Laʻana o nā nīnau kūkākūkā ma Atavism
He hanana olaola hoihoi ka Atavism kahi e ʻike hou ʻia ai nā ʻano kūpuna i nalowale i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana i nā mamo mamao. Loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo mai ka huaʻōlelo Latina "atavus," ʻo ia hoʻi "kūpuna" a i ʻole "kūpuna." Hāʻawi ka Atavism i nā ʻike hohonu i nā ʻano hana a me nā dinamika o ka ulu ʻana, a pehea e hiki ai i kekahi mau genes ke ʻike hou ʻia ma hope o ka nalowale ʻana no nā hanauna he nui.
Hoʻolauna i ka Atavism
Ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia nā atavism he puka makani i ka wā i hala o ka ulu ʻana o kahi ʻano. ʻO kahi laʻana maʻamau o ka atavism ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā wāwae keu i loko o nā lio, kahi ʻano kino i nalowale i ka wā i hoʻololi ai ko lākou mau kūpuna mamao mai nā wāwae he nui a i nā wāwae ʻehā. ʻO nā laʻana ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā kānaka i hānau ʻia me nā huelo liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā mammals hou e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano kino e like me nā reptile prehistoric.
He kumuhana hoihoi kēia hanana i ke aʻo ʻana i ka biology evolutionary a me ka genetics, ʻoiai e hoʻokūkū ana i ko mākou ʻike pehea e hoʻoilina ʻia ai a hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻano genetic. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i kekahi mau laʻana a me nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka atavism e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike maikaʻi aʻe.
Nā Nīnau Laʻana a me ke Kūkākūkā
Nīnau 1:
E wehewehe pehea e hiki ai i nā atavism ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala evolutionary o kahi ʻano kikoʻī.
Kūkākūkā:
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā atavism me nā "fossils ola" e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike e pili ana i nā kūpuna mamao o kahi ʻano. Ke ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano atavistic, hōʻike ia e loaʻa mau ana ka gene e hoʻopili ana i kēlā ʻano i loko o ka DNA o ka ʻano, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he hana. ʻO ke alo o kēia gene e hōʻike ana i kekahi manawa i ka mōʻaukala evolutionary, ua hāʻawi paha ke ʻano i kahi pono adaptive, a i ʻole ʻo kona nalowale e hōʻike ana i kahi loli koʻikoʻi i ka ecology a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka ʻano.
Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻo ke ʻano o nā niho ʻīlio nui i loko o kekahi poʻe kānaka o kēia au e hōʻike ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i ko kākou mau kūpuna hominid, ka poʻe paha i pono ia mea no ka hahai holoholona a i ʻole ka pale ʻana. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana pehea a me ka wā i nalowale ai kēlā ʻano hiki ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike i nā loli o ke kaiapuni a i ʻole ka nohona i hoʻohuli i ka ulu ʻana o ke kanaka.
Nīnau 2:
E inoa i hoʻokahi laʻana o ka atavism i loko o ke kanaka a wehewehe i kona ʻano hana.
Kūkākūkā:
ʻO kahi laʻana o ka atavism i loko o ke kanaka ka hānau ʻana o kahi huelo vestigial. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻohe huelo o nā kānaka o kēia au, ua nalowale ke ʻano i ko mākou ulu ʻana mai nā kūpuna i makemake paha iā ia no ke kaulike a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana i loko o kahi ʻano arboreal. Eia nō naʻe, ua hānau ʻia kekahi mau pēpē me kahi ʻano huelo i haku ʻia me ka ʻiʻo adipose, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā aʻalolo.
ʻO ke ʻano ma hope o kēia, ʻo ia ka hōʻike maʻamau ʻole o nā genes hana ʻole a hoʻopau paha ma muli o nā mutations a i ʻole nā mea epigenetic. I ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano i lawelawe paha i nā hana koʻikoʻi i nā kūpuna no ka mea ʻaʻole i pio loa nā genes e hoʻopili ana i kēlā mau ʻano. Hiki ke hana kēia ma muli o nā mutations genetic e hoʻoulu ai i nā loli i ka mana epigenetic o nā genes i hoʻopilikia ʻia.
Nīnau 3:
No ke aha i ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā atavisms i nā heluna kanaka o kēia au, ʻoiai ke ʻano o nā genes e mau nei?
Kūkākūkā:
He mea kākaʻikahi nā atavism no ka mea ʻo ke koho kūlohelohe a me nā ʻano hoʻoponopono genetic e mālama i ka hana gene e like me nā pono hana o ke kanaka i kona wahi o kēia manawa. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā genes e pili ana i nā ʻano atavistic e mālama ʻia i kahi kūlana paʻa o ka hana ʻole, ma o ka kaohi epigenetic paʻa a i ʻole ke koho ʻana e kūʻē i nā mutations e hiki ke hana i kēlā ʻano hōʻike.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka puka ʻana mai o nā ʻano atavistic he mea hoʻololi pinepine ia i nā ʻano kaiapuni o kēia au a hiki ke pili pū me nā pilikia olakino a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana. No laila, ʻo ke koho kūlohelohe e kāohi i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā ʻano i loko o nā kānaka i loko o ka heluna kanaka.
I loko o kahi pōʻaiapili hoʻoilina, ʻoiai e mau ana nā genes e pili ana i nā ʻano atavistic, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia paha i ke ʻano e hoʻēmi ʻia ai ka hiki ke ʻike hou ʻia ke ʻano.
Nīnau 4:
Pehea e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā atavisms i ka noiʻi biomedical a me ka genetic?
Kūkākūkā:
Hāʻawi nā Atavisms i nā manawa kūikawā i ka noiʻi biomedical a me ka genetic ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālike kūlohelohe o ke ʻano o ka loli genetic a me nā mutations e hiki ai ke hoʻohuli i ka ulu ʻana o nā phenotypes. Hiki i ke aʻo ʻana i nā atavisms ke kōkua i nā ʻepekema e hoʻomaopopo i nā maʻi hoʻomohala, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano hana ʻenekinia genetic, a noiʻi pū i nā ʻano maʻi e pili ana me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka gene kūpono ʻole.
Eia kekahi laʻana, ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā hihia o ke kanaka i hānau ʻia me nā huelo vestigial a i ʻole nā hiʻohiʻona atavistic ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke aʻo pehea e hiki ai ke mālama ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia paha ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o nā gene i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke olakino kanaka. Hiki i kēia ke pili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau gene hou a i ʻole nā ʻano therapeutic e pili ana i ka epigenetic i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, e kuhikuhi ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā gene maʻamau e pili ana i ka maʻi.
Ka hopena
Hōʻike nā Atavism i ka paʻakikī a me ke kupanaha o ka biodiversity. ʻOiai he mea kakaikahi, hāʻawi kēia mau hanana i nā ʻike koʻikoʻi i ko kākou kumu olaola a me nā ʻano hana o ka ulu ʻana. Ma o ke aʻo ʻana i nā atavism, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka puka ʻana a me ka nalo ʻana o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i nā heluna kanaka i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, akā loaʻa pū kekahi ʻike e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka hana hou lapaʻau a me ka noiʻi genetic hou loa. ʻAʻole wale ka Atavism e pili ana i ka huakaʻi i ka wā i hala, akā e pili ana hoʻi i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana pehea e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻohālike i ka wā e hiki mai ana me kēlā ʻike.
