Amatheleskopu ezinkanyezi - izinkinga nezixazululo

Amatheleskopu ezinkanyezi - izinkinga nezixazululo

1.

Ngokusekelwe kugrafu engenhla, nquma i-telescope ukukhulisa lapho iso elibukayo likhululekile.

Kwaziwa:

Ilensi eseduze nento ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondiwe (ubude be-focal f_o) futhi yakha isithombe sangempela. Ilensi yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi i-eyepiece (ubude be-focal f_e) isebenza njengesikhulisi.

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f)_o= 100cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (f)_e= 8cm

Kufunwa: Ukukhulisa i-telescope uma iso likhululekile

Isixazululo:

M = -f_o /f_e

M = -100 cm / 8 cm

M = -12.5 X

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

2.

Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingenhla, kuyini ukukhulisa itheleskopu uma iso likhululekile?

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f)_o= 200cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (f)_e= 5cm

Kufunwa: Ukukhuliswa okuphelele

Isixazululo:

Uma iso likhululekile, ukukhuliswa kwesibonakude:

M = -f_o /f_e

M = -200 cm / 5 cm

M = -40 X

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

3.

Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingenhla, uma ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi ye-eyepiece kanye nelensi eqondiwe (d) = ubude obuphindwe kayi-11 kunobude be-focal lens ye-eyepiece, khona-ke kuyini ukukhuliswa okuphelele lapho iso likhululekile.

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi ye-eyepiece kanye nelensi eqondiwe = ubude beteleskopu = 11 f_e

Ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (f)_e) = f_e

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f)_o) = ubude betheleskopu – ubude obuqondile belensi yeso = 11 f_e - f_e = 10 f_e

Okufunayo: Ukukhulisa i-telescope

Isixazululo:

M = -f_o /f_e

M = -10 f_e /f_e

M = -10 X

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.

4. Kuyini ukukhuliswa okuphelele kwesibonakude sezinkanyezi?

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondile nelensi ye-eyepiece (l) = 126 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (f)_e= 6cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (f)_o= 120cm

Okufunayo: Ukwandiswa okuphelele

Isixazululo:

Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingenhla, isithombe sokugcina sise-infinity, ngakho-ke iso likhululekile.

Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwetheleskopu yezinkanyezi:

1. Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wesibonakude sezinkanyezi? Impendulo: Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesibonakude sezinkanyezi ukuqoqa ukukhanya okwengeziwe kunalokho iso lomuntu elingakuqoqa lodwa, okuvumela izinto zasezulwini ezikude noma ezingabonakali ukuthi zibonwe ngokucacile nangokuningiliziwe.
2. Ama-telescope abonisa ukukhanya ahluke kanjani kuma-telescope abonisa ukukhanya? Impendulo: Ama-telescope avuselela ukukhanya asebenzisa amalensi ukugoba (ukugoba) nokugxila ekukhanyeni, kuyilapho ama-telescope avuselela ukukhanya esebenzisa izibuko ukukhombisa nokugxila ekukhanyeni. Isici esiyinhloko se-optical ku-refractor ilensi, kuyilapho ku-reflector, iyisibuko.
3. Kungani izindawo eziningi zokubuka izinto zanamuhla zikhetha ama-telescope abonisa ukukhanya? Impendulo: Ama-telescope abonisa ukukhanya anezinzuzo eziningana kune-refractors: angenziwa abe makhulu kakhulu, awahlushwa yi-chromatic aberration (lapho imibala ehlukene ingafiki ekugxileni okufanayo), futhi ngokuvamile aminyene kakhulu ngobude obuthile bokugxila ngoba angasebenzisa izibuko eziningi.
4. Kuyini ukuphambuka kwe-chromatic, futhi kuthinta kanjani ukubonwa kwe-telescopic? Impendulo: Ukuphambuka kwe-Chromatic uhlobo lokuphambuka kokukhanya lapho imibala ehlukene yokukhanya igxile khona emabangeni ahlukene kancane ngenxa yokwehluka kwenkomba yokukhanya yengilazi enobude be-wavelength. Lokhu kungabangela ama-halo afana nothingo azungeze izinto ezibonwayo. Ama-telescope abonisa ukukhanya agwema le nkinga ngoba izibuko zibonisa yonke imibala yokukhanya ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokuyigoba ngendlela ehlukile njengoba kwenza amalensi.
5. Kungani ubukhulu bombhobho bubalulekile kuma-telescope? Impendulo: Umgodi, noma ububanzi belensi noma isibuko esiyinhloko, kunquma ukuthi itheleskopu ingaqoqa ukukhanya okungakanani. Umgodi omkhulu uvumela ukubonwa kwezinto ezibuthakathaka futhi unikeza isixazululo esiphezulu, okwenza izinto ezikude zibonakale zibukhali.
6. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokukhulisa amandla nokuxazulula amandla kuma-telescope? Impendulo: Ukukhulisa kubhekisela esicini lapho ithelesikopu ingakhulisa khona ukubukeka kwento. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla okuxazulula abhekisela ekhonweni lethelesikopu lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezimbili eziseduze. Ithelesikopu ingase ikhulise isithombe kakhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kwamandla amahle okuxazulula, isithombe singase sibonakale sifiphele.
7. Kungani izindawo eziningi zokubukela izinto ezinkulu zitholakala eziqongweni zezintaba noma emkhathini? Impendulo: Ukuphakama okuphezulu kunciphisa inani lomkhathi woMhlaba ukukhanya okufanele kudlule kuwo, kunciphisa ukuphambuka komkhathi kanye nokumuncwa kwawo. Ama-telescope asemkhathini, njenge-Hubble, agwema ukuphazamiseka komkhathi ngokuphelele, okuvumela ukubonwa okucacile nokuningiliziwe.
8. Kuyini i-adaptive optics, futhi kungani iwusizo kuma-telescope asekelwe phansi? Impendulo: I-Adaptive optics ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukulungisa ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa umkhathi woMhlaba ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuvamile kuhilela isibuko esiguquguqukayo esingashintsha isimo ngokushesha ukuze silwe nemiphumela yomkhathi, okuholela ezithombeni ezicacile kakhulu.
9. I-telescope yomsakazo ihluke kanjani kweyokukhanya? Impendulo: Ama-telescope omsakazo athola amaza omsakazo kunokukhanya okubonakalayo. Avame ukuba nezitsha ezinkulu ze-parabolic zokuqoqa nokugxila amaza omsakazo ku-receiver. Nakuba ama-telescope optical enikeza "izithombe" zesikhala, ama-telescope omsakazo athatha idatha evame ukubonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene noma esetshenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-spectral.

10. Kungani i-interferometry isetshenziswa ku-astronomy, futhi izuzisa kanjani ukubonwa kwe-telescopic? Impendulo: I-Interferometry ihilela ukuhlanganisa idatha evela kuma-telescope amaningi ukuze ilingise i-telescope enembobo enkulu kakhulu. Le ndlela ithuthukisa amandla okuxazulula, ivumela izazi zezinkanyezi ukuthi zibone imininingwane ecacile ezintweni zasezulwini kunange-telescope eyodwa kuphela.