Pythagoras da Falsafar Lissafi
Pythagoras sanannen masanin falsafa ne kuma masanin lissafi na Girka, wanda galibi ana ɗaukarsa uban falsafar lambobi. An haife shi ne a kusan shekara ta 570 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) a tsibirin Samos na ƙasar Girka, kuma ya mutu a kusan shekara ta 495 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS). An san Pythagoras da fannoni da yawa na tunani da aikinsa, amma ɗaya daga cikin mafi shahara shine gudummawarsa ga lissafi da, musamman, ka'idar lamba. Wannan labarin zai yi nazari mai zurfi game da Pythagoras da falsafar lambobi, dalilin da ya sa da kuma yadda lambobi suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a ra'ayin Pythagoras game da duniya, da kuma gadon falsafa da lissafi, wanda har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a yau.
Rayuwa da Tarihin Pythagoras
An haifi Pythagoras a Samos, amma ya yi tafiye-tafiye masu yawa zuwa wurare kamar Masar da Babila. A lokacin tafiye-tafiyensa, ya yi karatun fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da lissafi, ilmin taurari, da falsafa. Daga ƙarshe, Pythagoras ya zauna a Croton (yanzu yana kudancin Italiya), inda ya kafa wata al'umma ta addini da falsafa da aka sani da Pythagorean Sect.
Wannan al'umma ba wai kawai makaranta ba ce, har ma da ƙungiyar 'yan'uwa masu tsari da ƙa'idodi na musamman. Membobin suna bin ƙa'idodin abinci da salon rayuwa masu tsauri kuma suna da zurfin imani game da rashin mutuwa na rai da sake haihuwa. Suna kuma dagewa wajen bincika alaƙar sihiri da lissafi a cikin sararin samaniya.
Falsafar Pythagorean da Ra'ayin Lambobi
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gudummawar da Pythagoras ya bayar ita ce ra'ayin cewa lamba ita ce tushen komai kuma cewa duniya tana ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin lissafi. Pythagoras da mabiyansa sun yi imanin cewa za a iya bayyana komai ta hanyar lambobi da alaƙar lambobi. Wannan ra'ayi shine zuciyar abin da ake kira "falsafar lambobi" ta Pythagorean.
Manyan Ka'idojin Falsafar Lambobi
1. Lambobi a matsayin Jigon Komai:
Pythagoreans sun koyar da cewa lambobi su ne ainihin ma'anar sararin samaniya. Misali, sun gano cewa ana iya bayyana dangantakar kiɗa ta hanyar rabon lambobi gaba ɗaya. A cikin bincikensa na igiyoyi masu girgiza, Pythagoras ya gano cewa tazara tsakanin sauti da sauti suna bayyana a cikin rabo mai sauƙi - kamar 1:2 (octave), 2:3 (quint), da 3:4 (quart). Wannan ya nuna cewa lambobi ba wai kawai kayan aikin lissafi bane, har ma da tushen jituwa da kyau a yanayi.
2. Rashin iyaka da Dogaro da Lambobi:
Pythagoras ya kuma bincika ra'ayin rashin iyaka dangane da lambobi. Lambobin hankali (wanda za a iya bayyana su a matsayin ɓangarorin lambobi biyu cikakke) sun ƙunshi lambobi da yawa waɗanda, a cikin tunanin Pythagorean, suna da jituwa. Duk da haka, sun kuma gano cewa akwai lambobi waɗanda ba za a iya bayyana su ta hanyar rabo ba, waɗanda aka sani da lambobi marasa hankali. Wannan gano ya lalata imaninsu game da tsari na lambobi da tsari na duniya, yana bayyana zurfin rikitarwa na sararin samaniya.
Ka'idar Pythagorean
Ka'idar Pythagorean, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun gudummawar lissafi na Pythagoras, ta bayyana cewa a cikin alwatika mai dama, murabba'in tsawon hypotenuse yayi daidai da jimlar murabba'in tsawon sauran ƙafafu biyu. Ana iya tsara wannan kamar haka:
a² + b² = c²,
inda 'c' shine tsawon hypotenuse da kuma 'a' da 'b' sune tsawon ƙafafu biyu da suka samar da kusurwar dama.
Wannan ka'idar ba wai kawai wani muhimmin sakamako ne na lissafi ba, har ma da wata alama ce ta imanin Pythagorean cewa lambobi da alaƙar lambobi su ne ainihin jigon sararin samaniya. A cikin tsarin Pythagorean, wannan ka'idar ta haɗa yanayin lissafi da lissafi, tana kwatanta yadda lambobi ke tsara tsarin sararin samaniya na zahiri.
Pythagoreanism: Al'umma da Sirri
Pythagoreanism ba wai kawai wani tsari ne na ka'idojin lissafi da falsafa ba, har ma da motsi na ruhaniya da al'umma ta addini. Membobin al'ummar Pythagorean sun bi ƙa'idodi na musamman, gami da cin ganyayyaki da ƙa'idodi game da tsarki, da kuma ƙarshen ɗabi'unsu.
Addinin Pythagorean
An kuma san Pythagoras da wani sihiri. Mabiyansa sun yi imani cewa rai halitta ce da ba ta mutuwa wadda ke fuskantar jerin sake haihuwa kuma rayuwa ta yau da kullun da ta ibada za ta iya tsarkake rai daga mugunta ta kuma ɗaga ta zuwa wani matsayi mafi girma na rayuwa. Ana tsammanin lambobi da alaƙarsu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin sararin samaniya da na ruhaniya.
Pythagoras ya kuma koyar da cewa komai yana da "nomos," ko kuma dokar halitta , wadda za a iya fahimta ta hanyar nazarin lambobi da rabo. Misali, a fannin fasaha da kiɗa, Pythagoreans sun yi amfani da ka'idodin lissafi don neman jituwa da tsari.
Tarihin Pythagoras a Lissafi da Falsafa
Gadon Pythagoras yana da faɗi sosai, wanda ya ƙunshi fannoni da yawa fiye da lissafi. Falsafarsa ta lamba a matsayin tushen komai ta yi tasiri ga tunanin falsafa da kimiyya na gaba.
Tasiri a Lissafi
Yawancin sakamako da ka'idoji da Pythagoras da mabiyansa suka fara gano ko suka yi nazari a kansu sun zama tushen ci gaba da nazarin lissafi. Ka'idar Pythagorean ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ka'idoji na lissafi kuma har yanzu ana koyar da ita a duk faɗin duniya.
Tasiri a Falsafa
Pythagoras ya yi tasiri ga manyan masana falsafa da yawa, ciki har da Plato da Aristotle. Musamman Plato, ya yi mamakin ra'ayoyin Pythagoras game da lambobi da jituwa ta sararin samaniya kuma ya haɗa su cikin falsafarsa. Ra'ayin Plato na "duniyar ra'ayoyi," wanda a cikinsa za a iya fahimtar gaskiya ta gaskiya ta hanyar ilimi tsantsa ba ta hanyar fahimtar ji ba, ya samo asali ne daga ra'ayin Pythagoras na lamba da lissafi a matsayin mabuɗin fahimtar sararin samaniya.
Kiɗa da Jituwa
Gudummawar Pythagoras ga ka'idar kiɗa suma sun kasance masu mahimmanci. Yawancin ƙa'idodin asali na ka'idar kiɗa ta Yamma sun dogara ne akan binciken Pythagoras game da alaƙar lambobi da jituwa. Ra'ayin cewa ana iya tsara kiɗa bisa ga ƙa'idodin lissafi ya ci gaba a ka'idar kiɗa har zuwa yau.
Kammalawa
Pythagoras da falsafar lamba ba za a iya raba su da tarihin lissafi da falsafar Yamma ba. Tare da koyarwarsa kan ainihin lamba da jituwa ta duniya, Pythagoras ya bar gado wanda ya wuce fannoni da lokaci. Daga ka'idojin lissafi na asali zuwa ra'ayoyin sihiri na sararin samaniya, ƙa'idodin Pythagoras sun kasance masu dacewa a fannoni da yawa na karatu da aiki.
Idan muka yi nazarin lissafi ko kuma muka yi la'akari da kyawun sararin samaniya, sau da yawa muna komawa ga ƙa'idodin asali waɗanda Pythagoras da al'ummarsa suka fara tsarawa. A wannan ma'anar, Pythagoras da falsafar lamba muhimmin gada ne tsakanin lissafi da falsafa, yana tunatar da mu cewa duniya, tare da dukkan jituwa da kyawunta, wani sirri ne da ke jiran a yi bayani a kansa ta hanyar lambobi da rabon da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin samanta.
