Ithonya Lobuchwepheshe Emphakathini Ngokusho Kwezenhlalo
Ubuchwepheshe, ngezindlela zabo ezahlukene, bube ngumshayeli oyisisekelo woshintsho lomphakathi kuwo wonke umlando. Kusukela ekusungulweni kwesondo kuze kube sekufikeni kwe-inthanethi, ukusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kuye kwahlala kwakheka, kwabumba, futhi kwachaza kabusha isakhiwo, isiko, kanye nokuguquguquka kwemiphakathi yabantu. I-Sociology, isifundo somphakathi, ubudlelwano bomphakathi, kanye nezikhungo, inikeza ilensi ebalulekile yokuqonda nokuhlola ngokujulile ithonya lobuchwepheshe emphakathini.
Imibono Yomlando Ngomthelela Wezobuchwepheshe
Ubudlelwano phakathi kobuchwepheshe nomphakathi sekuyisikhathi eside bubamba isithakazelo sezazi zezenhlalo. Izazi zezenhlalo zokuqala ezifana noKarl Marx noMax Weber zaqaphela amandla okuguqula ubuchwepheshe. KuMarx, ubuchwepheshe babuhlobene kakhulu nendlela yokukhiqiza kanye nobudlelwano bezigaba. Waphikisana ngokuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, njengemishini esetshenziswa ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni, yashintsha inqubo yabasebenzi, yathinta kakhulu izimpilo zabasebenzi kanye nokuguquguquka kwezigaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uWeber uhlole indima yobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi komongo wokwenza izinto zibe ngcono. Uveze ukuthi intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe inegalelo ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokukhiqiza kodwa futhi yaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwemisebenzi yomphakathi. Le nqubo yokwenza izinto zibe ngcono, nakuba inenzuzo ekukhuleni komnotho, yaholela kulokho akubiza ngokuthi “ikheji lensimbi,” isimo lapho abantu babevaleleke ezinhlakeni zemisebenzi ezidelela ubuntu nezingenabo ubuntu.
Ubuchwepheshe kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi
Izazi zezenhlalo zanamuhla ziyaqhubeka nokuhlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe buthinta kanjani izakhiwo zomphakathi. Esinye isici esibalulekile sokutadisha umthelela wobuchwepheshe bedijithali kanye ne-inthanethi ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. Ukwanda kokuxhumana kwedijithali kushintshe ukusebenzisana komphakathi, kwaphula izithiyo zendawo futhi kwavumela ukuxhumana ngesikhathi sangempela emhlabeni wonke. Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi, ashintshe indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo, ababelana ngayo ngolwazi, futhi bakhe imiphakathi.
Isibonelo, umqondo kaManuel Castells “womphakathi wenethiwekhi” uchaza indlela ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana (ama-ICT) obudale ngayo izinhlobo ezintsha zenhlangano yezenhlalo. Emphakathini wenethiwekhi, amandla ashintsha kusuka ezakhiweni zendabuko ezihlelekile kuya kumanethiwekhi ahlukaniswe kakhulu futhi aguquguqukayo. Lolu shintsho luthinta yonke into kusukela emisebenzini yezomnotho kuya ezinyakazweni zezepolitiki, okugqamisa indlela ubuchwepheshe obungakha kabusha ngayo amalungiselelo omphakathi.
Ubuchwepheshe Namasiko
Ithonya lobuchwepheshe kumasiko lingenye indawo ebalulekile yokufunda. Isiko, eliqukethe izinkolelo, ukuziphatha, izinto, nezinye izici ezivamile kumalungu omphakathi, lithinteka kakhulu yintuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ukwanda kwemidiya yedijithali kanye ne-inthanethi kuye kwenza kwaba lula ukusabalala okusheshayo kwemibono nemikhuba yamasiko ngaphesheya kwemingcele, okufaka isandla kulokho abanye abakuchaza njengokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko.
Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe buvumela futhi ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko kanye nokulondolozwa kwamasiko amancane. Amapulatifomu aku-inthanethi avumela amaqembu ancishwe amathuba ukuthi abelane ngezindaba zawo, amelane nezindaba zamasiko ezibusayo, futhi alondoloze ifa lawo lamasiko. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ekabili kokubili ekuhlanganiseni isiko lomhlaba wonke kanye nokukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bushintshe uhlobo lokukhiqiza nokusetshenziswa kwamasiko. Ukwanda kwezinsizakalo zokusakaza, ukushicilela ku-inthanethi, kanye nezinhlobo zobuciko bedijithali kuye kwenza ukudalwa kokuqukethwe kwaba yintando yeningi, okuvumela abantu ukuthi bakhiqize futhi basabalalise izinto zobuciko zamasiko ngaphandle kwesidingo sabagcini bendabuko njengabashicileli namalebula okurekhoda. Lolu shintsho alugcini nje ngokushintsha indlela isiko elikhiqizwa futhi lisetshenziswa ngayo kodwa futhi luphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nempahla yengqondo, ukufinyelela, kanye nokulingana kwezomnotho.
Ubuchwepheshe kanye nokungalingani komphakathi
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bunamandla okuvala izikhala zomphakathi, bungenza futhi kube kubi kakhulu ukungalingani okukhona. Ukwahlukana kwedijithali kusalokhu kuyinkathazo enkulu, kubhekiselwa egebeni eliphakathi kwalabo abanokufinyelela kolwazi nobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nalabo abangenabo. Lokhu kuhlukana kungabonakala ngaphakathi naphakathi kwamazwe, kuvame ukubonakalisa nokuqinisa ukungalingani okukhona emphakathini ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nemali engenayo, imfundo, uhlanga, kanye nendawo.
Izazi zezenhlalo zihlola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bungakhuthaza kanjani ukungalingani ngezindlela ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ukufinyelela imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu kuncike kakhulu ezinsizeni zedijithali kanye nokuxhumana, okusho ukuthi abantu abangenayo i-inthanethi noma ulwazi lwedijithali basesimeni esibi kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, njengoba amathuba emisebenzi amaningi kanye nezinsizakalo ezibalulekile zingena ku-inthanethi, labo abangenayo ukufinyelela kwedijithali noma amakhono bayabandlululwa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umnotho we-gig, oqhutshwa amapulatifomu edijithali, ubonisa indlela ubuchwepheshe obungadala ngayo izimo zomsebenzi eziyingozi. Nakuba amapulatifomu afana ne-Uber ne-TaskRabbit enikeza amathuba omsebenzi aguquguqukayo, avame ukungabi nazo izivikelo nezinzuzo ezihambisana nemisebenzi yendabuko, okuholela ekwandeni kokungazethembi kwezomnotho kwabasebenzi.
Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nobunikazi
Ukuhlangana kobuchwepheshe kanye nobunikazi kuyindawo ekhulayo ngaphakathi kwezenhlalo. Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bunikeza izindlela ezintsha zokwakha, ukuveza, kanye nokuhlola ubunikazi. Imithombo yezokuxhumana, isibonelo, ivumela abantu ukuthi bakhethe ubuntu babo ku-inthanethi, bazame izici ezahlukene zobunikazi babo, futhi baxhumane nabanye ababelana ngolwazi noma izintshisekelo ezifanayo.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuxazululwa kobunikazi bedijithali kuletha nezinselele. Izinkinga zobumfihlo be-inthanethi, ukuqapha, kanye nokuphepha kwedatha ziye zaba yizinkinga ezivelele njengoba ulwazi lomuntu siqu luqoqwa futhi lwenziwa imali yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingcindezi yokugcina isithombe esithile ku-inthanethi ingathinta impilo yengqondo, okuholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokukhathazeka ngesithombe somzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-algorithm kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kudlala indima ekhulayo ekwakheni okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nobunikazi be-inthanethi. Lobu buchwepheshe bunganika amandla futhi buvimbele abasebenzisi, buthonye okuqukethwe abakubonayo, amathuba abanawo, ngisho nendlela abaziqonda ngayo bona kanye nabanye. Izazi zezenhlalo zinesithakazelo esikhulu ekutheni ukucwasa kwe-algorithm kungaqinisa kanjani ukucwasa komphakathi kanye nokubandlululwa, kuthinte amaqembu ahlukunyeziwe ngokungalingani.
Isiphetho
Ithonya lobuchwepheshe emphakathini linezici eziningi futhi lijulile, lihlanganisa izinguquko ezakhiweni zomphakathi, ukuguquguquka kwamasiko, ukungalingani, kanye nobunikazi. Ngokusebenzisa iso lezenhlalo, singahlola ngokujulile le miphumela, siqaphela amathuba nezinselele ezilethwa yintuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.
Ekugcineni, ubuchwepheshe abubuhle futhi abububi ngokwemvelo; ithonya labo libunjwa yizimo zomphakathi lapho buthuthukiswa futhi busetshenziswa khona. Ngokuqonda izilinganiso zenhlalo zobuchwepheshe, singabhekana kangcono nobunzima balo, sikhuthaze intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe elinganayo nehlanganisa wonke umuntu, futhi sisebenzise amandla alo okudala umhlaba onobulungiswa noxhumene kakhudlwana. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokukhula, kufanele futhi sihlole imibuzo yethu yezenhlalo, siqinisekise ukuthi sihlala siqaphela izindlela obunjwa futhi obunjwa ngazo umphakathi.
