Isenzakalo Sokuxhashazwa Ngokombono Wezenhlalo
Ukuxhashazwa kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi emphakathini eye yadonsela ukunaka okukhulu kososayensi bezenhlalo, othisha, kanye nabenzi benqubomgomo. Kuhilela ukuziphatha okunolaka okuphindaphindiwe okuhloselwe ukulimaza noma ukubusa omunye umuntu obhekwa njengobuthakathaka. Nakuba kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezimo zesikole, ukuxhashazwa kudlulela ngale kwezikhungo zemfundo kuya ezindaweni zokusebenza, emiphakathini, ngisho nasezindaweni ezingokoqobo. Ukuqonda ukuxhashazwa ngokombono wezenhlalo kuhilela ukuhlola izimpande zako, amandla, imiphumela, kanye nokungenelela okungenzeka ngaphakathi komongo obanzi wezakhiwo zomphakathi kanye nezindinganiso zamasiko.
Umongo Womlando Wokuxhashazwa
Ngokomlando, ukuxhashazwa bekukhona ngezindlela ezahlukene kuwo wonke amasiko nemiphakathi. Ezindaweni zendabuko, izinhlobo zokuxhashazwa kungenzeka ukuthi zazibonakala ezikhundleni ezikoleni, emafektri, nasemayunithi ezempi lapho amandla omzimba noma isimo senhlalo sadlala indima ebalulekile. Umphakathi uvame ukungakunaki ukuxhashazwa, ukukubheka njengengxenye "evamile" yokukhula noma isiko lokukhula.
Kodwa-ke, ingxenye yokugcina yekhulu lama-20 yabona ushintsho olukhulu njengoba abacwaningi beqala ukuqaphela ukuxhashazwa njengenkinga enkulu yomphakathi. Izifundo ezisekelwe ebufakazini ziqokomisa imiphumela emibi yokuxhashazwa kubantu abahlukunyezwayo, abavame ukubhekana nokulimala kwengqondo kwesikhathi eside, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ngisho nokuthambekela kokuzibulala. Ubufakazi obandayo buvuselele inkulumo ngokuxhashazwa, buyibeka hhayi nje njengokuphambuka komuntu ngamunye kodwa njengokubonakaliswa kwezinkinga zomphakathi nezakhiwo ezibanzi.
Imibono Yezenhlalo Nokuxhashazwa
Imibono eminingana yezenhlalo inikeza uhlaka lokuqonda ukuxhashazwa.
Ukusebenza Kwesakhiwo
Ngokombono wesakhiwo-ukusebenza, ukuxhashazwa kungabonakala njengokungasebenzi kahle ezikhungweni zomphakathi. Abantu abasebenzisa izakhiwo babheka umphakathi njengohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi olunezingxenye ezisebenzisanayo ukukhuthaza ukuzinza nokuhleleka komphakathi. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, ukuxhashazwa kuphazamisa ukuvumelana komphakathi, okubonisa ukuwohloka kwekhono lesikhungo lokuxhumana nabantu ngendlela efanele. Izikole ezihluleka ukubandakanya bonke abafundi noma izindawo zokusebenza ngempumelelo ngezigaba eziqinile zingase zidale izindawo lapho ukuziphatha kokuxhashazwa kukhula khona.
Imfundiso Yokungqubuzana
Ithiyori yokungqubuzana, ethathwe emsebenzini kaKarl Marx, inikeza elinye icebo lokuhlola ukuxhashazwa. Lo mbono ugcizelela amandla kanye nokungalingani kwezenhlalo, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kuwukubonakaliswa kwemibango ebanzi yamandla. Ezindaweni ezibonakala ngokungalingani okukhulu, njengezikole ezinokungalingani okukhulu kwesimo senhlalo noma ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinobudlelwano bamandla obuphezulu, ukuxhashazwa kungaba yindlela yokuthi abantu noma amaqembu anamandla kakhulu aqhubeke nokubusa kwawo. Ukuxhashazwa, kulo mongo, kuqinisa futhi kuqhubekisele phambili amazinga okungalingani kwezenhlalo akhona.
Ukusebenzisana Okungokomfanekiso
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenzisana okungokomfanekiso kusiza ukuqonda ukusebenzisana kwezinga elincane okufaka isandla ekuxhashazweni. Lo mbono ugxile ezincazelweni nasekuchazeni abantu abakunikeza ekusebenzisaneni komphakathi. Ukuxhashazwa kungabonakala njengokuziphatha okufundiwe lapho abantu bathatha khona izindima zobudlova ngokusekelwe ezicini zomphakathi kanye nokusebenzisana. Ukuqinisana kontanga, ukuqinisekiswa komphakathi kokuziphatha kobudlova, kanye nokucwaswa kwezisulu kunegalelo ekuboneni ukuxhashazwa. Lo mbono ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokushintsha imibono nokuxhumana komphakathi ukuze kulwiwe nokuxhashazwa ngempumelelo.
Amandla Okuxhashazwa
Ubunikazi kanye Nokuguquguquka Kweqembu
Ukuhlukumeza kuvame ukugxila ekuzibonakaliseni nasekushintsheni kweqembu. Izazi zezenhlalo ziphawule ukuthi abahlukumezi bavame ukuhlasela abantu abaphambukayo ezindinganisweni zeqembu, kungaba ngenxa yohlanga, ubulili, ubulili, isimo sezenhlalo nezomnotho, noma ezinye izihlonzi. Izingcindezi zokuhambisana neqembu kanye nesifiso sokwamukelwa emphakathini zishukumisa abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ekuhlukumezweni ukuze bathuthukise ukuma kwabo emphakathini.
Ukuxhaphazwa kwe-Cyberbullying
Ukufika kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kuye kwaletha isici esisha enkambisweni yokuxhashazwa: ukuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi. Ngokungafani nokuxhashazwa kwendabuko, ukuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi kudlula imingcele engokwenyama, kunika amandla abenzi bokubi ukuxhashazwa ngokungaziwa futhi ubusuku nemini. Ngokwezenhlalo, lolu shintsho luphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokushintsha kokuxhumana komphakathi kanye nezinselele zokuphoqelela izindinganiso zomphakathi ezindaweni ezingokoqobo. Ukungaziwa kwe-inthanethi kwandisa ukungezwani phakathi komenzi wobubi nesisulu, okuvame ukuholela ezinhlotsheni ezimbi kakhulu zokuxhashazwa.
Umthelela Kwabahlukunyeziwe Nabenzi Bobubi
Imiphumela yokuxhashazwa idlulela ngale kokulimala ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo okusheshayo. Izisulu zivame ukubhekana nemiphumela yesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa izinkinga zempilo yengqondo, ukusebenza kabi kwezemfundo noma kobungcweti, kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo obungasebenzi kahle. Izazi zezenhlalo zigcizelela isidingo sokuqonda le miphumela ngaphakathi komongo wezinhlelo zokusekela umphakathi. Inethiwekhi yokusekela eqinile inganciphisa imiphumela emibi, kuyilapho ukuzihlukanisa nokuntuleka kokusekelwa kuyenza ibe mibi kakhulu.
Abenzi bobubi nabo abathinteki. Ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni kokuhlukumeza kungaba uphawu lwezinkinga eziyisisekelo ezifana nezingxabano zomndeni, izingcindezi zemfundo noma zomphakathi, noma ukuxhashazwa kwangaphambilini. Ngaphandle kokungenelela, laba bantu bangaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okungekuhle emphakathini, bephinda umjikelezo wobudlova nokubusa kwezinye izindawo zokuphila kwabo. Ukuqonda ukubili kokulimala - kokubili izisulu kanye nabenzi bobubi - kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasu okungenelela aphelele.
Amasu Okungenelela Nokuvimbela
Ukubhekana nokuxhashazwa kudinga izindlela eziningi ezihlose kokubili ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye kanye nezimo zesakhiwo. Ukuqonda kwezenhlalo kungasiza ngamasu okungenelela asebenzayo.
Izinqubomgomo Zesikole Nezindawo Zokusebenza
Ukusungula izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezicacile zokubhekana nokuxhashazwa kungadala indawo lapho ukuziphatha okunjalo kungabekezeleleki khona. Izikole nezindawo zokusebenza kufanele zisebenzise izinhlelo zokulwa nokuxhashazwa ezifundisa abantu ngemiphumela yokuxhashazwa futhi zikhuthaze ukubandakanywa kanye nenhlonipho. Ukuqeqeshwa okuvamile kanye nama-workshop kungaqinisa lezi zindinganiso futhi kukhuthaze ababukele ukuthi bangenelele.
Izinhlelo Zokusekela Eziphelele
Ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusekela eziphelele zezisulu kanye nabenzi bobubi kubalulekile. Ukwelulekwa kanye nokusekelwa kwezempilo yengqondo kungasiza izisulu ukuba zilulame ekuhluphekeni, kanti izinhlelo zokuvuselela abenzi bobubi zingabhekana nezinkinga eziyisisekelo futhi zikhuthaze ushintsho oluhle lokuziphatha. Ukubandakanya abazali, othisha, kanye nontanga ekudaleni izindawo zokusekela kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bazizwa bephephile futhi bebalulekile.
Ukuhlakulela Uzwela Namakhono Okuxhumana Nabantu
Izinhlelo zemfundo ezihlakulela uzwela, amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano zinganciphisa izehlakalo zokuxhashazwa. Ukukhuthaza ingxoxo evulekile mayelana nokuhlukahluka, ukwamukelwa, kanye nenhlonipho kusiza abantu ukuba baqonde futhi baqonde ukungezwani. Izinhlelo zokweluleka kontanga kanye namaphrojekthi okubambisana angakhuthaza ukuxhumana okuhle komphakathi futhi akhe umuzwa womphakathi.
Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ukuze Kube Noshintsho Oluhle
Esikhathini sedijithali, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze kube noshintsho oluhle kubalulekile. Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana nabantu kanye nezinkundla eziku-inthanethi zingasetshenziswa ukukhuthaza imikhankaso yokulwa nokuxhashazwa futhi zinikeze izinsiza kubantu abathintekayo ekuxhashazweni. Ukufundisa abantu ngokuziphatha okunesibopho ku-inthanethi kanye nokuba yisakhamuzi sedijithali kunganciphisa ukwanda kokuxhashazwa ku-inthanethi.
Isiphetho
Ukuxhashazwa, ngokombono wezenhlalo, kuyinto enezici eziningi ethonywa yizakhiwo zomphakathi, izindinganiso zamasiko, kanye nokusebenzisana kwabantu ngabanye. Ukuqonda ubunzima bayo kudinga ukuhlola ukusebenzisana kwamandla, ukuziphatha kweqembu, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela umphakathi. Ukubhekana nokuxhashazwa ngempumelelo kudinga amasu aphelele akhuthaza ukubandakanywa, uzwela, kanye nokusekelwa kokubili izisulu kanye nabenzi bokubi. Ngokukhuthaza izindawo ezibeka phambili inhlonipho kanye nokubambisana, singasebenza ekuqedeni ubhubhane lokuxhashazwa kanye nokukhulisa izindawo zomphakathi ezinempilo nezivumelanayo.
