Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā nīnau momentum a me impulse

11 mau laʻana o nā nīnau Momentum a me Impulse

1. Ua kiola ʻia kahi pōpō me ke kaumaha o 0,2 kg ma ka wikiwiki o 10 m/s a ku i ka paia, a laila lele hou ka pōpō i ka wikiwiki like. ʻO ka loli o ka momentum o ka pōpō...
Pahana

2. He pōpō me ke kaumaha o 10 grams hāʻule manuahi mai kekahi kiʻekiʻe, kuʻi i ka papahele ma ka wikiwiki o 15 m/s a laila lele i luna ma ka wikiwiki o 10 m/s. E hoʻoholo i ka impulse!
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Ka nuipa pōpō (m) = 10 grams = 0,01 kg
Ka wikiwiki mua o ka pōpō (v_o) = -15 m/s
Ka wikiwiki hope loa o ka pōpō (v_t) = 10 m/s
Ua nīnau ʻia : Hoʻoikaika (I)
Pane :
Haʻilula Theorem ka ikaika hoʻoikaika :
ʻO ka nui o ka impulse:
ʻO I = 0,01 (10 – (-15)) = 0,01 (10 + 15)
ʻO wau = 0,01 (25)
ʻO I = 0,25 kg m/s

3. Ua kiola ʻia kahi pōpō 200-gram ma ka ʻaoʻao ākea ma ka wikiwiki o 4 m/s, a laila ua kuʻi ʻia ka pōpō ma ke kuhikuhi like me ka hopena mua o ka pōpō. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka pōpō me ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa he 2 milliseconds, a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa he 12 m/s. ʻO ka nui o ka ikaika i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma ka pōpō…
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Ka nuipa pōpō (m) = 200 grams = 0,2 kg
Ka wikiwiki mua o ka pōpō (v_o) = 4 m/s
Ka wikiwiki hope loa o ka pōpō (v_t) = 12 m/s
Ka manawa pili (t) = 2 milliseconds = (2/1000) kekona = 0,002 kekona
Ua nīnau ʻia : Ka nui o ka ikaika (F)
Pane :
Haʻilula hoʻoikaika:
ʻO wau = Ft
ʻAno hoʻololi momentum:
mv_t – mv_o = m (v_t - v_o)
ʻO ke ʻano o ka manaʻo hoʻoikaika-momentum :
ʻO ka ikaika i hoʻokau ʻia e ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma luna o ka pōpō he 800 Newtons.

4. Ua kiola ʻia kahi pōpō me ke kaumaha o 20 grams i ka wikiwiki o v₁ = 4 ms^-1 i ka hema. Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka paia, lele ka pōpō i ka wikiwiki o v₂ = 2 ms^-1 i ka ʻākau. ʻO ka nui o ka impulse i hana ʻia….

A. 0,24 Ns
B. 0,12 Ns
C. 0,08 Ns
D. 0,06 Ns
E. 0,04 Ns

Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
Ka nuipa pōpō (m) = 20 grams = 0,020 kg
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v)_o) = -4 m/s (ma ka hema)
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v)_t) = +2 m/s (ma ka ʻākau)
v_o ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale i kona kuhikuhi mai vt.
Nīnau ʻia: Impulse
Pane:
Impulse (I) = loli o ka momentum (Δp) = mv_t – mv_o
Impulse (I) = m (v_t - v_o) = 0,02 (2 – (-4))
Ka Impulse (I) = 0,02 (2 + 4) = 0,02 (6)
Impulse (I) = 0,12 Newton kekona.
ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

5. Hōʻike ke kiʻi ma lalo nei i ʻelua mau pōpō A (nuipa = 2 kg) a me ka pōpō B (nuipa = 5 kg) ma mua a ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana. Inā he elastic kūpono ke kuʻi ʻana, a laila ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana he….

A. 12 ms^-1

B. 10 ms ^-1

C. 5 ms ^-1

D. 4 ms ^-1

E. 2 ms ^-1

Pahana

Ua ʻike ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka pōpō A (m _A ) = 2 kg

Ka nuipa o ka pōpō B (m _B ) = 5 kg

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ) = 2 m/s

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ') = 5 m/s

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ') = 4 m/s

Neʻe nā pōpō ʻelua ma mua a ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka ʻākau no laila ua hāʻawi ʻia ka wikiwiki i kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi.

Nīnau: Ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A )

Pane:

E helu i ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano no ke kānāwai o ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum:

m_A v_A +m_B v_B = m_A v_A' + m_B v_B'

2(v _A ) + (5)(2) = (2)(5) + (5)(4)

2(v _A ) + 10 = 10 + 20

2(v _A ) + 10 = 30

2(v _A ) = 30 – 10

2(v _A ) = 20

v _A = 20/2

v _A = 10 m/s

ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

6. Neʻe nā mea A a me B e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi. Inā kū kahi kuʻi elastic kūpono a lilo ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i 15 ms ^-1 , a laila ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana he...

A. 2 ms^-1

B. 4 ms ^-1

C. 8 ms ^-1

D. 10 ms ^-1

E. 12 ms ^-1

Pahana

Ua ʻike ʻia:

Ka nuipa o ka mea A (m _A ) = 5 kg

Ka nuipa o ka mea B (m _B ) = 2 kg

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ) = 12 m/s

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ) = 10 m/s

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mea B ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _B ') = 15 m/s

Neʻe nā mea ʻelua ma mua a ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka ʻākau no laila ua hāʻawi ʻia ka wikiwiki i kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi.

Nīnau: ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka mea A ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ')

Pane:

E helu i ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō A ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana (v _A ) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano no ke kānāwai o ka mālama ʻana i ka momentum:

m_A v_A +m_B v_B = m_A v_A' + m_B v_B'

(5)(12) + (2)(10) = (5)v _A ' + (2)(15)

60 + 20 = (5)v _A ' + 30

80 = (5)v _A ' + 30

80 – 30 = (5)v _A '

50 = (5)v _A '

v _A ' = 50/5

v _A ' = 10 m/s

ʻO D ka pane pololei.

7. Hāʻule kūʻokoʻa kahi pōpō ping pong me ke kaumaha o 5 grams mai kahi kiʻekiʻe (g = 10 ms ^-2 ). Ke paʻi i ka papahele, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō he 6 ms ^-1 a ma hope koke iho o ke paʻi ʻana i ka papahele, lele ka pōpō i luna me ka wikiwiki o 4 ms ^-1 . ʻO ka nui o ka impulse e hana ana ma ka pōpō he...

A. 0,50 Ns
B. 0,25 Ns
C. 0,10 Ns
D. 0,05 Ns
E. 0,01 Ns

Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Ka nuipa pōpō (m) = 5 grams = 0,005 kg
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma mua pono o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka papahele (v)_o) = -6 m/s
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma hope koke iho o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka papahele (v)_t) = 4 m/s
ʻO ke ʻano o nā wikiwiki maikaʻi a me nā wikiwiki maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ke kuhikuhi o ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō a i ʻole ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōpō ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana he ʻokoʻa ia i ke kuhikuhi o ka neʻe ʻana o ka pōpō ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana.
Ua nīnau ʻia : Hoʻoikaika (I)
Pane :

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo impulse-momentum Nā mokuʻāina e pulse (ʻO wau) like me loli i ka ikaika (Δp).
ʻO I = Δp = mv_t – mv_o = m (v_t - v_o)
ʻO I = (0,005)(4 – (-6)) = (0,005)(4 + 6) = (0,005)(10) = 0,05 Newton kekona
ʻO D ka pane pololei.

8. Hāʻule kūʻokoʻa kahi pōpō me ke kaumaha o 0,5 kg mai kahi kiʻekiʻe h.₁ = 7,2 m ma luna o ka papahele a lele i ke kiʻekiʻe o h₂ = 3,2 m. Inā ʻo ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o ka honua = 10 ms^-2, ʻo ka impulse e hana ana ma ka pōpō he...
A. 2,0 Ns
B. 3,0 Ns
C. 10 Ns
D. 40 Ns
E. 80 Ns
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
Ka nuipa o ka pōpō (m) = 0,5 kg
Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōpō hāʻule manuahi (h)₁) = 7,2 mika
Ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōpō lele (h)₂) = 3,2 mika
Ka wikiwiki o ka umekaumaha o ka Honua (g) = 10 m/s²
Ua nīnau ʻia : Ka hana ʻana o ka impulse ma ka pōpō
Pane :
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma mua pono o ka hopena (v)_o)
E helu i ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma mua pono o ka pā ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hāʻule manuahi. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe (h) = 7,2 mika, ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi (g) = 10 m/s² a noi i ka wikiwiki hope loa ma mua o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka papahele, no laila e hoʻohana i ke ʻano hana v² = 2 gh
v_o² = 2(10)(7,2) = 144
v_o = 2(10)(7,2) = 12 m/s
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma mua o ka hopena (v)_o) he -12 m/s. Hōʻike wale ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole i ke kuhikuhi.
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma hope koke iho o ke kuʻi ʻana (v)_t)
E helu i ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma hope koke iho o ka pā ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano no ka neʻe ʻana i luna. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe (h) = 3,2 mika, ka wikiwiki ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi (g) = -10 m/s², ka wikiwiki hope loa ma ke kiʻekiʻe loa (v_t²) = 0 a ua noi koke ʻia ka wikiwiki mua ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana i ka papahele, no laila e hoʻohana i ke ʻano hana v_t² = v_o² + 2 gh
v_t² = v_o² + 2 gh
0 = v_o² + 2 (-10)(3,2)
v_o² = 64
v_o = √64 = 8 m/s
ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana (v)_t) he 8 m/s
Ka hana ʻana o ka impulse ma ka pōpō (I)
Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka impulse me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka impulse-momentum theorem.
Impulse (I) = ka loli o ka momentum (Δp)
ʻO wau = m (v_t - v_o) = (0,5)(8-(-12)) = (0,5)(8 + 12) = 0,5(20) = 10 Newton kekona
ʻO C ka pane pololei.

9. Ua kiola ʻia kahi pōpō 100-kalama ma ka ʻaoʻao pālahalaha ma ka wikiwiki o 5 m/s. A laila ua kuʻi ʻia ka pōpō ma ke kuhikuhi like me ke kumu. Inā pili ka pōpō me ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa no 2 ms a ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka pōpō ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa he 10 m/s, ʻo ka nui o ka ikaika i hoʻopuka ʻia e ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa he...
A. 200 N
B. 250 N
C. 300 N
D. 350 N
E. 400 N
Kūkākūkā:

Ua ʻike ʻia :
m = 100 grams = 0,1 kg
v_o = +5 m/s
t = 2 milisekona = 2 x 10^-3 ka lua
v_t = +10 m/s
Ua nīnau ʻia :
ʻO ka ikaika i hoʻokau ʻia e ka mea hahau ma luna o ka pōpō (F)?
Pane :
Haʻilula hoʻoikaika :
ʻO wau = Ft
ʻAno hoʻololi momentum :
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo impulse-momentum :
Impulse = ka loli o ka momentum

ʻO ka pane pololei ʻo B.

10. Ua kiola ʻia kahi pōpō me ke kaumaha o 0,1 kg ma ka ʻākau me ka wikiwiki o 20 m/s. Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻia ʻana, neʻe ka pōpō i ka hema me ka wikiwiki o 30 m/s. ʻO ka impulse i hāʻawi ʻia e ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka pōpō….
A. 4 N s
B. –4 N s
C. 5 N s
D. –5 N s
E. 10 N s
Kūkākūkā:
Ua ʻike ʻia :
m = 0,1 kg, v_o = +20 m/s, v_t = -30 m/s
Ua nīnau ʻia :
Manaʻo wikiwiki (I) ?
Pane :
Impulse = ka loli o ka momentum
ʻO wau = m (v_t - v_o) = (0,1)(-30 – 20) = (0,1)(-50) = -5 N s
ʻO D ka pane pololei.

11. Neʻe mua kahi kinipōpō 0,5 kg i ka hema ma ka wikiwiki o 2 m/s. A laila ua pā ʻia ka kinipōpō me ka ikaika F e kūʻē ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka kinipōpō, no laila e loli ka wikiwiki o ka kinipōpō i 5 m/s. Inā pili ka kinipōpō me ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa no 0,01 kekona, ʻo ka loli o ka momentum...
A. 8,0 kg m/s
B. 6,5 kg m/s
C. 5,5 kg m/s
D. 3,5 kg m/s
E. 2,5 kg m/s
Kūkākūkā:
Ua ʻike ʻia :
m = 0,5 kg, v_o = -2 m/s, v_t = 5 m/s, t = 0,01 kekona
Ua nīnau ʻia :
Ka loli o ka momentum?
Pane :
Ka loli o ka momentum = m (v_t - v_o) = (0,5)(5 – (-2)) = (0,5)(7) = 3,5 kg m/s = 3,5 N s
ʻO D ka pane pololei.