Ukuhlonza Izici Zamadwala E-Clastic Sedimentary
Amatshe e-Clastic sedimentary awuhlobo lwedwala le-sedimentary elakhiwe ngokuqongelela kanye nokuxinana kwezingcezu zamatshe noma amaminerali asuswe edwaleni lawo eliyinhloko ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuguguleka komhlaba. Ulwazi lwezimpawu zala matshe lubalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njenge-geology, izimayini, ngisho nobunjiniyela bezokwakha. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngendlela yokuhlonza izici zamatshe e-Clastic sedimentary, izici eziwathonyayo, kanye nezibonelo kanye nokusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Isingeniso: Ayini amadwala e-Clastic Sedimentary?
Amatshe e-Clastic sedimentary awuhlobo lwedwala le-sedimentary elakhiwe yizinhlayiya ze-classic. Lezi zinhlayiya ze-classic zingaba yizingcezu ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kusukela ezinhlamvini ezincane kuya ezingcezwini ezinkulu. Inqubo yokwakha la matshe ihilela izigaba eziningana eziyinhloko, eziqala ngokuguquka kwedwala elingumzali, ukuthuthwa kwezingcezu ngamanzi, umoya, noma iqhwa, futhi ekugcineni, ukuthuthwa kanye nokuqina (ukuqina).
Inqubo Yokwakheka Kwamadwala E-Clastic Sedimentary
1. Ukuguguleka Kwesimo Sezulu Nokuguguleka Kwesimo Sezulu: Ukuguguleka kwesimo sezulu inqubo lapho amatshe ehlukana khona abe yizicucu ezincane ngenxa yemiphumela yesimo sezulu, amanzi, amakhemikhali, noma izinto eziphilayo. Ukuguguleka kwesimo sezulu kube sekuthutha lezi zicucu kude nedwala elingumzali.
2. Ezokuthutha: Izingcezu ezihlukanisiwe futhi zaguguleka zizothwalwa yizinto zokuthutha ezifana namanzi, umoya, noma iqhwa. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izingcezu zizoguguleka futhi zihlukaniswe ngokusekelwe ngobukhulu bazo kanye nobuningi bazo.
3. Ukuthuthwa kwenhlabathi: Izingcezu ezithwalwa yizinto zokuthutha zizothuthwa yinhlabathi lapho amandla okuthutha ehla, isibonelo lapho amanzi omfula elahlekelwa isivinini noma lapho umoya uncipha.
4. Ukuhlanganiswa: Ngemva kokufakwa, izingcezu zizoqiniswa futhi zifakwe usimende, zakhe idwala eliqinile.
Izici zamadwala aseClastic Sedimentary
Ukuhlonza amatshe e-sedimentary akudala kuhilela ukuqonda izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukuthungwa, ukwakheka, kanye nesakhiwo. Nazi ezinye izici ezibalulekile zamatshe e-sedimentary akudala:
1. Ukuthungwa
Ukuthungwa kwamatshe e-sedimentary akudala kubhekisela kusayizi, ukuma, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlamvu ngaphakathi kwedwala. Lokhu kuthungwa kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomlando wokuthuthwa kanye nokubekwa kwawo.
– Usayizi Wezinhlamvu: Usayizi wezinhlamvu noma ama-classical emadwaleni angaphansi komhlaba ungahluka kakhulu. Lokhu kusuka odakeni olucolekile (usayizi wezinhlayiya <0.004 mm), udaka (0.004-0.0625 mm), isihlabathi (0.0625-2 mm), kuya kumatshe angenalutho namatshe amakhulu (>2 mm). Usayizi wezinhlamvu uvame ukunquma igama ledwala. Isibonelo, idwala elibuswa yisihlabathi libizwa ngokuthi itshe lesihlabathi.
– Ukuma Kokuhlamvu: Ukuma kokuhlamvu kuyahlukahluka, kusukela kokudala kakhulu futhi okunongwe ...
– Ukuhlela: Ukuhlela kubhekisela ezingeni lokufana kobukhulu bezinhlamvu ngaphakathi kwedwala. Idwala elihlelwe kahle linezinhlamvu ezifanayo ngobukhulu, kanti idwala elingahlelwanga kahle liqukethe izinhlamvu ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kakhulu.
2. Ukwakheka
Ukwakheka kwamaminerali kwamadwala e-sedimentary akudala nakho kuyisici esibalulekile esisiza ekuhlonzeni.
– I-Quartz: Lena yiminerali evame kakhulu etholakala emadwaleni e-sedimentary akudala ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokushisa kwamakhemikhali.
– I-Feldspar: Nakuba ilula ukuyinqoba, i-feldspar ivame ukuba khona emadwaleni asendulo anjenge-sedimentary, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zamadwala amancane.
– Izingcezu Zedwala: Izingcezu zedwala elingumzali nazo zitholakala kaningi, ikakhulukazi emadwaleni akudala e-sedimentary akheke eduze kwedwala lawo elivela kulo.
3. Struktur
Isakhiwo sedwala sibhekisela ekuhleleni kwezingqimba ngaphakathi kwedwala kanye nezinye izici zangaphakathi.
– Umbhede: Umbhede noma ukubekwa kwezendlalelo kuyisakhiwo esivame kakhulu, esibonisa izendlalelo ezahlukahlukene emadwaleni akhiwe ngenxa yezinqubo eziphindaphindwayo zokubeka.
– Ukubeka imibhede evundlile: Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa ngenxa yokubola kwenhlabathi okwenzeka nge-oblique angle, okuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni zasemfuleni noma ehlane.
– Imibhede Ehlelwe Ngokwezinga: Lesi sakhiwo sibonisa izinguquko eziqondile ngobukhulu bezinhlamvu, ngokuvamile ezibonisa izinguquko emandleni okubeka.
Ithonya Lendawo Ezungezile I-Sedimentation
Indawo lapho imigodi yamatshe e-sedimentary esezingeni eliphezulu inomthelela omkhulu ezicini zayo. Ezinye izindawo ezinkulu zokubeka imigodi zifaka:
– Indawo ehambisana nomswakama (umfula): Lapha, amatshe avame ukubonisa izakhiwo eziwela phansi futhi anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bokusanhlamvu, kuye ngejubane lamanje.
– Indawo Ezungezile Ye-Delta: Amatshe akheke ezindaweni ze-delta avame ukuveza izinhlayiya ezincane ngenxa yamandla aphansi amanje.
– Indawo Yeqhwa: Lapha, amatshe avame ukungahlelwa kahle ngoba iziqhwa zingathutha izingcezu zamatshe ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.
– Indawo enomoya e-Aeolian: Isihlabathi ezingwadule sivame ukuhlungwa kahle futhi sibonisa umbhede omuhle ohlanganisayo.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: I-Sandstone kanye ne-Conglomerate
Izibonelo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamatshe asendulo anjenge-sedimentary yi-sandstone kanye ne-conglomerate.
– Itshe Lesanti: Lakhiwe ngezinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezivame ukuba yi-quartz, itshe lesihlabathi livame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini, emifuleni, nasezindaweni ezisogwadule. Ukuthungwa kwalo okuhle kanye nokuhlunga okuhle kuvame ukubonisa ukuthuthwa okude.
– I-Conglomerate: Njengoba iqukethe izingcezu ezinkulu (>2 mm), leli dwala livame ukuhlungwa kabi futhi libonisa izingcezu ezinkulu nezindala. I-Conglomerate ivame ukutholakala eduze kwedwala elivela kulo, njengasezansi kwezintaba.
Izicelo Empilweni Yansuku Zonke
Ulwazi ngamatshe e-sedimentary akudala lunezindlela eziningi ezisebenzayo, okuhlanganisa:
– Ukumba: Imithombo eminingi yemvelo njengesihlabathi, amatshe ayigugu, kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zamaminerali ezomnotho itholakala emadwaleni asendulo anjenge-sedimentary.
– Ubunjiniyela Bezokwakha: Ucwaningo lokusatshalaliswa kanye nezakhiwo zamatshe asendulo acwebezelayo lubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, imigwaqo, kanye namadamu.
– Imvelo: Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi kungasetshenziswa ukuqonda umlando wemvelo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlonza izici zamadwala e-sedimentary akudala kuhilela ukuqonda ukuthungwa kwawo, ukwakheka kwawo, kanye nesakhiwo sawo. Izinqubo zokwakheka kanye nezindawo zokubeka izinto nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni lezi zici. Ngokuqonda kahle amadwala e-sedimentary akudala, singasebenzisa lolu lwazi ngezinjongo ezahlukahlukene ezisebenzayo nezesayensi. Ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi kungasiza ekuhloleni izinsiza, ukuhlela ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nokutadisha imvelo kanye nomlando woMhlaba. Ukuqonda okuphelele kwamadwala e-sedimentary akudala akugcini nje ngokwandisa ulwazi lwesayensi kodwa futhi kunomthelela obonakalayo empilweni yansuku zonke.
