Mokhoa oa Endocrine o Laola Metabolism
Metabolism ke letoto la diketso tsa dikhemikhale mmeleng tse thusang disele ho fumana matla, ho haha le ho lokisa dinama, le ho etsa mesebetsi e meng ya bohlokwa. Sistimi ya endocrine e bapala karolo ya bohlokwa tshebetsong ena ka ho lokolla dihormone tse laolang dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa metabolism. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba kamoo tsamaiso ya endocrine e sebetsang kateng le kamoo dihormone tseo e di hlahisang di laolang metabolism.
Selelekela ho Tsamaiso ea Endocrine
Sistimi ea endocrine e na le litšoelesa le lisele tse hlahisang lihormone. Litšoelesa tse ka sehloohong tsamaisong ea endocrine li kenyelletsa hypothalamus, tšoelesa ea pituitary, tšoelesa ea thyroid, litšoelesa tsa parathyroid, litšoelesa tsa adrenal, manyeme, mae a bomme ho basali, le li-testes ho banna. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea litšoelesa tsena e hlahisa lihormone tse itseng tse lokolloang ka ho toba maling ho fihlela lisele kapa litho tsa tsona tse reriloeng.
Lihormone li sebetsa e le manģosa a lik'hemik'hale a laolang mesebetsi e mengata ea 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa kholo le nts'etsopele, metabolism ea matla, ts'ebetso ea thobalano, ho ikatisa, boroko le maikutlo.
Taolo ea Metabolism ke Sistimi ea Endocrine
Tšoelesa ea Thyroid le Thyroxine
E 'ngoe ea litšoelesa tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho laoleng metabolism ke tšoelesa ea thyroid. Tšoelesa ena e fumaneha molaleng 'me e hlahisa lihormone tsa thyroid, tse nang le thyroxine (T4) le triiodothyronine (T3).
Lihormone tsa qoqotho li susumetsa sekhahla sa metabolism ea basal (BMR), e leng matla ao 'mele o a hlokang ha o phomotse ho etsa mesebetsi ea motheo e kang ho hema le ho potoloha ha mali. Thyroxine e eketsa sekhahla sa metabolism ka ho eketsa tšebeliso ea oksijene ke lisele tsa 'mele le ho susumetsa tlhahiso ea mocheso. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba nang le maemo a holimo a lihormone tsa qoqotho hangata ba na le sekhahla se potlakileng sa metabolism le matla a mangata, ha ba nang le maemo a tlase a lihormone tsa qoqotho ba atisa ho ba le metabolism e liehang 'me ba ka' na ba nona.
Pancreas le Insulin
Lekhopho ke setho se seng sa bohlokoa se amehang haholo ho laoleng metabolism, haholo-holo metabolism ea glucose. E hlahisa lihormone tsa insulin le glucagon. Insulin e lokolloa ha maemo a tsoekere maling (glucose) a phahama, mohlala ka mor'a lijo. Insulin e thusa lisele ho nka glucose maling e le hore e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa matla kapa ea bolokoa e le glycogen sebeteng le mesifa bakeng sa tšebeliso ea hamorao.
Ka ho khetheha, insulin e sebetsa ka ho eketsa ho kenella ha lera la sele ho ea ho glucose, e leng se lumellang glucose ho kena liseleng. Kahoo, insulin e fokotsa maemo a tsoekere maling. Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, ba sa hlahiseng insulin e lekaneng, kapa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, ba hanang insulin, ba na le bothata ba ho laola maemo a bona a tsoekere maling, e leng se ka lebisang mathateng a fapaneng a metabolism.
Litšoelesa tsa Adrenal le Cortisol
Litšoelesa tsa adrenal, tse fumanehang ka holim'a liphio, li hlahisa lihormone tse fapaneng tse amang metabolism. E 'ngoe ea lihormone tse ka sehloohong tse hlahisoang ke cortisol, e lokolloang ka lebaka la khatello ea maikutlo le maemo a tlase a tsoekere maling.
Cortisol e thusa ho eketsa maemo a tsoekere maling ka mokhoa o bitsoang gluconeogenesis, moo 'mele o hlahisang tsoekere ho tsoa protheineng le mafura. Ho feta moo, cortisol e laola metabolism ea mafura le protheine. Mohlala, cortisol e eketsa ho senyeha ha protheine mesifa ho hlahisa li-amino acid, tse ka fetoloang tsoekere.
Hypothalamus le Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus le tšoelesa ea pituitary bokong li sebetsa e le litsi tse ka sehloohong tsa ho hokahanya tsamaiso ea endocrine. Hypothalamus e romela matšoao ho tšoelesa ea pituitary ho lokolla kapa ho hatella lihormone tse itseng, ebe e laola litšoelesa tse ling tsa endocrine. Mohlala, hypothalamus e ntša hormone e lokollang thyrotropin (TRH), e susumetsang tšoelesa ea pituitary ho lokolla hormone e susumetsang thyroid (TSH). Ebe TSH e sebetsa ho tšoelesa ea thyroid ho susumetsa tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa thyroid.
Ho phaella moo, hypothalamus e boetse e laola hormone e lokollang corticotropin (CRH), e hlasimollang tšoelesa ea pituitary ho lokolla hormone ea adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), e ntan'o hlasimolla litšoelesa tsa adrenal ho hlahisa cortisol. Sistimi ena ea maikutlo e netefatsa hore maemo a lihormone maling a lula a leka-lekane ebile a loketse litlhoko tsa 'mele.
Hormone ea Kholo
Hormone ea kholo (GH) e hlahisoa ke tšoelesa ea pituitary 'me e na le tšusumetso e kholo kholong le nts'etsopele, hammoho le metabolism. GH e hlasimolla kholo ea mesifa le masapo 'me e eketsa ho senyeha ha mafura bakeng sa matla. GH e boetse e na le litlamorao tsa anabolic, ho bolelang hore e potlakisa tlhahiso ea protheine le kholo ea lisele.
Nakong ea bongoana le bocha, GH ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo le nts'etsopele ea 'mele. Ho batho ba baholo, GH e thusa ho boloka mesifa le masapo a teteaneng 'me e ameha ho laoleng sebopeho sa' mele le metabolism.
Lihormone tsa thobalano
Mahe a bomme ho basali le mae a bomme ho banna le ona a bapala karolo metabolism ka tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa thobalano tse kang estrogen, progesterone le testosterone. Lihormone tsena ha li laole feela ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa empa li boetse li susumetsa metabolism ea matla.
Ho basali, estrogen e thusa ho laola kabo ea mafura 'meleng 'me e boetse e susumetsa kutloisiso ea insulin, kahoo e ama metabolism ea glucose. Progesterone e ka eketsa mocheso oa motheo oa 'mele le ho ama metabolism.
Ho banna, testosterone e hlasimolla kholo ea mesifa le metabolism ea protheine, 'me e eketsa ho chesa mafura, ka hona e ama sebopeho sa' mele.
Lihormone tsa Leptin le Ghrelin
Leptin le ghrelin ke lihormone tse hlahisoang ke lisele tsa mafura le mpa tse phethang karolo ea bohlokoa ho laoleng takatso ea lijo le matla. Leptin e bontša boko hore bo fokotse takatso ea lijo ha mafura a bolokiloe a lekane. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ghrelin e eketsa takatso ea lijo ka ho bontša boko hore ha mpa e se na letho.
Taolo ea lihormone tsena e ka ama boima ba 'mele le sebopeho sa' mele. Ho hanyetsa leptin, mohlala, ho ka lebisa botenya hobane boko ha bo fumane lets'oao la ho khaotsa ho ja leha mafura a 'mele a bolokiloe a lekane.
Qetello
Sistimi ea endocrine e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho laoleng likarolo tsohle tsa metabolism. Ho tloha ho laoleng maemo a tsoekere maling ka insulin le glucagon ho ea ho fetoleng metabolism ea basal ka lihormone tsa thyroid, hormone ka 'ngoe e sebetsa ka kutloano ho netefatsa hore 'mele o sebetsa hantle. Litšitiso mosebetsing oa sistimi ea endocrine li ka lebisa mathateng a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle, ho kenyeletsoa lefu la tsoekere, hypothyroidism le metabolic syndrome.
Ho utloisisa kamoo tsamaiso ea endocrine e laolang metabolism kateng ha ho bohlokoa feela bakeng sa ho utloisisa fisioloji ea motho empa hape ho fana ka temohisiso ea hore na mekhoa ea bongaka le liphetoho tsa mokhoa oa bophelo li ka sebelisoa joang ho laola maemo a metabolism. Ka lipatlisiso tse ling le thuto e tsoelang pele, re ka ntlafatsa mokhoa oa rona oa bophelo bo botle ba metabolism ka kakaretso.
