Umphumela we-Doppler - izinkinga nezixazululo
1.
(1) umbukeli ohamba eya emthonjeni wezinto zokubhala
(2) umthombo oqonde kumbukeli omile
(3) umqapheli kanye nomthombo bayasondelana
(4) umqapheli nomthombo bahamba ngesivinini esifanayo
Uma iphimbo elizwiwe liphakeme kunelokuvela komthombo okhishwe, khona-ke yisiphi isitatimende esingenhla esilungile :
A. (1), (2) kanye no-(3)
B. (1), (2), (3) kanye no (4)
C. (1) kanye no-(3)
D. (1) kanye (4)
E. (2) kanye no-(4)
Isixazululo
Isibalo somphumela we-Doppler :
Umthetho wesibonakaliso:
Isivinini somsindo (v) sihlala sihle
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) lihle uma umqaphi esondela emthonjeni womsindo
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) libi uma umqaphi eqhela emthonjeni womsindo
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) silungile uma umthombo womsindo usuka kumbukeli
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Isivinini sombukeli (v obs ) = 0 uma umbukeli ephumule
Isivinini somthombo (v umthombo ) = 0 uma umthombo uphumule
Ngokwesibonelo :
Isivinini sombukeli (v obs ) = 60 m/s, uma umbukeli ephumule khona-ke v obs = 0
Isivinini somthombo (v umthombo ) = 40 m/s, uma umthombo womsindo uphumule khona-ke umthombo v = 0
Isivinini somsindo (v) = 340 m/s
Imvamisa yomsindo (f) = 1000 Hertz
Isibukeli siya emthonjeni wezincwadi
Isivinini se -o bserver ( v obs ) silungile uma umbukeli esondela emthonjeni womsindo.
Umthombo womsindo uphumule ngakho umthombo v = 0
Umthombo oqonde kumbukeli omile
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Umqapheli ephumulile ngakho-ke ( v obs ) = 0
Umqapheli nomthombo bayasondelana
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) lihle uma umqaphi esondela emthonjeni womsindo
Isivinini somthombo (vs ource ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Umqapheli nomthombo bahamba ngesivinini esifanayo
Uma umthombo womsindo kanye nomqapheli kuhamba ngesivinini esifanayo khona-ke akukho mphumela we-Doppler owenzekayo.
2. Umqapheli ophumule eduze komthombo womsindo wemvamisa engu-684 Hz. Omunye umthombo womsindo ongu-676 Hz ohambela kumqapheli ku-2 n/s. Uma ijubane lamagagasi omsindo emoyeni lingu-340 m/s, khona-ke ingakanani imvamisa yokushaya ezwiwa ngumqapheli.
Kwaziwa:
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo 1 (f 1 ) = 684 Hz (ukuphumula)
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo 2 (f 2 ) = 676 Hz (ukunyakaza)
Isivinini somthombo womsindo 2 (v 2 ) = 2 m/s (sibheke kumbukeli)
Isivinini somthombo wamaza omsindo emoyeni (v) = 340 m/s
Okufunwayo: Ukuvama kokushaya okuzwiwa ngumuntu obukayo
Isixazululo:
Isibalo somphumela we-Doppler:
Umthetho wesibonakaliso:
Isivinini somsindo (v) sihlala sihle
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) lihle uma umqaphi esondela emthonjeni womsindo
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) libi uma umqaphi eqhela emthonjeni womsindo
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) silungile uma umthombo womsindo usuka kumbukeli
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Isivinini sombukeli (v obs ) = 0 uma umbukeli ephumule
Isivinini somthombo (v umthombo ) = 0 uma umthombo uphumule
Imvamisa yokushaya ezwiwa ngumqapheli = 684 Hz – 680 Hz = 4 Hz.
3. Umthombo womsindo ohambela kumbukeli omile ku-20 m/s. Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo = 380 Hz. Isivinini samaza omsindo emoyeni = 400 ms -1 . Iyini imvamisa yamaza omsindo azwiwa ngumbukeli?
Kwaziwa:
Isivinini somthombo womsindo (v umthombo ) = 20 m/s
Ijubane lomqapheli (v p ) = 0
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo (f) = 380 Hz
Isivinini somthombo wamaza omsindo (v) = 400 ms -1
Okufunwayo: Imvamisa yamaza omsindo azwiwa ngumuntu obukayo
4. Imoto A ihamba ngesivinini esingu-72 km/h kanti imoto B ihamba ngesivinini esingu-90 km/h, ziyasondelana. Imoto A ishaya imvamisa engu-650 Hz. Uma ijubane lamaza omsindo emoyeni lingu-350 m/s, pho imvamisa yomsindo ezwakala ngumshayeli wemoto B emotweni A ingakanani.
Kwaziwa:
Isivinini semoto A (v A ) = 72 km/h = 20 m/s, sondela emotweni B
Isivinini semoto B (v B ) = 90 km/h = 25 m/s, sondela emotweni A
Imvamisa yomsindo wemoto A (f A ) = 650 Hz
Ijubane lamaza omsindo emoyeni (v) = 350 m/s
Okufunwayo: Ukuvama komsindo okuzwiwa ngumshayeli wemoto u-B emotweni u-A
Isixazululo:
Isivinini somsindo (v) sihlala sihle
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) lihle uma umqaphi esondela emthonjeni womsindo
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) libi uma umqaphi eqhela emthonjeni womsindo
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) silungile uma umthombo womsindo usuka kumbukeli
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Isivinini sombukeli (v obs ) = 0 uma umbukeli ephumule
Isivinini somthombo (v umthombo ) = 0 uma umthombo uphumule
5. Umthombo womsindo uhamba ngesivinini esingu-10 m/s usondela kumbukeli omile. Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo ingu-380 Hz kanti ijubane lamaza omsindo emoyeni lingu-400 m/s Iyini imvamisa yamaza omsindo azwiwa mbukeli.
Kwaziwa:
Isivinini somthombo womsindo (vs s ) = 20 m/s
Ijubane lomqapheli (v p ) = 0
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo (f) = 380 Hz
Ijubane lamaza omsindo emoyeni (v) = 400 m/s
Okufunwayo: Imvamisa yamaza omsindo azwiwa ngumuntu obukayo
Isixazululo:
Isivinini somsindo (v) sihlala sihle
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) lihle uma umqaphi esondela emthonjeni womsindo
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) libi uma umqaphi eqhela emthonjeni womsindo
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) silungile uma umthombo womsindo usuka kumbukeli
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Isivinini sombukeli (v obs ) = 0 uma umbukeli ephumule
Isivinini somthombo (v umthombo ) = 0 uma umthombo uphumule
6. Imoto ehambela eduze komqaphi omile okhipha amaza omsindo angu-490 Hz. Imvamisa yokushaya ezwakalayo ingu-10 Hz. Uma ijubane lamaza omsindo emoyeni lingu-340 m/s, liyini ijubane lemoto?
Kwaziwa:
Imvamisa yomsindo (f) = 490 Hertz
Ijubane lamaza omsindo emoyeni (v) = 340 m/s
Umqapheli usondela emthonjeni womsindo ukuze imvamisa yomsindo ozwakalayo ibe nkulu kunemvamisa yomthombo womsindo. Imvamisa yomsindo = 490 Hertz kanye nemvamisa yokushaya = 10 Hertz ukuze imvamisa yomsindo ozwakala ngumqapheli (f') = 500 Hertz.
Okufunwayo: isivinini semoto
Isixazululo:
Isibalo somphumela we-Doppler:
Umthetho wesibonakaliso:
Isivinini somsindo (v) sihlala sihle
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) lihle uma umqaphi esondela emthonjeni womsindo
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) libi uma umqaphi eqhela emthonjeni womsindo
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) silungile uma umthombo womsindo usuka kumbukeli
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Isivinini sombukeli (v obs ) = 0 uma umbukeli ephumule
Isivinini somthombo (v umthombo ) = 0 uma umthombo uphumule
Ijubane lemoto lingu-6.9 m/s.
7. Imoto yamaphoyisa eyayishaya i-siren engu-930 Hz yajaha umuntu obalekele ngesithuthuthu ngesivinini esingu-72 km . ihora -1 . Ijubane lezimoto zamaphoyisa lifinyelela ku-108 km. ihora -1 . Uma ijubane lomsindo emoyeni lingu-340 ms-1, khona-ke imvamisa yemisindo ye-siren ezwiwa abagibeli bezithuthuthu ingu ...
Isixazululo:
Umthetho wesibonakaliso:
Isivinini somsindo (v) sihlala sihle
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) lihle uma umqaphi esondela emthonjeni womsindo
Ijubane lomqaphi (v obs ) libi uma umqaphi eqhela emthonjeni womsindo
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) silungile uma umthombo womsindo usuka kumbukeli
Isivinini somthombo (v source ) sibi uma umthombo womsindo uhambela kumbukeli
Isivinini sombukeli (v obs ) = 0 uma umbukeli ephumule
Isivinini somthombo (v umthombo ) = 0 uma umthombo uphumule
Kwaziwa:
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo (f) = 930 Hz
Ijubane lomqapheli (v p ) = 72 km. ihora -1 = 72 (amamitha ayi-1000) / 3600 (imizuzwana) = 72,000/3600 amamitha/isekhondi = 20 m/s = -20 ms -1
Isivinini somthombo womsindo (v source ) = 108 km. ihora -1 = 108 (amamitha ayi-1000) / (imizuzwana engu-3600) = 108,000 / 3600 amamitha/isekhondi = 30 m/s = -30 ms -1
Isivinini somthombo wamaza omsindo (v) = 340 ms -1
Okufunwayo: Imvamisa yamaza omsindo azwiwa ngumuntu obukayo (f')
Isixazululo:
Isibalo somphumela we-Doppler:
8. I-ambulensi ihamba ngesivinini samakhilomitha angu-72. ihora -1 ngenkathi ikhala i-siren enemvamisa engu-1500 Hz. Abagibeli bezithuthuthu bahamba ngesivinini esingu-20 ms -1 ngezindlela eziphambene nama-ambulensi. Uma isivinini somsindo emoyeni singu-340 ms -1 , khona-ke isilinganiso samaza azwakala ngabagibeli bezithuthuthu lapho besondela futhi bekude ne-ambulensi singu …
Kwaziwa:
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo (f) = 1500 Hz
Ijubane lomqapheli (v p ) = 20 m/s
Isivinini somthombo womsindo (v source ) = 72 km/hora = 72 (amamitha ayi-1000) / 3600 imizuzwana = 72,000/3600 amamitha/imizuzwana = 20 m/s
Isivinini somthombo wamaza omsindo (v) = 340 m/s
Okufunwayo: Isilinganiso samaza azwakala ngabashayeli bezithuthuthu lapho besondela futhi bekude ne-ambulensi
Isixazululo:
Isibalo somphumela we-Doppler:
Imvamisa ezwakala ngabagibeli bezithuthuthu besondela kuma-ambulensi
Zombili zisezinhlangothini eziphambene kangangokuthi uma isithuthuthu sisondela emotweni ye-ambulensi, zombili ziyasondelana. I-v p ilungile uma umlaleli esondela emthonjeni womsindo kanti i-v s ingalungile uma umthombo womsindo usondela kumlaleli.
Abagibeli bezithuthuthu bayazizwa imvamisa njengoba besuka e-ambulensini
Zombili zisezinhlangothini ezihlukene ukuze kuthi lapho isithuthuthu sisuka e-ambulensini, zombili zisuke komunye nomunye. I-v p i-negative uma umlaleli engekho emthonjeni womsindo kanti i- vs i- positive uma umthombo womsindo ungekho kumlaleli.
Isilinganiso samaza azwakala ngabashayeli bezithuthuthu lapho besondela futhi bekude ne-ambulensi
- Uyini umphumela we-Doppler?
- Impendulo: Umphumela we-Doppler uchaza ushintsho ekuvameni noma kubude begagasi maqondana nombukeli ohambayo uma kuqhathaniswa nomthombo wamagagasi.
- Umphumela we-Doppler ubonakala kanjani kumaza omsindo?
- Impendulo: Uma umthombo womsindo usondela kumbukeli, umbukeli ubona imvamisa ephezulu (noma iphimbo) kunalapho umthombo umile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, njengoba umthombo womsindo usuka kumbukeli, imvamisa ebonwayo iphansi.
- Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-redshift ne-blueshift ngokwemiphumela ye-Doppler?
- Impendulo: Ngokuphathelene namagagasi kagesi (njengokukhanya), ukushintshashintsha kokukhanya kubhekisela ekushintsheni kokukhanya kuya kuma-wavelength amade (noma ama-frequency aphansi) lapho umthombo usuka kude nomqapheli. Ukushintshashintsha kokukhanya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubhekisela ekushintsheni kokukhanya kuya kuma-wavelength amafushane (noma ama-frequency aphezulu) lapho umthombo uhambela kumqapheli.
- Umphumela we-Doppler usebenza kanjani emithalazweni nasekuhambeni kwayo endaweni yonke?
- Impendulo: Imithala eminingi ibonisa ukushintshashintsha okubomvu, okubonisa ukuthi iyasuka kithi. Lokhu kuqaphela kwakha ubufakazi obubalulekile bokwanda kwendawo yonke.
- Iyiphi indima edlalwa umphumela we-Doppler kubuchwepheshe be-radar yesimo sezulu?
- Impendulo: I-Doppler radar ilinganisa ushintsho ekuvameni kwesignali ye-radar eboniswayo ebangelwa izinto ezihambayo, njengemvula noma amatshe esichotho. Lokhu kuvumela izazi zezulu ukuthi zithole ukunyakaza kwemvula futhi zilinganise isivinini somoya kanye nesiqondiso.
- Ingabe umphumela we-Doppler ubonakala kuphela kumaza omsindo nokukhanya?
- Impendulo: Cha, umphumela we-Doppler ungabonakala kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegagasi, kungaba umsindo, ukukhanya, noma eminye imisebe kagesi. Kudinga nje ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi komthombo nomqapheli.
- Ijubane eliphakathi komthombo nomqapheli lithinta kanjani ubukhulu bomphumela we-Doppler?
- Impendulo: Uma isivinini esilinganiselwe phakathi komthombo nomqapheli sikhulu, kulapho ukushintsha kwe-Doppler kugqama khona. Isibonelo, i-ambulensi ehamba ngokushesha izoveza ushintsho olubonakalayo ekuphakameni kwephimbo njengoba idlula uma kuqhathaniswa nehamba kancane.
- Kungani singakuboni ukushintsha kwe-Doppler ekukhanyeni kwezibani zemoto njengoba isondela kithi ebusuku?
- Impendulo: Nakuba umphumela we-Doppler uyenzeka ezibanini zemoto, ijubane lemoto lincane kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nejubane lokukhanya. Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha kwe-Doppler ku-frequency/wavelength yokukhanya kuncane kakhulu futhi akubonakali ngeso lomuntu.
- Izilwane ezifana namalulwane zisebenzisa kanjani umphumela we-Doppler?
- Impendulo: Amalulwane asebenzisa i-echolocation, akhipha amaza omsindo futhi alalele ama-echo ukuze athole futhi abambe inyamazane. Umphumela we-Doppler udlala indima lapho ilulwane noma inyamazane yalo ihamba, okubangela ukushintsha kwemvamisa yamaza omsindo aphindaphindwayo, okuyinto ilulwane elingayibona futhi liyisebenzisele ukwahlulela ukunyakaza kanye nebanga.
- Umphumela we-Doppler uhlobana kanjani ne-siren yemoto ephuthumayo?
- Impendulo: Njengemoto ephuthumayo esondela nge-siren, amaza omsindo ayacindezelwa, okuholela emvamisa noma ekuphakameni okuphezulu. Njengoba imoto idlula futhi ihamba, amaza omsindo ayanwebeka, okuholela emvamisa noma ekuphakameni okuphansi. Lona umphumela we-Doppler osebenzayo, yingakho i-siren izwakala ngendlela ehlukile njengoba imoto isondela bese ibuyela emuva.
