Ukuhlolwa kukaYoung kokuqhekeka kabili - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. u-d ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala ezimbili, u-L ibanga eliphakathi kwesikhala nesikrini sokubuka, u-P 2 ibanga eliphakathi komphetho we-oda lesibili kanye nesikhungo sesikrini. Thola ubude be -wavelength yokukhanya (1 Å = 10 -10 m).
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala ezimbili (d) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m
Ibanga phakathi kwesikhala kanye nesikrini sokubuka (L) = 1 m
Ibanga phakathi komphetho wesibili kanye nomphetho ophakathi (P 2 ) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m
I-oda (n) = 2
Okufunwayo: ubude besikhathi sokukhanya (λ)
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokuphazamiseka okuphindwe kabili ( ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo ) :
d sin θ = n λ
isono θ ≈ tan θ = P 2 / L = (1 x 10 -3 ) / 1 = 1 x 10 -3 m
Ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (1 x 10 -3 )(1 x 10 -3 ) / 2 = (1 x 10 -6 ) / 2
λ = 0.5 x 10 -6 m = 5 x 10 -7 m
λ = 5000 x 10 -10 m
λ = 5000 Å
2. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa umphumela wokuphazamiseka okuphindwe kabili. Thola ubude bokukhanya (1 m = 10 10 Å)
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala ezimbili (d) = 0.8 mm = 8 x 10-4 m
Ibanga phakathi kwesikhala kanye nesikrini sokubuka (L) = 1 m
Ibanga phakathi komphetho we-oda lesine nomphetho ophakathi (P) = 3 mm = 3 x 10 -3 m
I-oda (n) = 4
Okufunwayo: Ubude be-wavelength bokukhanya (λ)
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokuphazamiseka okuphindwe kabili ( ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo ) :
d sin θ = n λ
isono θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (3 x 10 -3 ) / 1 = 3 x 10 -3 mina
Ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya:
λ = d sin θ / n
λ = (8 x 10 -4 )(3 x 10 -3 ) / 4 = (24 x 10 -7 ) / 4
λ = 6 x 10 -7 m = 6000 x 10 -10 m
λ = 6000 Å
3. Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingezansi, amaphuzu u-A no-B ayizingcezu ezimbili zokuqala ezikhanyayo zokuphazamiseka kanti ubude bokukhanya bungu-6000 Å (1 Å = 10 -10 m). Thola ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo ezimbili.
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga phakathi kwesikhala kanye nesikrini sokubuka (L) = 1 m
Ubude besikhathi bokukhanya (λ) = 6000 Å = 6000 x 10 -10 m = 6 x 10 -7 m
Ibanga phakathi komphetho we-oda lokuqala kanye nomphetho ophakathi (P) = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10 -3 m = 2 x 10 -4 m
I-oda (n) = 1
Okufunwayo: Ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala ezimbili (d)
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokuphazamiseka okwakhayo:
d = n λ / sin θ
isono θ ≈ tan θ = P / L = (2 x 10 -4 ) / 1 = 2 x 10 -4 m
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala ezimbili:
d = n λ / isono θ = (1)(6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 )
d = (6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 ) = (3 x 10 -3 )
d = 0.003 m
d = 3 mm
Izinkinga eziyi-10 ezihlobene nokuhlolwa kukaYoung kwe-double-slit kanye nezixazululo zazo:
1. Inkinga: Ekuhlolweni kwe-double-slit, iphethini yokuphazamiseka iyanyamalala lapho enye ye-slits imboziwe. Kungani?
Isixazululo: Uma isikhala esisodwa simboziwe, ukukhanya kungadlula kuphela isikhala esisodwa, okusho ukuthi akukho ukuphazamiseka okuvela emithonjeni emibili. Yingakho sibona iphethini yokuhlukanisa enesikhala esisodwa esikhundleni sephethini yokuphazamiseka enesikhala esiphindwe kabili.
2. Inkinga: Iphethini yokuphazamiseka iyashintsha lapho kubekwa ipuleti lengilazi phambi komunye wemifantu. Kungani?
Isixazululo: Ipuleti lengilazi lethula ushintsho lwesigaba kugagasi lokukhanya elidlula kulo. Lolu shintsho lwesigaba lubangela umehluko wendlela phakathi kwamagagasi okukhanya avela ezikhaleni ezimbili, ngaleyo ndlela kushintshe iphethini yokuphazamiseka.
3. Inkinga: Ibanga eliphakathi kwemingcele yokuphazamiseka liyancipha njengoba ubude bokukhanya okusetshenziswayo bukhuphuka. Chaza.
Isixazululo: Isikhala se-fringe Δ� sinikezwa yi -Δ�= lapho kuyi-wavelength, kuyibanga elisuka kuma-slits kuya esikrinini, kanye ne kuyibanga eliphakathi kwama-slits. Njengoba ikhula, i-Δ� nayo iyanda.
4. Inkinga: Uma ukukhanya okubomvu okunombala ofanayo kuthathelwa indawo ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okunombala ofanayo, isikhala semiphetho siyancipha. Kungani?
Isixazululo: Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunobude be-wavelength obufushane kunokukhanya okubomvu. Njengoba isikhala se-fringe Δ� silingana ngqo ne (ubude be-wavelength), i emfushane izoholela ku- Δ� encane.
5. Inkinga: Iphethini yokuphazamiseka ayibonwa uma ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala ezimbili likhulu kakhulu. Kungani?
Isixazululo: Ukuze kube namaphethini okuphazamiseka okubonakalayo, umehluko wendlela kumele ube ngokulandelana kobude bokukhanya. Uma izikhala ziqhelelene kakhulu, i-engeli lapho kwenzeka khona ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo noma okubhubhisayo incane kakhulu ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemingcele.
6. Inkinga: Iphethini yokuphazamiseka iyanyamalala lapho umthombo wokukhanya ubanzi kakhulu noma ungaqondani. Kungani?
Isixazululo: Ukuze kube nokuphazamiseka, amaza okukhanya kumele ahambisane, okusho ukuthi agcina ubudlelwano besigaba obuhambisanayo. Imithombo ebanzi noma engahambisani ikhiqiza amaza okukhanya anobudlelwano besigaba obungahleliwe, okususa iphethini ecacile yokuphazamiseka.
7. Inkinga: Iphethini yokuphazamiseka iyashintsha lapho umshini ucwiliswa emanzini. Chaza.
Isixazululo: Ukucwilisa idivayisi emanzini kushintsha isivinini sokukhanya. Ubude bokukhanya emanzini buyancipha uma kuqhathaniswa namanzi. Njengoba isikhala se-fringe Δ� silingana ngqo ne , iphethini yokuphazamiseka iyashintsha.
8. Inkinga: Umfundi ubona indlela yokuphazamiseka engacacile. Kungaba yini imbangela?
Isixazululo: Ukufiphaza kungabangelwa yizizathu eziningana: izimbobo zingase zingalingani ngempela, isikrini singase singalingani ngokuphelele nendlela yokukhanya, noma umthombo wokukhanya ungase ungabi ngowodwa noma ohambisanayo ngokuphelele.
9. Inkinga: Amaphethelo awalingani ngokulinganayo. Kungani?
Isixazululo: Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokungalingani kobubanzi besikhala noma isikhala esingesilo umugqa phakathi kwesikhala. Ukungapheleli ekusethweni kokuhlola kungaholela ezingxenyeni ezingalingani.
10. Inkinga: Iphethini yokuphazamiseka ayibonakali nhlobo uma kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okumhlophe, kodwa kubonakala umphetho okhanyayo ophakathi nendawo. Chaza.
Isixazululo: Ukukhanya okumhlophe kwakhiwe ngemibala eminingi (ubude bamagagasi) bokukhanya. Umbala ngamunye uzophazamisa ezindaweni ezahlukene ngenxa yamagagasi awo ahlukene. Ukuhlangana kwala maphethini kuzosusa iphethini ehlukile yokuphazamisa, kushiye kuphela umphetho omhlophe ophakathi lapho yonke imibala iphazamisa khona ngokwakhayo.
Qaphela: Izinkinga nezixazululo ezingenhla zethulwe ngendlela elula ukuze kube lula ukuqonda. Ezivivinyweni zangempela, izici ezengeziwe zingadlala indima ekubonweni.
