Incazelo yengilazi yokukhulisa iLoupe
Ingilazi yokukhulisa noma ingilazi yokukhulisa ilensi eqondile lokho kusetshenziselwa ukusiza iso ukuthi libone into okunzima ukuyibona ngqo usebenzisa iso. I-loupe ibizwa ngokuthi i-simple magnifier ngoba inamandla alinganiselwe okwenza ukukhulisa isithombe sento. Esifundweni esilandelayo, uzofunda ngezikhulisi ezingezona ezilula njenge-microscope, njll.
Ukuthi isebenza kanjani
Uma ibukwa eduze, into ibonakala inkulu, kodwa uma ibukwa kude kakhulu, ibonakala incane. Izinto eziseduze zibonakala zinkulu ngenxa yobukhulu besithombe sezinto ezakhiwe ku-retina. Ngokuphambene nalokho, into efanayo, uma ibukwa kude kakhulu, ibonakala incane ngenxa yobukhulu besithombe esakhiwe ku-retina, incane. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bento ebonakalayo buxhomeke kubukhulu besithombe sento eyakhiwe ku-retina. Izithombe ezinkulu noma ezincane zezinto ezidalwe ku-retina zincike ekhoneni elakhiwe phakathi kweso nento, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Izinto ezikude neso zibonakala zincane ngoba zinama-engeli amancane (θ) (Isithombe 1.1). Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinto eziseduze namehlo zibukeka zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zine-engeli enkulu (Isithombe 1.2). Kungaphethwa ngokuthi usayizi wento obonwa yiso ungakhuliswa noma uncishiswe ngokwandisa noma ukunciphisa i-engeli (θ). I-engeli ikhuliswa ngokusondeza iso entweni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-engeli incishiswa ngokugcina iso kude nento.
Ukubuyekezwa okungenhla kungasetshenziswa kwezinye izinkinga. Uma uthola i-alfabhethi encane kangangokuthi unenkinga yokufunda, wenzani ukuze ufunde umbhalo? Ngokusekelwe ekubuyekezweni okungenhla, ungase ulethe i-alfabhethi eduze kweso ukuze i-engeli eyakhiwe phakathi kwe-alfabhethi namehlo ibe nkulu, ukuze umbhalo ube mkhulu futhi ufundwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo eseduze yeso elivamile noma ibanga eliseduze kakhulu elingagxila esweni elivamile lingu-25 cm,
Ngakho-ke, uma ibanga eliphakathi kwezinhlamvu zamagama neso lincane kuno-25 cm, izinhlamvu zamagama zibonakala zingacacile. Izinhlamvu zamagama ezingafundwa ebangeni elingama-25 cm kuphela zibonakala zingacacile uma zisondezwa ebangeni eliphakathi kwezinhlamvu zamagama namehlo lincane kuno-25 cm. Pho-ke ungazenza kanjani izinhlamvu zamagama ezinosayizi wefonti omncane zingafundwa? Vele, udinga usizo lwethuluzi lokukhanya elingakhulisa izinhlamvu zamagama.
Izinsimbi zokubona ezifana nezibuko zendiza, izibuko ezigobile kanye nezibuko ezigobile azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukufunda izinhlamvu zamagama ngoba isibuko asibonakali. Esikhundleni salokho, ilensi ikhanya, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa ukufunda izinhlamvu zamagama. Esifundweni sokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, kuchazwa ukuthi ilensi egobile inganciphisa kuphela isithombe sento. Esihlokweni sokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, kuchazwa ukuthi ilensi egobile ingakhulisa isithombe sento, ngakho ilensi egobile ingaklanywa njengengilazi yokukhuliswa noma yokukhulisa.
Kumfanekiso 1.3, izinto zibonakala ngqo kusetshenziswa iso, lapho izinto zibonakala zincane ngenxa ye-engeli ephakathi kwamehlo nemikhawulo emibili yento, encane. Kumfanekiso 1.4, iso libona izinto nge-loupe. I-loupe isebenza ukwakha isithombe nokukhulisa isithombe ukuze lokho okubonwa yiso kube isithombe. Isithombe sento ebonwa yiso nge-loupe sibonakale sibaluleke kakhulu ngoba i-engeli eyakhiwe phakathi kweso nemikhawulo emibili yesithombe ibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuze iso lomqaphi libone isithombe ngokusebenzisa ukukhulisa ingilazi, lo isithombe kumele kube yi-inthanethi (i- isithombe iphambi kwe-li-oupe, noma isithombe ihlangothini elifanayo nento, njengoba kuMfanekiso 1.4). Ngokuphathelene ukwakheka kwesithombe yi- ilensi egobile, kuchazwe ukuthi ngenxa isithombe ukuba yi-virtual, i- into ibanga (do) kumele libe lincane noma lilingane nendawo egxile kuyo ubude (F).
s = do = ibanga lento
s' = di = ibanga lesithombe
h = ho = ukuphakama kwento
h' = hi = ukuphakama kwesithombe
F = indawo egxile kuyo
θ = i-engeli ephakathi kwelensi kanye nemikhawulo emibili yento. Kumfanekiso 1.3, ilensi okukhulunywa ngayo iyi-eyepiece, kanti, kumfanekiso 1.4, ilensi okukhulunywa ngayo iyilensi eqondile esetshenziswa njenge-loupe.
KuMfanekiso 1.3 (isithombe sibheka eceleni), into ingakwesobunxele kanti iso lomqaphi lingakwesokudla. KuMfanekiso 1.4 (isithombe sibheka eceleni), izinto kanye nesithombe sezinto ezikhiqizwe ilensi eqondile zisengakwesobunxele kanti iso lomqaphi lisengakwesokunene.
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-li-oupe
Uma ibanga lento (do) lilingana nobude obuqondile (f), isithombe sibonakala singokoqobo kanti ibanga lesithombe (di) lisesilinganisweni esingenamkhawulo. I-Infinite ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu lesithombe esibonakalayo ngoba iphuzu elikude leso elivamile alinamkhawulo. Esikhundleni salokho, ibanga elincane kakhulu lesithombe esibonakalayo lingama-25 cm ngoba iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile lingama-25 cm.
Uma iso libona isithombe esibonakalayo ebangeni elingenamkhawulo (indawo ekude), amehlo anendawo encane yokuhlala, noma imisipha yeso ethambile ikhululeke kakhulu. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, ibanga phakathi kwento ne-loupe kumele lifane nobude obuqondile. Uma ubude obuqondile be-loupe bungama-25 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezinto ne-loupe lingama-25 cm.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho iso libona isithombe esibonakalayo ebangeni elingama-25 cm (eduze kwephuzu), amehlo amukela imisipha ephezulu noma ye-ciliary esimweni esinzima kakhulu. Uma ubude obuqondile be-loupe bungama-25 cm, khona-ke iso libona isithombe esibonakalayo ebangeni elingama-25 cm lapho ibanga lento lifana nomphumela wokubala ongezansi.
Isibalo selensi nesibuko esiqondile:
1/do = 1/f – 1/di
do = ibanga lento, f = ubude bokugxila, di = ibanga lesithombe = eduze kwephuzu = 25 cm
I-loupe ilensi egobile ukuze ubude be-focal bube buhle. Isithombe esibonakalayo ukuze ibanga lesithombe (di) libe buthakathaka.
1/do = 1/f – (-1/di) = 1/f + 1/di
1/do = 1/25 + 1/25 = 2/25
yenza = 25/2 = 12.5 cm
Uma ubude be-focal ye-loupe bungama-25 cm, iso libona isithombe esibonakalayo ebangeni elingama-25 cm uma ibanga lingama-12.5 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwento ne-loupe akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-12.5 cm ngoba iso alikwazi ukubona isithombe esikhiqizwe yi-loupe.
Kuthiwani uma ubude be-focal ye-loupe bungama-50 cm? Uma ubude be-focal ye-loupe bungama-50 cm, iso libona isithombe esibonakalayo ebangeni elingama-25 cm lapho ibanga lifana nomphumela wokubala ongezansi.
1/do = 1/f – (-1/di) = 1/f + 1/di
1/do = 1/50 + 1/25 = 1/50 + 2/50 = 3/50
yenza = 50/3 = 16.67 cm
Uma ubude be-focal ye-loupe bungama-50 cm, iso libona isithombe esibonakalayo ebangeni elingama-25 cm lapho ibanga lento lingama-16.7 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwento ne-loupe akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-16.7 cm ngoba isithombe esikhiqizwe yi-loupe asikwazi ukubonwa kahle yiso.
