Ukusetshenziswa kwamadwala e-Metamorphic embonini
Idwala le-Metamorphic luhlobo lwedwala elakhiwe ngokushintsha kwedwala lokuqala (eliyi-igneous, i-sedimentary, noma elaliyi-metamorphic ngaphambili) ngenxa yemiphumela yokushisa okuphezulu, ingcindezi enamandla, kanye nomsebenzi wamakhemikhali angaphakathi koqweqwe loMhlaba. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-metamorphism. Lezi zinguquko azihlali zibangela ukuthi idwala lincibilike, kodwa zanele ukushintsha isakhiwo salo samaminerali, ukuthungwa, kanye nezakhiwo zalo zomzimba. Ngenxa yezici zalo ezihlukile—njengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kanye nokukhanga kobuhle—amadwala e-metamorphic adlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni, ikakhulukazi ezokwakha, ezokukhiqiza, kanye nezamandla.
Izici zamadwala e-Metamorphic anenani elikhulu kwezezimboni
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi amatshe e-metamorphic asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yinhlanganisela yawo yezakhiwo zemishini nezobuhle. Ezimweni eziningi, amatshe e-metamorphic abonisa ukuqina okuphezulu, ukubhoboka okuphansi, kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuwohloka kwesimo sezulu. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zibonisa amaphethini nemibala ekhangayo yemithambo, okwenza abe yigugu kakhulu njengezinto zokuhlobisa.
Ngokuvamile, amatshe ashintshashintshayo ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili zokwakheka: afakwe ama-foliated (anezendlalelo noma ama-bands amaminerali ngenxa yokucindezela okuqondiswayo) kanye nalawo angenawo ama-foliated (anokwakheka kwamaminerali okufanayo ngaphandle kwezendlalelo ezihlukile). Lezi zakhiwo zithinta indlela idwala elisikwa ngayo, amandla alo okucindezela, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo kwezimboni.
I-Marble: Inkosi Yamadwala Ashintsha Izinto Ukuze Akhiwe Futhi Ahlotshiswe
Imabula yakhiwa ngokuguqulwa kwe-limestone (calcite) noma i-dolomite. Ezimbonini, imabula ibhekwa njengento esezingeni eliphezulu yokubeka phansi, izindonga, ama-countertop, izithombe eziqoshiwe, ngisho nezinto zokuhlobisa emahhotela nasezindlini zamahhovisi. Ikhono eliyingqayizivele lemabula lokupholishwa libe mhlophe kakhulu lembula amaphethini ayo ayingqayizivele emithambo yemvelo.
Kodwa-ke, imabula nayo inemikhawulo. Ngenxa yokuthi yakhiwe kakhulu nge-calcite, ivame ukusabela kuma-acid (njengeviniga noma uketshezi oluthile lokuhlanza), okudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphakathi. Naphezu kwalokhu, inani layo lezomnotho liphezulu, futhi imboni yokucubungula imabula iyachuma, kusukela ekugubheni amatshe kanye nokusika amatshe kuze kube sekuqedweni kwendawo.
I-Slate: Izinto Zophahla Ezihlala Njalo Nezaphansi
I-slate ivela ekuguqukeni kwe-shale kwezinga eliphansi. I-slate inezinhlayiya zemvelo ezivumela ukuthi ihlukaniswe kalula ibe amashidi amancane. Le nzuzo iyenza ithandwe kakhulu njengezinto zokufulela zendabuko kwamanye amazwe, kanye nasezimbozweni zaphansi nasezindongeni ezibukeka ngendlela yemvelo.
Embonini yokwakha yesimanje , i-slate isetshenziselwa nokuhlobisa kwangaphandle ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nesimo sezulu kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezingangeni manzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-slate yayivame ukusetshenziswa njengebhodi lokubhala esikhathini esidlule, futhi isasetshenziswa nanamuhla kumabhodi okubonisa, amabhodi okukhonza, kanye nezidingo zomklamo wangaphakathi ophefumulelwe ngokwemvelo.
I-Quartzite: Ukuqina Okuphezulu Kwengqalasizinda Nezimboni Ezinzima
I-Quartzite yakhiwe ngokuguqulwa kwe-quartz sandstone. Leli dwala liqinile kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwalo okuphezulu kwe-quartz, futhi ukumelana kwalo nokuguguleka kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kwezicelo ezidinga ukuqina okukhulu. Ezimbonini, i-quartzite ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-aggregate yemigwaqo, i-ballast yesitimela, nezinye izinto zokwakha ezidinga amandla aphezulu.
I-Quartzite isetshenziswa futhi ezimbonini ezithile zokukhiqiza njengomthombo we-silica. I-Silica iyisithako esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwengilazi, izinto zobumba, kanye nezingxenye eziningana zobuchwepheshe bezimboni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhethwa kwe-quartzite kokusetshenziswa okuthile kumele kucabangele ikhwalithi kanye nobumsulwa beminerali.
UGneiss noSchist: Ukwakhiwa Nokwakheka Kwendawo Amatshe
I-Gneiss kanye ne-schist amatshe aguqukile akhiwe ngaphansi kokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushisa. I-Gneiss inemivimbo yokukhanya nemnyama ehlukile, evame ukudala ukubukeka okukhangayo kwezakhi zokwakha. Embonini yokwakha, i-gneiss isetshenziswa njengetshe lokwakha, itshe elibheke ngaphandle, ukugandaya, kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa njengezindonga zengadi namatshe okuhlobisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Schist inamaminerali avame ukuqhekeka kalula ngemva kokuqhekeka kwamaqabunga. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi ingalungeli izakhiwo ezidinga amandla afanayo, kodwa isasetshenziswa njengetshe lokuhlobisa, ama-aggregates athile, kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa ezindaweni ezibukeka kahle. Ngokucutshungulwa kahle, womabili amatshe angaba mnandi futhi asebenze kahle.
I-Serpentine ne-Talc: Izithako Zezimboni Zamakhemikhali Nezimonyo
Amanye amatshe ashintshashintshayo anenani lezimboni hhayi nje kuphela njengezinto zokwakha kodwa futhi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zamaminerali. I-Serpentine, isibonelo, yakha kusukela ekuguqukeni kwamatshe aqinile. Leli dwala lingaba umthombo wamaminerali athile futhi ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziswa njengetshe lokuhlobisa ngenxa yombala walo oluhlaza ohlukile.
I-Talc ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwesimo futhi iyinto ebalulekile yezimboni. I-Talc isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezimonyo, iphepha, upende, amapulasitiki, kanye nezinto zobumba ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezibushelelezi, ezishelelayo, nezimelana nokushisa. Kweminye imikhakha, i-talc idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, isibonelo, njengesigcwalisi kumapulasitiki ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kanye nokuqina kobukhulu.
Amatshe Ashintshayo Njengomthombo Wezinto Zokumbiwa
Izinqubo ze-metamorphic zingakha noma zigxilise amaminerali ayigugu ngokwezomnotho. Amanye ama-deposit ensimbi (njengegolide, i-graphite, noma amaminerali athile e-sulfide) angahlotshaniswa nezimo ze-metamorphic, ikakhulukazi lapho kube khona uketshezi lwe-hydrothermal. I-graphite, isibonelo, ivame ukutholakala emadwaleni athile e-metamorphic futhi ibalulekile ezimbonini zebhethri, amafutha, kanye ne-electrode.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamatshe ashintshashintshayo emkhakheni wezimayini akugcini nje ngokumba amatshe, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa nokuhlola i-geological, imephu yesakhiwo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimbiwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi indawo ingakwazi yini ukwenzeka kwezomnotho.
Izinselele Zokucubungula Nezemvelo
Imboni yamatshe eshintshashintshayo ihilela ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ukusika, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokucubungula kokugcina. Ngemabula ne-quartzite, inqubo yokusika i-slab ivame ukusebenzisa imishini yocingo lwedayimane kanye namasaha akhethekile. Izinyathelo zokuqeda ezifana nokupholisha, ukulola, noma ukwelashwa kwendawo kuthinta ikhwalithi kanye nenani lokuthengisa kabusha.
Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi uletha izinselele zemvelo. Ukumba kungadala izinguquko zesimo sendawo, uthuli, umsindo, kanye nemfucuza yamadwala. Ngakho-ke, imikhuba yokumba enesibopho iyadingeka, okuhlanganisa ukubuyiselwa komhlaba, ukuphathwa kwamanzi, ukuqapha ikhwalithi yomoya, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yamadwala njengezinto zokwakha ezihlanganisiwe noma ezinye izinto zokwakha.
Isiqondiso Sentuthuko Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha
Esikhathini sokwakhiwa okuluhlaza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinto, idwala elishintshashintshayo linikeza amandla amakhulu. Ukusebenzisa izingcezu zemabula emfucumfucu kanye ne-quartzite njengezinto ezihlanganisiwe, i-terrazzo, noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe kunganciphisa umthelela emvelweni. Ubuchwepheshe bokusika obunembile kakhulu bunciphisa nemfucumfucu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitayela zokuklama zangaphakathi ezisekela izinto zemvelo zigcina isidingo esikhulu sedwala elishintshashintshayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo esekelwe edwaleni eguquguqukayo nakho kuyaqhubeka, isibonelo, amaphaneli amancane e-veneer amatshe alula kodwa asanikeza ukuthungwa kwemvelo, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha zokugqoka ubuso ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana namabala namakhemikhali.
Isiphetho
Amatshe e-Metamorphic adlala indima ebalulekile embonini ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nokukhanga okubonakalayo okuhlukile. Imabula ibusa imikhakha yokuhlobisa kanye neyangaphakathi, i-slate ihamba phambili njengendwangu yeshidi yokufulela kanye nokubeka phansi, i-quartzite idlala indima ebalulekile engqalasizinda kanye nomthombo we-silica, kuyilapho i-gneiss kanye ne-schist zibalulekile ekwakheni nasekulungiseni izimbali. Amaminerali e-Metamorphic njenge-talc kanye ne-graphite ayizinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokukhiqiza.
Ngokuphathwa kwezinsiza okuhlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obushintshayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamatshe ashintshayo kungaqhubeka nokukhula ngenkathi kuqhubeka kunobungani nemvelo. Lokhu kwenza amatshe ashintshayo angagcini nje ngokuba yizinto ze-geological kodwa futhi abe yimpahla yezomnotho kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zentuthuko yesimanje.
