Amaqembu Ezenhlalo Nezindlela Zawo Zokusebenza
Amaqembu ezenhlalo ayisisekelo ekusebenzisaneni kwabantu kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi. Akhiwa abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abasebenzisana futhi babelane ngezinhloso ezifanayo, izinkolelo, noma izintshisekelo. Ukuguquguquka kwala maqembu kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunezinhlangothi eziningi, kunegalelo elikhulu kokubili ekugcwalisekeni komuntu siqu kanye nokusebenza komphakathi. Lesi sihloko sihlola umhlaba oyinkimbinkimbi wamaqembu ezenhlalo, sihlola izinhlobo zawo, ukubaluleka kwawo, imibono yengqondo ewazungezile, kanye nomthelela wawo ekuziphatheni komuntu ngamunye kanye nokweqembu.
Izinhlobo Zamaqembu Omphakathi
Amaqembu omphakathi angahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe emvelweni wawo, imisebenzi yawo, kanye nokuhlala kwawo njalo. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kusiza ekwaziseni izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokuguquguquka kwazo.
1. Amaqembu Ayinhloko: Lawa amaqembu amancane, ahlangene, futhi ngokuvamile ahlala isikhathi eside. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi umndeni nabangane abaseduze. Amaqembu ayinhloko abonakala ngokuxhumana okuseduze, ubuso nobuso futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni ngokomzwelo nangokwenhlalo kwabantu.
2. Amaqembu Esibili: Lawa amaqembu amakhulu futhi angenabo ubuntu uma eqhathaniswa namaqembu ayisisekelo. Avame ukugxila emisebenzini futhi anqunyelwe isikhathi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izinhlangano zobungcweti, amakilasi, kanye namaqembu ezepolitiki. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaqembu esibili buhlelekile futhi abunabo ubuntu, bugxile emigomweni noma emisebenzini ethile.
3. Amaqembu Okubhekisela: La maqembu ahlinzeka ngezindinganiso kanye nezilinganiso abantu abangaziqhathanisa ngazo. Ngamaqembu okubhekisela, abantu banquma izindinganiso zomphakathi, izindinganiso, kanye nokuziphatha, okusiza ekwakheni ubuwena babo bomphakathi kanye nokuzazi.
4. Ngamaqembu kanye Namaqembu Angaphandle: La magama ahlukanisa phakathi kwamaqembu abantu abazizwa bengabawo (ngamaqembu) kanye nalabo abangabona (ngamaqembu angaphandle). Ukucwasa ngaphakathi kweqembu kungaholela ekuphathweni okukhethekile kanye nobumbano phakathi kwamalungu eqembu, kuyilapho izimo zengqondo zangaphandle kweqembu zingakhuthaza ukucwaswa kanye nokubandlululwa.
5. Amanethiwekhi Okuxhumana Nomphakathi: Lona umqondo obanzi, obhekisela ekuxhumaneni kwabantu ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi. Amanethiwekhi okuxhumana nomphakathi angathonya inhlalakahle yomuntu siqu, ukufinyelela izinsiza, kanye nokusabalala kolwazi.
Ukubaluleka Kwamaqembu Ezenhlalo
Amaqembu ezenhlalo abalulekile ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Anikeza amalungu ukwesekwa, ukuvikeleka, umuzwa wokuba yingxenye, kanye nokuzethemba. Amaqembu aphinde asize ekuxhumaneni nabantu, inqubo lapho abantu befunda futhi bafaka khona izindinganiso zomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu ezenhlalo abalulekile ekwahlukanisweni kwemisebenzi kanye nenhlangano emiphakathini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, enikela ekuhlelekeni komphakathi kanye nokuzinza.
Amaqembu ezenhlalo nawo asebenza njengezindlela zokushintsha komphakathi. Ukunyakaza kuvame ukuqala ngaphakathi kwamaqembu amancane, azinikele ahlanganyela imbangela efanayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunyakaza kunganda, kuthonye izindinganiso nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezibanzi.
Imibono Yengqondo Ngokusebenza Kwamaqembu
Imibono eminingana yezengqondo inikeza ukuqonda ngokuguquguquka kwamaqembu ezenhlalo. Le mibono iqokomisa ukuthi kungani abantu ngabanye bejoyina amaqembu, indlela abaziphatha ngayo ngaphakathi kwamaqembu, kanye nemiphumela yobulungu beqembu.
1. Ithiyori Yobunikazi Bomphakathi: Ephakanyiswe nguHenri Tajfel, le thiyori ithi abantu bathola ingxenye yomqondo wabo emaqenjini abakuwo. Ubunjalo beqembu obuqinile bungathuthukisa ukuzethemba. Kodwa-ke, kungaholela nasekuthandweni kweqembu kanye nokubandlululwa ngaphandle kweqembu.
2. Ubumbano Lweqembu: Lokhu kubhekisela ezibophweni ezibamba iqembu ndawonye. Amaqembu ahlangene kakhulu asebenza kahle kodwa athambekele ekucabangeni kweqembu, lapho isifiso sokuzwana sicindezela ukuphikisana nokucabanga okubucayi.
3. Ukusiza Abantu Emphakathini: Okwaqala ukucwaningwa nguNorman Triplett, ukusiza abantu emiphakathini kusikisela ukuthi ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye kungathuthuka uma kukhona abanye abantu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho imisebenzi iyinkimbinkimbi noma imisha, ukuba khona kwabanye abantu kungandisa ukukhathazeka futhi kuvimbele ukusebenza.
4. Ukuhambisana Nokulalela: Izifundo zikaSolomon Asch noStanley Milgram ngokulandelana zibonisa ukuthi ingcindezi yeqembu kanye negunya kungaholela kanjani ekuhambisaneni nasekulaleleni. Lokhu kuziphatha kusiza ekugcineni ukuvumelana nokusebenza kweqembu kodwa kungaholela nasezenzweni ezingezona ezokuziphatha.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamaqembu kanye Nokucabanga Kwamaqembu: Amaqembu ngezinye izikhathi avame ukwenza izinqumo eziqine kakhulu kunokuthambekela kokuqala kwamalungu awo (ukuhlukaniswa kwamaqembu). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucabanga kwamaqembu kulapho isifiso sokuzwana siphumela khona ekwenzeni izinqumo ezingenangqondo.
Umthelela Ekuziphatheni Komuntu Ngamunye Nokwabantu Bonke
Ithonya lamaqembu omphakathi ekuziphatheni komuntu ngamunye lijulile futhi lisakazekile. Ubulungu beqembu bungathinta ukuzethemba, ukuziphatha, izimo zengqondo, kanye nemibono. Isibonelo, abantu bavame ukulandela izindinganiso zeqembu ukuze bamukeleke, okungaholela ekuziphatheni okuhle njengokubambisana kanye nokusiza abanye kodwa nemiphumela emibi njengobandlululo nokuziphatha okungenasimilo.
Ngokubambisana, amaqembu angathuthukisa kokubili ukuziphatha okukhiqizayo nokubhubhisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqembu ahlangene angaqhuba ukusungula izinto ezintsha, asekele ukusebenza komphakathi ngemizamo ehlelekile, futhi alethe ushintsho emphakathini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi olubi, amaqembu angasakaza ulwazi olungelona iqiniso, akhuthaze ukucabanga kwamaqembu, futhi andise izingxabano.
Emphakathini wanamuhla, amaqembu omphakathi wedijithali kanye namanethiwekhi alethe izindlela ezintsha nezinkimbinkimbi. Amaqembu aku-inthanethi anganikeza ukwesekwa kanye nomphakathi kodwa futhi alethe izinselele ezifana nokuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokusabalala okusheshayo kolwazi olungalungile. Isikhathi sedijithali siphinde safiphaza imingcele phakathi kwamaqembu angaphakathi nangaphandle, sakha amakamelo okuxhumana aqinisa izinkolelo kanye nokucwasa okukhona.
Isiphetho
Amaqembu ezenhlalo kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo kuyingxenye ebalulekile emphakathini. Akha ubunjalo bomuntu ngamunye, athonya ukuziphatha, futhi anegalelo ekubambisaneni nasekusebenzeni komphakathi. Ukuqonda izinhlobo, ukubaluleka, kanye nezisekelo zengqondo zamaqembu ezenhlalo kusiza ekuqondeni nasekuthuthukiseni ukusebenzisana kwethu ngaphakathi kwawo. Njengoba umphakathi uqhubeka nokukhula, kuzoba njalo nangohlobo kanye nokuguquguquka kwamaqembu ezenhlalo, okudinga ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
