Codominance: Ke ʻimi nei i ka Manaʻo a me nā Laʻana ma Genetics
I ke ao o ka genetics, puka mai ka huaʻōlelo "codominance" ma ke ʻano he manaʻo nui e pono e hoʻomaopopo, ʻoiai ke hoʻāʻo nei mākou e hoʻomaopopo pehea e hoʻoilina ʻia ai kekahi mau ʻano mai kekahi hanauna a i kekahi. Hāʻawi ʻo Codominance i nā ʻike waiwai i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka genetics a pehea e hiki ai ke kū mai ka biodiversity ma o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoilina allele.
Manaʻo Kumu o ke Codominance
ʻO ke codominance kahi ʻano hoʻoilina genetic kahi i hōʻike like ʻia ai ʻelua mau alleles like ʻole o kahi gene hoʻokahi, a ʻaʻole kekahi o lākou he dominant a recessive paha ma luna o kekahi. ʻAʻole like me ka dominance piha, kahi e uhi ai kekahi allele i ka hōʻike ʻana o kekahi, ma ke codominance, hāʻawi like nā alleles ʻelua i ka phenotype o kahi meaola.
Hana ʻia kēia hanana no ka mea he hana nā alleles ʻelua a hoʻopuka kēlā me kēia i kahi protein phenotypically i hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o nā meaola e lawe ana i nā alleles ʻelua. ʻO ka hopena, e hōʻike nā kānaka heterozygous no ka gene i nā ʻano o nā alleles ʻelua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke Codominance ma Genetics
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kaulana loa o ka codominance ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana hui koko ABO kanaka. Ma kēia ʻōnaehana, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano koko e ʻekolu mau alleles: I^A, I^B, a me i. He codominant nā alleles I^A a me I^B, ʻoiai he recessive ka allele i.
– ʻO nā kānaka me ka allele I^A/I^A a i ʻole I^A/i, he ʻano koko A ko lākou.
– ʻO nā kānaka me ka allele I^B/I^B a i ʻole I^B/i, he ʻano koko B ko lākou.
– ʻO nā kānaka me ka allele I^A/I^B e loaʻa iā lākou ke ʻano koko AB, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā antigens A a me B ma ka ʻili o nā keena koko ʻulaʻula, e hōʻike ana i ka codominance.
– ʻO nā kānaka me ka allele i/i ko lākou ʻano koko O, kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā antigens A a i ʻole B.
ʻAʻole maopopo mau ka phenotype i loaʻa mai ka codominance e like me ka ʻōnaehana ABO. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka codominance ke hana i nā ʻano kikoʻī a i ʻole nā māka i loko o kahi meaola. No ka laʻana, ma Mirabilis jalapa, a i ʻole nā pua ʻehā hola, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke kala o ka pua e ʻelua mau alleles, ʻelua i komo i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pigment. Ke hōʻike ʻia nā alleles ʻelua i ka manawa like, ʻo ka hopena he pua me kahi hui kū hoʻokahi o nā kala.
Nā ʻano hana molekala ma hope o ke komo ʻana o ke codominance
Ma ka pae molekala, pili ka codominance i ka hōʻike like ʻana o nā huahana genetic like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi nā protein a i ʻole nā enzymes, i hoʻopili ʻia e kēlā me kēia allele. ʻAʻole like me ka dominance maʻalahi, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai hoʻokahi allele wale nō, ma ka codominance, aia nā transcripts RNA a me nā protein mai nā alleles ʻelua a hana i loko o ke kelepona.
E lawe i ka laʻana o ke ʻano koko AB, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai nā antigens A a me B no ka mea ua hana nā enzymes transferase i hana ʻia e nā alleles I^A a me I^B. Hoʻohui kēia mau enzymes i nā molekala carbohydrate kikoʻī i ka ʻili o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula, e hopena ana i ke alo o ʻelua mau antigens i ʻike ʻia e ka immunologically.
Ke Koʻikoʻi o ka Codominance i ka Evolution a me ka Biology
He mea nui ka codominance i loko o ke ʻano o ka evolution a me ka biology heluna kanaka. Ma ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa phenotypic i loko o kahi heluna kanaka, hāʻawi ka codominance i ka hiki o kahi meaola ke hoʻololi a ola i nā loli o ke kaiapuni a me nā kaomi koho.
Mai kahi kuanaʻike evolutionary, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā alleles codominant i loko o kahi heluna kanaka inā hāʻawi nā phenotypes hopena ʻelua i nā pono koho like ʻole. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka codominance ke hoʻonui i ka loli genetic i loko o kahi heluna kanaka, e ʻae ana i nā meaola e pane phenotypically i nā pilikia kaiapuni like ʻole.
Nā noi a me nā hopena o ka Codominance
ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka codominance he mea nui i ka noiʻi genetic kumu akā he mau noi pono hoʻi i nā kahua e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka mahiʻai, a me ka biotechnology. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka loiloi genetic o nā ʻano codominant ke kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā mālama ʻana i kekahi mau kūlana.
No ka laʻana, i ke ʻano o nā maʻi genetic kahi e pili ai nā ʻano codominant, hiki i ka hoʻāʻo genetic ke ʻike i ka genotype o kahi kanaka a wānana i ke ʻano phenotypic hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻoholo kūpono ʻana i ke olakino.
I ka mahiʻai, hoʻohana ʻia ka codominance i nā papahana hoʻoulu mea kanu e hoʻohui i nā ʻano maikaʻi mai nā alleles like ʻole, e hana ana i nā ʻano mea kanu hou me nā ʻano i makemake ʻia e like me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i nā maʻi, ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hua, a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.
Eia kekahi, pili pono ke aʻo ʻana i ka codominance ma ke kahua o ka biotechnology no ka ʻenekinia genetic a me ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻano kikoʻī e hiki ke hana i ka hana ʻana o nā biofuels, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā huahana olaola ʻē aʻe.
Ka hopena
Hōʻike ka Codominance i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka paʻakikī o nā ʻano hoʻoilina genetic, e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano loli a me ke ʻano like ʻole o ke ola. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo hohonu ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka codominance hiki ke wehe i nā manawa hou ma nā ʻano ʻepekema like ʻole a me nā hana kūpono, mai ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ko mākou ʻike i ka biodiversity a hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hopena hou i nā pilikia honua.
Hōʻike pū ka ʻike i ka codominance i ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa genetic ma nā pae kaiaola like ʻole, ʻoiai he mea nui kēia ʻano like ʻole i ka hiki ke hoʻololi a me ke ola ʻana o nā ʻano ma ka Honua. Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka genetics hou, ke hoʻomau nei ka codominance i kumuhana noiʻi hua nui e hoʻohiki ana e hoʻoulu i nā ʻike hou aʻe i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
