Izinsizakusebenza Zamaminerali kanye Nezicelo Zazo
Imithombo yamaminerali ibhekisela ezindaweni zokugcina amaminerali oMhlaba ezingakhishwa futhi zicutshungulwe ngezinjongo ezahlukene zezimboni. Ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sabantu sezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokusekela impilo yansuku zonke kanye nokukhula komnotho, indima yemithombo yamaminerali iya ngokuya iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithombo yamaminerali, izinqubo zokukhipha nokucubungula kwazo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo empilweni yanamuhla.
Izinhlobo Zemithombo Yamaminerali
Izinsizakusebenza zamaminerali zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwazo kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinsizakusebenza zamaminerali:
1. Amaminerali Ensimbi: Lokhu kufaka phakathi insimbi, ithusi, i-aluminium, igolide, isiliva, i-titanium, i-nickel, i-zinc, i-tin, nokunye. Amaminerali ensimbi adlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni yokukhiqiza, yokwakha, kanye nezobuchwepheshe.
2. Amaminerali Angewona awensimbi: Lawa maminerali afaka izinto ezifana ne-calcite, i-dolomite, i-gypsum, i-kaolin, isihlabathi se-quartz, nezinye. Avame ukusetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali, ingilazi, izinto zobumba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesimende.
3. Amafutha Ezinsalela: Nakuba ngokuvamile engahlukaniswa njengamaminerali, amafutha ezinsalela ezifana namalahle, uphethiloli, kanye negesi yemvelo angumphumela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuqina kwezinto eziphilayo ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zejiyoloji. Angumthombo oyinhloko wamandla emhlabeni jikelele.
4. Amaminerali Ezimboni: Kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana ne-limestone, amalahle (ngezinhloso ezingezona ezamandla), i-gypsum, i-phosphate, nosawoti. Amaminerali ezimboni asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kusukela ekukhiqizweni komanyolo kuya ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi.
Inqubo Yokukhipha Nokucubungula
Inqubo yokukhipha amaminerali emhlabeni ihilela izinyathelo eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama kwemvelo. Nazi izigaba ezijwayelekile zokukhipha kanye nokucubungula izinsiza zamaminerali:
1. Ukuhlola: Lesi yisigaba sokuqala, esihilela ukuthola izinsiza zamaminerali ngaphansi kobuso boMhlaba. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuhlola kwe-geophysical, ukumba izivivinyo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamaminerali.
2. Ukumba: Uma isisetshenziswa samaminerali sesitholakale futhi sibhekwa njengesilungele ukumba, inqubo yokumba iqala. Izindlela zokumba zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukumba emgodini ovulekile kanye nokumba ngaphansi komhlaba. Ukukhetha indlela kuncike ekujuleni, ukuma, kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba zediphozithi yamaminerali.
3. Ukuchoboza Nokugaya: Amaminerali ambiwe agxotshwa abe yizinhlayiya ezincane ukuze kube lula ukuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa. Ukuchoboza okuqhubekayo kuphula izinhlayiya zibe usayizi omncane ukuze kuhlukaniswe amaminerali abalulekile emfucumfucwini.
4. Ukuhlushwa: Le nqubo ihilela ukuhlukanisa amaminerali abalulekile edwaleni le-gangue (imfucuza) kusetshenziswa amasu anjengokuntanta, amandla adonsela phansi, noma ukuthungwa kwamagnetic. Umphumela uba ukuhlushwa kwamaminerali okulungele ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo.
5. Ukucwenga Nokuncibilikisa: Ukugxila kwamaminerali kuyancibilikiswa kube yinsimbi emsulwa ngezinqubo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezifana nokushisa, ukusetshenziswa kwama-reagent amakhemikhali, noma i-electrolysis.
Izicelo Zezinsizakusebenza Zamaminerali
Imithombo yamaminerali inezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa ezihlanganisa cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwanamuhla kanye nemboni. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaminerali:
1. Insimbi Nensimbi: Insimbi iyisici esibalulekile embonini yokwakha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini esindayo. Insimbi eyenziwe ngensimbi inamandla amakhulu futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezakhiweni, emabhulohweni, ezitimeleni nasezimotweni.
2. Ithusi: Lisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni kagesi ngenxa yokuqhuba kwalo ugesi okuphezulu. Ithusi lisetshenziswa nasekufakeni amapayipi, ekukhiqizeni imishini, nasezintweni zasendlini.
3. I-Aluminium: Ngenxa yokuthi ilula kodwa inamandla, i-aluminium ithandwa kakhulu embonini yezindiza, yezimoto, yokupakisha kanye neyokwakha.
4. Igolide Nesiliva: Ngaphezu kwezindima zabo zendabuko zobucwebe kanye nendlela yokushintshana, igolide nesiliva nazo zisetshenziswa kumadivayisi kagesi okuxhumana ngogesi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihambisa kakhulu futhi ezingagqwali.
5. I-Nickel ne-Cobalt: Lezi zinto zensimbi zisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamabhethri, ikakhulukazi amabhethri e-lithium ion ayinhliziyo yezimoto zikagesi kanye namadivayisi kagesi aphathwayo.
6. Isihlabathi se-Quartz kanye ne-Kaolin: Kusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwengilazi, izinto zobumba, kanye neminye imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene edinga izinto zokusetshenziswa ngobumsulwa obukhulu.
7. I-Phosphate: Isithako esiyinhloko ekwenzeni umanyolo wezolimo, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokudla.
8. Amalahle, Uwoyela, kanye neGesi Yemvelo: Amafutha asetshenziswa ezinsaleleni ahlala engumthombo oyinhloko wamandla omhlaba. Amalahle asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi, uwoyela ucutshungulwa ube uphethiloli wezimoto kanye nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yamakhemikhali, kanti igesi yemvelo isetshenziselwa ukushisa, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali.
Izinselele Nekusasa
Naphezu kokubaluleka kwemithombo yamaminerali, ukuxhashazwa nokucubungula kwawo kubhekene nezinselele eziningi. Izinkinga ezifana nokusimama kwemvelo, imiphumela yomphakathi, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ziya ngokuya zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukumbiwa nokucubungula amaminerali kuvame ukuholela ekuwohlokeni kwemvelo, ukulahlekelwa yizinto eziphilayo, kanye nokungcoliswa komoya namanzi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezingcono zokukhipha nokucubungula amaminerali anemiphumela ephansi kwezemvelo.
I-Eco-Friendly Technology
Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe obunobungani nemvelo kuyaqhubeka. Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-biolixiviation busebenzisa ama-microorganism ukukhipha izinsimbi ku-ore ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokuvuselela kabusha ezifana ne-aluminium, insimbi, ithusi, nezinye ziya ngokuya zibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukuthembela ekumbeni okusha.
Isiphetho
Imithombo yamaminerali iyinsika yemboni yanamuhla kanye nomnotho womhlaba wonke. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kuthinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kanye nobuchwepheshe, isidingo salezi zimaminerali sizoqhubeka sikhula. Kodwa-ke, ukuxhashazwa okunesibopho, uma kucatshangelwa ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nemiphumela yomphakathi, kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinzuzo zemithombo yamaminerali ziyajatshulelwa yizizukulwane ezizayo. Ucwaningo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe bokukhipha nokucubungula obuqhubekayo kuzoba yizinto ezibalulekile ekufezeni ikusasa eliluhlaza nelilinganiselayo.
