Nā nīnau hoʻohālike e kūkākūkā ana i nā kumumanaʻo o nā puka Logic
Pendahuluan
I loko o nā mea uila a me ka helu kamepiula, he mau poloka hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi nā puka logic. Lawe lākou i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea hoʻokomo Boolean (ʻoiaʻiʻo a wahaheʻe paha, 1 a i ʻole 0) a hana i hoʻokahi puka Boolean. ʻO nā puka logic ke kumu o nā kaapuni kikohoʻe, e like me nā microprocessors, ka hoʻomanaʻo, a me nā kaapuni hoʻomalu ʻē aʻe. E uhi kēia ʻatikala i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike a kūkākūkā i nā kumumanaʻo kumu o nā puka logic, me ka nānā nui ʻana i nā puka AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, a me XNOR.
Nā Kumumanaʻo Kumu o nā Puka Logic
I mea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā nīnau hoʻohālike, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo mua i nā kumumanaʻo kumu o kēlā me kēia ʻano puka logic.
1. A ME ka puka:
– ʻO 1 wale nō ka hopena inā he 1 nā mea hoʻokomo a pau.
– Papa ʻoiaʻiʻo:
| A | B | A A ME B |
|——|—————|
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
2. Puka OR:
– ʻO 1 ka hopena inā he 1 kekahi o nā mea hoʻokomo.
– Papa ʻoiaʻiʻo:
| A | B | A A I ʻOLE B |
|——|—————|
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
3. ʻAʻole ka puka:
– ʻO ka hopena ke kū'ē i ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia.
– Papa ʻoiaʻiʻo:
| ʻAʻOLE |
|—|——-|
0 | 1 |
1 | 0 |
4. Puka NAND (ʻAʻole ʻo AND):
– ʻO ka hopena ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohuli o ka puka AND.
– Papa ʻoiaʻiʻo:
| A | B | A NAND B |
|——|————-|
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
5. Puka NOR (ʻAʻole OR):
– ʻO ka hopena ka ʻaoʻao hoʻohuli o ka puka OR.
– Papa ʻoiaʻiʻo:
| A | B | A ʻO ʻOLE B |
|——|—————|
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
6. Puka XOR (Kūʻokoʻa OR):
– ʻO ka hopena he 1 inā ʻokoʻa ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia.
– Papa ʻoiaʻiʻo:
| A | B | A XOR B |
|——|—————|
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
7. Puka XNOR (NOR Kūikawā):
– ʻO ka hopena he 1 inā like ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia.
– Papa ʻoiaʻiʻo:
| A | B | A XNOR B |
|——|————-|
0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
Nā Nīnau Laʻana a me ke Kūkākūkā
E kūkākūkā kākou i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike e pili ana i kēia mau ʻīpuka logic like ʻole.
Laʻana 1: Hoʻohui pū ʻana o nā puka AND a me OR
Nīnau:
Manaʻo ʻia he ʻekolu mau mea hoʻokomo A, B, a me C. E helu i ka hopena o ke kaapuni logic aʻe:
– Q1 = A A ME B
– Q2 = Q1 A I ʻOLE C
Kūkākūkā:
Nā ʻanuʻu hoʻonā:
1. E hoʻoholo i ka waiwai o Q1.
2. E hoʻohana i ka waiwai o Q1 e hoʻoholo ai i Q2.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo A = 1, B = 0, a me C = 1:
1. Q1 = A A ME B = 1 A ME 0 = 0
2. Q2 = Q1 A I ʻOLE C = 0 A I ʻOLE 1 = 1
No laila, ʻo ka hopena hope loa o Q2 he 1.
Laʻana Nīnau 2: Hoʻohui pū ʻia o nā puka NAND a me AND
Nīnau:
Inā loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua mau mea hoʻokomo X a me Y, e hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ke kaapuni logic aʻe:
– Q1 = X NAND Y
– Q2 = Q1 A ME X
Kūkākūkā:
E helu kākou i ka hopena ma muli o nā hui pū ʻana o ka hoʻokomo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo X = 1 a me Y = 1:
1. Q1 = X NAND Y = 1 NAND 1 = NOT(1 A ME 1) = NOT(1) = 0
2. Q2 = Q1 A ME X = 0 A ME 1 = 0
No laila, ʻo ka hopena hope loa o Q2 he 0.
Laʻana 3: Hoʻohui pū ʻia o nā puka XOR a me NOR
Nīnau:
E helu i ka hopena no ke kaapuni logic aʻe me nā mea hoʻokomo D a me E:
– Q1 = D XOR E
– Q2 = Q1 ʻAʻOLE E
Kūkākūkā:
E helu kākou i ka hopena ma muli o nā hui pū ʻana o ka hoʻokomo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo D = 0 a me E = 1:
1. Q1 = D XOR E = 0 XOR 1 = 1
2. Q2 = Q1 ʻAʻole E = 1 ʻAʻole 1 = ʻAʻole(1 A I ʻOLE 1) = ʻAʻole(1) = 0
No laila, ʻo ka hopena hope loa o Q2 he 0.
Laʻana Nīnau 4: Ke hoʻohana nei i ʻekolu mau puka Logic like ʻole
Nīnau:
Me ʻekolu mau mea hoʻokomo P, Q, a me R, e helu i ka hopena o ke kaapuni logic aʻe:
– Q1 = P A ME Q
– Q2 = Q1 A I ʻOLE R
– Q3 = ʻAʻOLE Q2
Kūkākūkā:
Nā ʻanuʻu hoʻonā:
1. E helu iā Q1 me ka puka AND.
2. E hoʻohana iā Q1 e helu iā Q2 me kahi puka OR.
3. E hoʻohana iā Q2 e helu iā Q3 me kahi puka NOT.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo P = 1, Q = 0, a me R = 1:
1. Q1 = P A ME Q = 1 A ME 0 = 0
2. Q2 = Q1 A I ʻOLE R = 0 A I ʻOLE 1 = 1
3. Q3 = ʻAʻOLE Q2 = ʻAʻOLE 1 = 0
No laila, ʻo ka hopena hope loa o Q3 he 0.
Laʻana Nīnau 5: Ke hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi Logic Circuit
Nīnau:
E hoʻolālā i kahi kaapuni logic e hoʻopuka i kahi hopena ʻoiaʻiʻo inā a inā wale nō ʻelua o nā mea hoʻokomo ʻekolu (A, B, C) he ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Kūkākūkā:
No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hopena e hoʻokō ai i nā kūlana i luna, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā puka logic:
1. Q1 = A A ME B A ME (ʻAʻOLE C)
2. Q2 = A A ME (ʻAʻOLE ʻO B) A ME C
3. Q3 = (ʻAʻOLE ʻO A) A ME B A ME C
4. Hoʻopuka = Q1 A I ʻOLE Q2 A I ʻOLE Q3
E kālailai kākou i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu no kahi hui hoʻokomo kikoʻī. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo A = 1, B = 1, a me C = 0:
1. Q1 = A A ME B A (ʻAʻOLE C) = 1 A ME 1 A ME 1 = 1
2. Q2 = A A ME (ʻAʻOLE ʻO B) A ME C = 1 A ME 0 A ME 0 = 0
3. Q3 = (ʻAʻOLE ʻO A) A ME B A ME C = 0 A ME 1 A ME 0 = 0
4. Hoʻopuka = Q1 A I ʻOLE Q2 A I ʻOLE Q3 = 1 A I ʻOLE 0 A I ʻOLE 0 = 1
No laila, hāʻawi maoli kēia kaapuni i kahi hopena TRUE inā ʻelua o nā mea hoʻokomo ʻekolu he TRUE.
Ka hopena
Ma kēia ʻatikala, ua uhi mākou i nā kumumanaʻo kumu o nā puka logic a ua hāʻawi i kekahi mau pilikia hoʻohālike me nā wehewehe. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā kumumanaʻo a me ka hana o nā puka logic he mea nui ia no kekahi e hana ana me nā kaapuni kikohoʻe, nā microprocessors, a i ʻole nā mahina pili ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kahe hana a me ka logic ma hope o kēia mau puka e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻolālā i nā kaapuni paʻakikī a maikaʻi. Manaʻolana mākou ua kōkua kēia mau hoʻohālike i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ko mākou ʻike ʻana i nā puka logic.
