Nā nīnau hoʻohālike e kūkākūkā ana i ke Codominance
I loko o ka genetics, ʻo ka codominance kahi hanana kahi i hōʻike like ʻia ai nā alleles ʻelua like ʻole o kahi gene i loko o ka phenotype o ke kanaka. ʻOkoʻa kēia hanana mai ka dominance maʻalahi, kahi hiki i kekahi allele ke uhi piha i ka hōʻike ʻana o kekahi. ʻO ka Codominance kahi hihia kahi e hana ai nā alleles ʻelua a ʻike like ʻia i loko o kahi meaola heterozygous. Kūkākūkā pinepine ʻia ka Codominance ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano koko kanaka a me nā ʻano kala ʻahuʻula i kekahi mau holoholona. E ʻimi hohonu kēia ʻatikala i ke kumumanaʻo o ka codominance ma o nā pilikia hoʻohālike i hele pū ʻia me ke kūkākūkā ʻana.
Ke Hoʻomaopopo nei i ke Kodominance
Ma mua o ko kākou komo ʻana i nā nīnau hoʻohālike, e hoʻomaopopo mua kākou i ke ʻano o ka codominance. No ka laʻana, i ke ʻano o nā ʻano koko kanaka, he codominant nā alleles A a me B. ʻO ia hoʻi, inā loaʻa i ke kanaka nā alleles A a me B (genotype AB), e hōʻike ʻia nā mea ʻelua, a laila e loaʻa ai ke ʻano koko AB.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi laʻana o ke codominance i ke kala o ka ʻahuʻula o nā bipi. Manaʻo mākou he allele no ka ʻahuʻula ʻulaʻula (R) a he allele no ka ʻahuʻula keʻokeʻo (W). Inā he allele R hoʻokahi a me allele W hoʻokahi i ka bipi wahine, e loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻahuʻula keʻokeʻo, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "roan."
Nā nīnau hoʻohālike no ke komo ʻana i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana
Nīnau 1: ʻAno Koko
Nīnau: He ʻano koko A ko ka makuakāne (genotype AA), a he ʻano koko B ko ka makuahine (genotype BB). Inā he keiki kā lāua, he aha ke ʻano koko o ke keiki?
Kūkākūkā:
1. E ʻike i nā genotypes o nā mākua:
– Makua kāne: AA
– Makuahine: BB
2. No ka mea, he codominant nā ʻano koko A a me B, e hoʻoilina nā keiki i hoʻokahi allele mai kēlā me kēia makua.
3. ʻO nā hui pū ʻana no nā keiki penei:
– Mai ka makuakāne mai: A
– Mai ka makuahine mai: B
4. No laila, hiki i nā keiki ke loaʻa ka hui pū ʻana o AB.
5. No laila, he 100% ka manawa kūpono o kēlā me kēia o kā lāua mau keiki e loaʻa ke ʻano koko AB.
Nīnau 2: Hulu Moa
Nīnau: Ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi moa hulu ʻeleʻele (BB) me kahi moa hulu keʻokeʻo (WW). He aha ke kala o ka hulu o nā moa, inā he mau alleles codominant ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo?
Kūkākūkā:
1. E ʻike i nā genotypes o nā mākua:
– Moa hulu ʻeleʻele: BB
– Moa hulu keʻokeʻo: WW
2. I loko o nā moa (nā keiki F1), e hoʻoilina lākou i hoʻokahi allele mai kēlā me kēia makua.
3. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana no nā moa penei:
– Mai ka moa ʻeleʻele mai: B
– Mai ka moa keʻokeʻo: W
4. E loaʻa i ka moa ke ʻano BW, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano hui ʻia (nā hulu ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo i kiko ʻia a i ʻole "kiko ʻia").
5. No laila, e loaʻa i nā moa F1 āpau nā hulu BW.
Nīnau 3: Waihoʻoluʻu Mea Kanu
Nīnau: I loko o nā mea kanu rose, ʻo ka allele ʻulaʻula (R) a me ka allele keʻokeʻo (W) he codominant. Inā pili kahi mea kanu ʻulaʻula me kahi mea kanu keʻokeʻo, he aha ke kala o nā pua e hoʻopuka ai kā lākou hua?
Kūkākūkā:
1. Ke ʻike ʻana i nā genotypes:
– Mea kanu ʻulaʻula: RR
– Nā mea kanu keʻokeʻo: WW
2. ʻO ka hua o nā mea kanu (hua F1) penei:
– Mai ka mea kanu ʻulaʻula mai: R
– Mai nā mea kanu keʻokeʻo: W
3. ʻO ka hua i loaʻa ka genotype RW nāna e hoʻoulu i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā phenotypes i hui pū ʻia (e.g. nā pua me ke ʻano ʻulaʻula a me ke keʻokeʻo).
4. No laila, ʻo nā hua a pau mai kēia keʻa e loaʻa i nā pua ʻulaʻula-keʻokeʻo i hui pū ʻia.
Ka hopena
Ma o nā hiʻohiʻona ma luna, hiki iā kākou ke ʻike pehea e pili ai ke kumumanaʻo o ka codominance i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hāʻawi ka Codominance i nā ʻano hoihoi i ke ʻano ma o ka ʻae ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole e hōʻike ʻia i ka manawa like i loko o kahi meaola. Hoʻonui kēia i ka ʻokoʻa genetic a kōkua iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻano hoʻoilina i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o ka dominance maʻalahi. ʻAʻole wale ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka codominance he mea nui i ke aʻo ʻana i ka biology a me ka genetics akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i ka ʻike i ke ʻano o ka hoʻoilina ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, me nā kānaka.
No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kou ʻike hohonu o ke codominance, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo e hana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā laʻana e pili ana i nā ʻano codominant like ʻole. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā manaʻo a hōʻoia e hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili i kēia mau loina i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ke codominance kekahi ʻāpana o kahi ākea ākea o nā ʻano hoʻoilina genetic, a ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻano, loaʻa iā mākou kahi kiʻi holoʻokoʻa o ke kupanaha o ka loli o ke ola.
