Ukuhlukaniswa ngomqhewu owodwa - izinkinga nezixazululo

Ukuhlukaniswa ngomqhewu owodwa - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Ukukhanya okunobude be-wavelength obungu-500 nm kudlula endaweni enobubanzi obungu-0.2 mm. Iphethini yokuhlukanisa isikrini esiqhele ngamasentimitha angu-60. Thola ibanga phakathi kobukhulu obuphakathi kanye nobukhulu besibili.

Ukuhlukaniswa ngomqhewu owodwa - izinkinga nezixazululo 1

Kwaziwa:

λ = 500 nm = 500 x 10 -9 m = 5 x 10 -7 m

d = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10 -3 m = 2 x 10 -4 m

l = 60 cm = 0.6 m

n = 2

Ufunwa : y?

Isixazululo:

Ububanzi besikhala buncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nebanga eliphakathi kwesikhala nesikrini ukuze i-engeli ibe ncane kakhulu (ububanzi besikhala esithombeni esingenhla buyandiswa). I-engeli incane kakhulu kangangokuthi i-sin θ ≈ tan θ.

isono θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = y / 0.6

Isibalo se-d iffraction nge-slit eyodwa (min ima ):

d sin θ = n λ

(2 x 10 -4 )(y/0,6) = (2)(5 x 10 -7 )

(2 x 10 -4 ) y = (0.6)(10 x 10 -7 )

(2 x 10 -4 ) y = 6 x 10 -7

y = (6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 )

y = 3 x 10 -3

y = 0.003 m

y = 3 mm m

2. Ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic okunobude be-wavelength obungu-5000 Å (1 Å = 10 −10 m) kudlula ku-single slit, okukhiqiza iphethini ye-diffraction ephezulu kakhulu njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Thola ububanzi be-slit.

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Ukuhlukaniswa ngomqhewu owodwa - izinkinga nezixazululo 2

Kwaziwa:

λ = 5000 Å = 5000 x 10 -10 m = 5 x 10 -7 m

isono 30 o = 0,5

n = 1

Okufunwayo: ububanzi bomngxuma (d)?

Isixazululo:

d sin θ = n λ

d (0.5) = (1)(5 x 10 -7 )

d = (5 x 10 -7 ) / (0.5)

d = 10 x 10 -7 m

d = 1 x 10 -6 m

d = 1 x 10 -3 mm

d = 0.001 mm

I-Diffraction ibhekisela esimweni lapho amagagasi esabalala khona lapho ehlangana nesithiyo noma edlula embotsheni. Lapho ukukhanya oku-monochromatic (ukukhanya kobude obude obubodwa) kudlula embotsheni eyodwa, akuhambi nje ngomugqa oqondile; kunalokho, kuyasabalala futhi kudale iphethini ye-diffraction esikrinini esibekwe ngemuva kwembotshana.

Kumngxunya owodwa, isici esiyinhloko sephethini ye-diffraction yi-maximum ekhanyayo ephakathi, ezungezwe izinhlangothi zombili uchungechunge lwemiphetho emnyama nekhanyayo eshintshanayo (i-minima ne-maxima). Nansi indlela yokuqonda nokuchaza iphethini ye-diffraction kusuka kumngxunya owodwa:

  1. Ubuningi Obuphakathi: Umphetho okhanyayo ophakathi nendawo unamandla kakhulu futhi ubanzi kakhulu. Ukuqina kwehla njengoba umuntu esuka kumkhawulo ophakathi nendawo.
  2. UMinima: Ama-fringe amnyama noma i-minima zenzeka ngama-engeli � kangangokuthi: �isono⁡(�)=�� lapho:
  • � ububanzi bomngxuma.
  • � ubude besikhathi bokukhanya.
  • � iyinombolo ephelele, ngaphandle kuka-zero (okungukuthi, ±1, ±2, ±3, …).
  1. Maxima: Phakathi kwalezi minima, kune-maxima yesibili, kodwa ayikhanyi kangako kune-maxima ephakathi futhi yehla ngamandla kude kakhulu nesikhungo.
  2. Umngxuma Omkhulu vs. Umngxuma Omncane: Ububanzi be-maximum ephakathi bulingana ngokuphambene nobubanzi be-slit. Okusho ukuthi, i-slit encane izokhiqiza i-maximum ephakathi ebanzi kanye nokuphikisana nalokho.
  3. Ubude Bamagagasi Amade vs. Ubude Bamagagasi Amade Ubude Bamagagasi Amafushane: Izikhundla ze-angular ze-minima kanye ne-maxima zincike kubude be-wavelength. Ama-wavelength amade azokhiqiza amaphethini amaningi asakazekile uma kuqhathaniswa nama-wavelength amafushane.
  4. Ukuqhathaniswa ne-Double Slit: Iphethini yokuhlukanisa ngesikhala esisodwa ihlukile kuphethini yokuphazamisa ngesikhala esiphindwe kabili, yize kuyizinto ezihlobene. Uma unesikhala esiphindwe kabili, ubungabona iphethini yokuphazamisa yemiphetho eminingi ekhanyayo nemnyama. Kodwa-ke, uma imiphetho ibibanzi ngokwanele, isikhala ngasinye besizokhiqiza nephethini yaso yokuhlukanisa, okuholela emphumeleni "wemvilophu" lapho ukuqina kwemiphetho yokuphazamisa kushintsha khona ngenxa yokushintsha kwesikhala esisodwa.
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Ukuqonda izibalo ze-diffraction ene-slit eyodwa kusebenzisa isimiso sikaHuygens, esithi iphuzu ngalinye eliseceleni kwe-wavefront lingacatshangwa njengomthombo wama-wavelet esibili ayindilinga asakazeka phambili. Ngokuhlanganisa umphumela wawo wonke la ma-wavelet, umuntu angathola iphethini ye-diffraction.

Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo kanye nasemalabhorethri, ukubuka amaphethini okusabalalisa kwe-single-slit kungasetshenziswa ukunquma ubude bokukhanya noma usayizi we-slit, uma kubhekwa ezinye izilinganiso.

 

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