Isihloko mayelana nobuningi befiziksi ekuhambeni okuqondile
1. Isikhathi sokuphumula
Uma into isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye, into idinga isikhawu esithile sesikhathi. Uphawu lwesikhathi ngu-t (isikhathi). Iyunithi yesistimu yamazwe ngamazwe yesikhathi ingeyesibili (amas).
2. Ibanga kanye nokufuduka
Ibanga ubude bendlela ethathwe yinto. Ibanga liyinani elilinganiselwe, lapho inani lingaxhomekile esiqondisweni. Uphawu lwebanga lingu-d kanti iyunithi yesistimu yamazwe ngamazwe iyimitha (m).
Ukususwa endaweni ethile kuyinguquko endaweni yento. Ukususwa endaweni ethile kuyinani le-vector, ngakho-ke ukususwa endaweni ethile kuhlanganisa ubukhulu bokususwa kanye nesiqondiso sokususwa. Ukususwa endaweni ethile kuncike endleleni ukuze kube kuhle noma kube kubi. Uma kuboniswe kuma-coordinates e-Cartesian, khona-ke ngokwesivumelwano, uma indlela yokususwa endaweni ethile isendleleni ye-x-axis enhle kanye ne-y-axis enhle, khona-ke ukususwa endaweni ethile kuyinhle. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma indlela yokususwa endaweni ethile isendleleni ye-x-axis engemihle kanye ne-y-axis engemihle khona-ke ukususwa endaweni ethile kuyinhle. Indlela yokususwa endaweni ethile ivame ukushiwo enyakatho, empumalanga, eningizimu, entshonalanga. Uphawu lokususwa endaweni ethile ngu-d kanti iyunithi yesistimu yamazwe ngamazwe iyimitha (m).
Inkinga yesampula 1:
Umfundi uhambela empumalanga aze afike kumamitha amabili. Lingakanani ibanga kanye nobukhulu bokufuduka komfundi?
a = isikhundla sokuqala, b = isikhundla sokugcina.
Ibanga (d) = 2 m
Ubukhulu bokufuduka (d) = 2 m. Isiqondiso sokufuduka = empumalanga
Inkinga yesampula 2:
Umfundi uthuthela empumalanga aze afike kumamitha amabili bese ethuthela entshonalanga aze afike kumamitha amabili. Lingakanani ibanga kanye nobukhulu bokufuduka komfundi?
a = indawo yokuqala kanye nendawo yokugcina
Ibanga (d) = 2 m + 2 m = 4 m
Ubukhulu bokufuduka (d) = 2 m – 2 m = 0. Indawo yokugcina = indawo yokuqala ukuze kungabikho ukufuduka.
Inkinga yesampula 3:
Umfundi uhambela empumalanga aze afike kumamitha amabili bese ehambela entshonalanga aze afike kumitha elilodwa. Lingakanani ibanga kanye nobukhulu bokufuduka komfundi?
a = indawo yokuqala, b = indawo yokugcina.
Ibanga (d) = 2 m + 1 m = 3 m
Ubukhulu bokufuduka (d) = 2 m – 1 m = 1 m. Isiqondiso sokufuduka = empumalanga
3. Isivinini kanye nesivinini
Ijubane liyinani le-scalar, kuyilapho ijubane liyinani le-vector. Ijubane liqukethe ubukhulu bejubane kanye nesiqondiso sejubane. Uphawu lwejubane lingu-v kanti uphawu lwejubane lingu-v (ijubane). Iyunithi yesistimu yomhlaba wonke yejubane kanye nejubane ingamamitha ngomzuzwana (m/s).
a. Isivinini esimaphakathi kanye nesivinini esimaphakathi
Inkinga yesampula 1:
Umfundi uhamba empumalanga aze afike kumamitha amabili ngomzuzwana owodwa. Iyini ijubane elijwayelekile kanye nobukhulu bejubane elijwayelekile lomfundi?
Isiqondiso sejubane elimaphakathi = isiqondiso sokufuduka = empumalanga
Inkinga yesampula 2:
Umfundi uhamba empumalanga aze afike kumamitha amabili ngomzuzwana owodwa bese ehamba entshonalanga aze afike kumitha elilodwa imizuzwana emibili. Iyini ijubane elimaphakathi kanye nobukhulu bejubane elimaphakathi lomfundi?
Isiqondiso sejubane elimaphakathi = isiqondiso sokufuduka = empumalanga
b. Isivinini esisheshayo kanye nesivinini esisheshayo
Isivinini esisheshayo = ibanga elincane kakhulu elihanjiwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ubukhulu bejubane elisheshayo = ukuhamba okuncane kakhulu okuhanjiwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Uma uke wagibela isithuthuthu noma imoto, ngokuqinisekile uke wabona i-speedometer. Uma ugibela isithuthuthu, ijubane lesithuthuthu liyashintsha futhi liboniswe yi-speedometer.
Ku-physics, ijubane elisheshayo livame ukufushaniswa njengejubane. Ngokufanayo, ijubane elisheshayo livame ukufushaniswa njengejubane. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi singalishintsha ubukhulu bejubane ngejubane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bejubane bubhekwa njengokulingana nejubane. Ubukhulu bejubane bubhekwa njengokulingana nejubane ngoba ibanga kanye nobukhulu bokufuduka kuyafana uma kuncane kakhulu. Nakuba ibanga kanye nobukhulu bokufuduka kungahlali kufana (qhathanisa nengxoxo mayelana nebanga kanye nokufuduka), kodwa uma ibanga kanye nobukhulu bokufuduka kuncane kakhulu khona-ke kumelwe kube nenani elifanayo.
4. Ukusheshisa
Ukusheshisa kuyinani le-vector ngakho-ke kukhona ubukhulu bokusheshisa kanye nesiqondiso sokusheshisa. Uphawu lokusheshisa luyi-(acceleration). Iyunithi ye-SI yokusheshisa ingamamitha ngomzuzwana isikwele (m/s).2).
a. Ukusheshisa okumaphakathi
Inkinga yesampula:
Imoto iqala ukuhambela empumalanga isuka endaweni yokuphumula ize ifinyelele isivinini esingu-10 m/s imizuzwana emi-5. Bala ubukhulu bokusheshisa okujwayelekile!
Isiqondiso sokusheshisa okujwayelekile sisempumalanga.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ijubane lemoto likhuphuka ngama-2 m/s njalo ngomzuzwana. Uma ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwemoto bungaguquki, ijubane lemoto lihlala likhuphuka ngama-2 m/s njalo ngomzuzwana. Uma ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwemoto bungaguquki, ijubane lemoto alikhuphuki njalo ngama-2 m/s njalo ngomzuzwana. Kwangathi ijubane lemoto lingakhuphuka ngo-1 m/s ngomzuzwana wokuqala, bese kuba ngokwanda ngama-3 m/s ngomzuzwana. Kodwa ngokwesilinganiso, uma uhamba imizuzwana emi-5, ubukhulu bejubane lemoto bukhuphuka ngama-2 m/s njalo ngomzuzwana.
b. Ukusheshisa okusheshayo
Ukusheshisa okusheshayo ukushintsha kwejubane ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ukusheshisa okusheshayo kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukusheshisa. Ngakho-ke uma kuthiwa ukusheshisa, okushiwoyo ukusheshisa okusheshayo. Into kuthiwa ihlangabezana nokusheshisa uma ijubane layo lishintsha. Ijubane futhi liyinani le-vector, elihlanganisa ubukhulu bejubane kanye nesiqondiso sejubane. Ngakho-ke kunezimo ezintathu lapho kuthiwa into ehambayo iyasheshisa. Okokuqala, into kuthiwa ihlangabezana nokusheshisa uma ubukhulu bejubane noma ijubane lishintsha (isiqondiso sejubane asiguquki).
Esibonelweni sokuqala, imoto iqala iphumule (v = 0). Ngemva komzuzwana owodwa ijubane layo liyakhuphuka liye ku-5 m/s. Ijubane lemoto liyakhuphuka ngakho kuthiwa imoto iyasheshisa. Esibonelweni sesibili, imoto iqala isheshisa ngesivinini esingu-5 m/s. Umzuzwana owodwa bese imoto ima. Ijubane lemoto liyehla ngoba kuthiwa imoto isheshisa kabi noma imoto isheshisa. Okwesibili, kuthiwa into isheshisa uma isiqondiso sejubane layo sishintsha (ubukhulu bejubane noma isivinini asiguquki). Isiqondiso sejubane = isiqondiso sokufuduka = isiqondiso sokunyakaza. Okwesithathu, kuthiwa into isheshisa uma kokubili ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sejubane layo kushintsha.
