepili nui loa.
3. Koho i ka Helu o nā ʻĀpana: E hoʻoholo i ka nui o nā wā a i ʻole nā ʻāpana āu e makemake ai.
4. Helu Alapine (Frequence): E helu i ka nui o ka ʻikepili e hāʻule ana i loko o kēlā me kēia ʻōpala.
5. E kaha kiʻi i kahi Histogram: E hana i kahi pakuhi pā e hōʻike ana i ke alapine (frequency) o ka ʻikepili i loko o kēlā me kēia ʻōpala.
Laʻana o nā Nīnau Kūkākūkā Histogram
E hoʻomaka kākou me nā laʻana maʻalahi a hoʻonui mālie i nā mea paʻakikī.
Laʻana Nīnau 1
E hoʻoholo i ka histogram o kēia ʻikepili:
".
1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8
".
1. E hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻikepili ma luna.
2. E hoʻoholo i ka Pae ʻIkepili
Pae ʻikepili mai 1 a 8.
3. Koho i ka helu o nā ʻōpala
No ka maʻalahi, e hoʻohana mākou i 4 mau ʻōmole:
– ʻŌmole mua: 1 – 2
– ʻĀpana lua: 3 – 4
– ʻĀpana ʻekolu: 5 – 6
– ʻĀpana ʻehā: 7 – 8
4. E helu i ka alapine (frequency)
– ʻĀpana mua (1 – 2): Aia he 3 ʻikepili (1, 2, 2)
– ʻO ka lua o ka pahu (3 – 4): Aia he 5 ʻikepili (3, 3, 3, 4, 4)
– ʻO ke kolu o ka ʻōpala (5 – 6): Aia he 9 ʻikepili (5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6)
– ʻĀpana ʻehā (7 – 8): Aia he 3 ʻikepili (7, 7, 8)
5. E kaha kiʻi i kahi Histogram
– ʻŌmole 1-2: (3)
– ʻĀpana 3-4: (5)
– ʻŌmole 5-6: (9)
– ʻŌmole 7-8: (3)
Hōʻike kēia pakuhi i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻikepili ma muli o ka laulā bin i koho ʻia.
Laʻana Nīnau 2
E hoʻoholo i ka histogram o ka ʻikepili ma lalo nei me nā helu like ʻole o nā ʻōpala:
".
12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 45
".
1. E hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻikepili
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻikepili ma luna.
2. E hoʻoholo i ka Pae ʻIkepili
Loaʻa nā ʻikepili mai 12 a 45.
3. Koho i ka helu o nā ʻōpala
E hoʻohana mākou i 5 mau ʻōmole i kēia manawa:
– ʻŌmole mua: 12 – 17
– ʻĀpana lua: 18 – 23
– ʻĀpana ʻekolu: 24 – 29
– ʻĀpana ʻehā: 30 – 35
– ʻElima o ka ʻōpala: 36 – 45
4. E helu i ka alapine (frequency)
– ʻĀpana mua (12 – 17): Aia he 3 ʻikepili (12, 15, 16)
– ʻO ka lua o ka pahu (18 – 23): Aia he 3 ʻikepili (18, 20, 21, 22, 23)
– ʻO ke kolu o ka pahu (24 – 29): Aia he 2 ʻikepili (25, 27, 29)
– ʻĀpana ʻehā (30 – 35): Aia he 4 ʻikepili (30, 32, 34, 35)
– ʻElima pahu (36 – 45): Aia he 8 ʻikepili (36, 38, 40, 42, 45)
5. E kaha kiʻi i kahi Histogram
– ʻŌmole 12-17: (3)
– ʻĀpana 18-23: (5)
– ʻŌmole 24-29: (3)
– ʻĀpana 30-35: (4)
– ʻĀpana 36-45: (8)
Hōʻike kēia pakuhi i kahi hoʻolaha ʻikepili ʻokoʻa iki ma mua o ka laʻana ma mua.
Kūkākūkā Hou Aʻe
Kōkua nā histograms i ka hōʻike ʻike maka ʻana i nā hoʻolaha alapine (frequency), akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā hopena ma muli o ka helu o nā ʻōpala i koho ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka helu o nā ʻōpala hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka wehewehe ʻikepili.
Nā mea nui i ka hana ʻana i kahi Histogram
1. Koho ʻana o ka Helu o nā ʻŌmole
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpala e hiki ke hūnā i nā kikoʻī i loko o ka ʻikepili, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻōpala e hiki ai ke hoʻolilo i ka histogram i ʻāpana nui a paʻakikī hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo.
2. Wehewehe ʻIkepili
ʻAe nā histograms iā mākou e ʻike i nā ʻano hoʻolaha, e like me ka hoʻolaha maʻamau ʻana o ka ʻikepili, ke kūlou ʻia i ka hema, a i ʻole ke kūlou ʻia i ka ʻākau. He mea pono kēia i ka loiloi helu hou aku.
3. Unahi Kūlike
E hōʻoia i ka kūlike o ka laulā o ka ʻōpala i ʻole e alakaʻi hewa ka histogram.
4. Alapine (frequency) a i ʻole ka nui (density)
Inā ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka ʻikepili, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ka paʻa ma mua o ke alapine maʻemaʻe e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā ʻikepili like ʻole.
Ka hopena
He mau mea hana ikaika nā Histograms no ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻikepili helu. Ma kēia ʻatikala, ua uhi mākou i nā ʻanuʻu kumu no ka hana ʻana i kahi histogram a ua nānā i nā pilikia hoʻohālike e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kahi histogram mai ka ʻikepili i hāʻawi ʻia. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i nā histograms e kōkua iā mākou e kālailai i ka ʻikepili me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a hana i nā hoʻoholo maikaʻi aʻe ma muli o ia mea.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻana i ka hana ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā histograms me nā ʻano ʻikepili like ʻole a me nā helu like ʻole o nā ʻōpala e hoʻoikaika i ko mākou hiki ke hoʻohana i kēia mea hana helu koʻikoʻi. E hoʻomau i ka hoʻokolohua a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā histograms e ʻimi pono i kāu ʻikepili.
