E aʻo i nā pilikia hoʻohālike o ka hoʻopilikia a me ka diffraction o ka mālamalama - hoʻokahi slit , a laila e hana ma luna o nā pilikia o ka hoʻopilikia a me ka diffraction o ka mālamalama.
1. ʻO ke kukui nona ka nalu o 700 nm e hele ana ma o kahi ʻāpana me ka laulā o 0,2 mm. Aia ke ʻano diffraction ma ka pale ma kahi mamao o 50 cm mai ka ʻāpana. E hoʻoholo i ka mamao ma waena o ka laina ʻeleʻele ʻelua a me ka laina kukui nui.
Pahana
Nīnau ʻia: y?
Pane:
He liʻiliʻi loa ka laulā o ka ʻoki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻoki a me ka pale (ma ke kiʻi ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o ka ʻoki) no laila he liʻiliʻi loa ke kihi. He liʻiliʻi loa ke kihi a kokoke ka waiwai o sin theta i ka waiwai o tangent theta.
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka laina ʻālohilohi nui a me ka lua o ka laina ʻeleʻele he 3,5 millimeters.
2. Hoʻomālamalama ʻia kahi ʻāpana hoʻokahi me ka laulā o 0,1 mm e ke kukui monochromatic a ma kahi pale he 4 mika mai ka ʻāpana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā laina like ʻole, ʻālohilohi a me ka pouli, ma muli o ka diffraction. Inā he 16 mm ka mamao ma waena o ka laina pouli ʻelua a me ka laina ʻālohilohi nui, e hoʻoholo i ka nalu o ke kukui!
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia:
d = 0,1 mm = 0,0001 m = 1 x 10-4 m
l = 4 mika
n = 2
y = 16 mm = 16 x 10-3 m
Nīnau ʻia: he aha ka nalu o ke kukui?
Pane:
Ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ke kukui = 200 nanometers
3. E nānā i ke kiʻi ma lalo!
Kaawale hoʻokahi Ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia kahi kukui S he 0,2 mm ka laulā e kahi kukuna kukui like me λ = 500 nm (1 nm = 10-9 m). Ua hopu ʻia ke ʻano diffraction hopena ma kahi pale 60 cm mai ka ʻoki. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka laina ʻeleʻele ʻelua a me ka laina mālamalama waena…
A. 3,0 mm
B. 3,6 mm
C. 4,8 mm
D. 5,8 mm
E. 6,0 mm
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
λ = 500 nm = 500 x 10-9 m = 5 x 10-7 m
d = 0,2 mm = 0,2 x 10-3 m = 2 x 10-4 m
l = 60 kenimika = 0,6 m
n = 2
Ua nīnau ʻia ʻAe, ʻeā?
Pane :
He liʻiliʻi loa ka laulā o ka ʻoki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻoki a me ka pale no laila he liʻiliʻi loa ke kihi (ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o ka ʻoki ma ke kiʻi ma luna). He liʻiliʻi loa ke kihi no laila ʻo ka waiwai o ka sin ʻanakē tangent e hoʻokokoke ana ʻanakē.
hewa θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = y / 0,6
ʻO ke ʻano diffraction slit hoʻokahi (ka palena iki):
d sin θ = n λ
(2x10-4)(y/0,6) = (2)(5 x 10-7)
(2x10-4) y = (0,6)(10 x 10-7)
(2x10-4) y = 6 x 10-7
y = (6 x 10-7) / (2 x 10-4)
y = 3 x 10-3
y = 0,003 mika
y = 3 millimeters
ʻO A ka pane pololei.
4. ʻO kahi kukuna o ke kukui monochromatic me ka nalu o 5000 Å (1 Å = 10 −10 m) e hele ana ma kahi ʻāpana hoʻokahi e hana i kahi ʻano diffraction ʻālohilohi mua e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi. ʻO ka laulā o ka ʻāpana…
A. 0,001 mm
B. 0,004 mm
C. 0,012 mm
D. 0,017 mm
E. 0,019 mm
Pahana
Ua ʻike ʻia :
λ = 5000 Å = 5000 x 10-10 m = 5 x 10-7 m
hewa 30o = 0,5
n = 1
Ua nīnau ʻia : ka laulā o ke kaʻawale (d) ?
Pane :
d sin θ = n λ
d (0,5) = (1)(5 x 10-7)
d = (5 x 10-7) / (0,5)
d = 10 x 10-7 m
d = 1 x 10-6 m
d = 1 x 10-3 mm
d = 0,001 mm
ʻO A ka pane pololei.
Ke komo ʻana a me ka diffraction o ka mālamalama - hoʻokahi slit
1. Ua hoʻomālamalama ʻia kahi ʻāpana me ka laulā o 0,5 mm e ke kukui nona ka nalu = 650 nm. Aia ke ʻano diffraction ma ka pale ma kahi mamao o 50 cm mai ka ʻāpana. E hoʻoholo i ka mamao ma waena o ka laina ʻeleʻele ʻelua a me ka laina kukui nui.
2. Hoʻomālamalama ʻia kahi ʻāpana hoʻokahi me ka laulā o 0,4 mm e ke kukui monochromatic a ma kahi pale he 2 mika mai ka diffraction grating, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano diffraction mālamalama a me ka pouli. Inā he 20 mm ka mamao ma waena o ke kolu o ka laina pouli a me ka laina mālamalama nui, e hoʻoholo i ka nalu o ke kukui!
