Bohlokoa ba Folate bakeng sa Tlhahiso ea DNA
Folate (vithamine B9) ke phepo e nyane e atisang ho bolelwa moelelong wa bophelo bo botle ba boimana. Leha ho le jwalo, karolo ya yona e feta moo: folate ke "senotlolo" sa biochemical bakeng sa tlhahiso le tokiso ya DNA sele e nngwe le e nngwe ya mmele. Ntle le folate e lekaneng, mmele o thatafallwa ke ho theha DNA e ntjha ka katleho, ho lokisa tshenyo ya lefutso, le ho phetha karohano e tlwaelehileng ya sele. Sengoloa sena se bua ka hore na ke hobaneng folate e le bohlokwa hakaale bakeng sa tlhahiso ya DNA, hore na e sebetsa jwang, tshusumetso ya kgaello, le mehlodi le hore na e ka fihlella ditlhoko tsa yona jwang.
Folate ke eng?
Folate ke mofuta oa tlhaho oa vithamine B9 o fumanoang lijong, haholo-holo meroho e tala, linate le litholoana tse itseng. Ho sa le joalo, "folic acid" ke mofuta oa maiketsetso o sebelisoang hangata ho tlatsetsong le ho matlafatsa lijo. Ka bobeli qetellong li sebetsa ka litsela tse tšoanang tsa metabolism 'meleng—le hoja ho na le phapang lits'ebetsong tsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso.
'Meleng, folate ha e sebetse e le mong. E sebetsa e le coenzyme, motsoalle oa limolek'hule o thusang lienzyme ho etsa liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale. E 'ngoe ea mesebetsi ea eona ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho tsamaisa likarolo tsa khabone e le 'ngoe tse hlokahalang ho haha DNA.
Karolo ea DNA le hore na ke hobane'ng ha tlhahiso ea eona e le ea bohlokoa
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ke "buka ea litaelo" e bolokang tlhahisoleseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Sele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e hloka DNA ho tataisa ho thehoa ha protheine, ho laola kholo, le ho boloka ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea lisele. Tlhahiso ea DNA e etsahala nako le nako ha sele e arohana—mohlala, nakong ea kholo, pholiso ea maqeba, ho thehoa ha lisele tse khubelu tsa mali le nts'etsopele ea lesea le sa tsoa emoloa.
Ka hona, dinama tse arohanang ka potlako di angoa habonolo ke kgaello ya folate. Mehlala e kenyeletsa moko wa masapo (o hlahisang disele tsa madi), dinama tsa tshilo ya dijo, le dinama tse sa tswa emolwa nakong ya boimana ba pele. Ha tlhahiso ya DNA e sitiswa, ditlamorao di ka kenyeletsa karohano ya disele e sitiswang, tshenyo ya chromosome, le mathata a ntshetsopele.
Kamoo folate e bapalang karolo kateng tlhahisong ea DNA
Karolo ea folate tlhahisong ea DNA e etsahala haholo-holo ka tsela ea "metabolism ea khabone e le 'ngoe". Ka mantsoe a bonolo, folate e thusa ho fana ka lik'hemik'hale tse hlokahalang ho theha metheo ea naetrojene - litene tse ka sehloohong tsa DNA.
Mekhoa e 'meli e itšetlehileng haholo ka folate ke:
1. Ho kopanngoa ha nucleotide (thepa e tala ea DNA)
DNA e entsoe ka li-nucleotide. Nucleotide e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ke thymidine, e nkiloeng karabelong e etsang dTMP (deoxythymidine monophosphate). Karabelo ena e hloka folate derivative, 5,10-methylene-THF, e le mofani oa yuniti ea khabone. Ntle le folate, ho thehoa ha thymidine hoa sitisoa, ho siea lisele li haelloa ke "litlhaku" tse hlokahalang ho haha DNA.
2. Metsi a DNA (taolo ea tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso)
Folate e boetse e ameha ho thehoeng ha S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), mofani oa mantlha oa methyl oa 'mele. Methylation ea DNA ke ts'ebetso ea ho hokela lihlopha tsa methyl ho DNA, e bapalang karolo ea ho bulela kapa ho tima liphatsa tse itseng tsa lefutso. Le hoja methylation e sa amehe ka kotloloho tlhahisong ea DNA, ts'ebetso ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa botsitso ba genome, taolo ea kholo ea sele le nts'etsopele ea lesea le sa tsoa emoloa.
Ka mantsoe a mang, folate e kenya letsoho ka mahlakore a mabeli: ho fana ka litene tsa DNA le ho thusa ho laola tsela eo DNA e sebelisoang ka eona ke lisele.
Tšusumetso ea khaello ea folate ho DNA le lisele
Ha folate e sa lekana, 'mele o ba le mathata a ho thehwa ha DNA, haholo-holo ha lisele li arohana ka potlako. Litlamorao tse ka sehloohong li kenyelletsa:
- Mathata a karohano ea sele le kholo ea sele
Khaello ea folate e ka baka khaello ea mali ea megaloblastic, boemo boo lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li bang kholo ho feta tse tloaelehileng 'me li sa hole hantle ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle ha DNA. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa bofokoli, mokhathala, bofubelu, ho hema hanyane, le bothata ba ho tsepamisa mohopolo.
- Tšenyo e eketsehileng ea DNA
Khaello ea thymidine e ka baka "liphoso tsa ho kopanya" DNA, joalo ka ho nkela thymine sebaka ka uracil. Sena se ka baka ho robeha ha ketane ea DNA nakong ea lits'ebetso tse pheta-phetoang tsa tokiso.
– Kotsi ea mathata nakong ea boimana
Qalong ea boimana, lesea le sa tsoa emoloa le hola ka potlako. Khaello ea folate e ka eketsa kotsi ea likoli tsa methapo ea kutlo (joalo ka spina bifida) hobane karohano ea sele le ho thehoa ha lisele tsa kutlo ho itšetlehile haholo ka tlhahiso e boreleli ea DNA.
- Mathata a tshilo ea lijo le a sesole sa 'mele
Lisele tsa mala le lisele tsa 'mele tse itšireletsang mafung li atisa ho ata. Khaello ea folate e ka sitisa tsosoloso ea lera la tšilo ea lijo le ho fokotsa sesole sa 'mele.
Boleng ba folate, homocysteine, le genome
Folate e boetse e ameha metabolism ea homocysteine, e leng karolo e bohareng metabolism ea amino acid methionine. Folate e thusa ho fetola homocysteine ho khutlela ho methionine. Haeba folate e le tlase, maemo a homocysteine a ka eketseha. Maemo a phahameng a homocysteine hangata a amahanngoa le mathata a pelo le methapo ea mali 'me a ka bontša mathata a metabolism ea carbon e le' ngoe, e amanang le botsitso ba DNA le methylation.
Litšebelisano tsena li bontša hore folate ha e bohlokoa feela bakeng sa ho "khatisa" DNA e ncha, empa hape le bakeng sa ho boloka maemo a biochemical a tšehetsang boleng ba genome ka kakaretso.
Mehloli ea folate lijong
Kaha folate e qhibiliha metsing ebile e angoa ke mocheso, mekhoa ea ho pheha e ka ama palo ea folate e setseng. Ho pheha ho feta tekano ho ka fokotsa maemo a folate. Mehloli e metle ea folate e kenyelletsa:
– Meroho e tala: sepinatjhe, kale, broccoli, asparagus
– Linaoa: linaoa tsa liphio, lentile, lierekisi
– Litholoana: avocado, lamunu
– Sebete le lihlahisoa tse itseng tsa liphoofolo
– Lihlahisoa tse matlafalitsoeng (ho latela leano la naha): phofo, lijo-thollo, kapa bohobe bo ruisitsoeng ka folic acid
Ho ja lijo tse fapaneng ke leano le molemohali la ho netefatsa hore ho na le folate e lekaneng le livithamine tse ling tsa B tse sebetsang hammoho (tse kang B12 le B6).
Litlatsetso: li hlokahala neng?
Hangata li-supplement tsa folic acid li khothaletsoa lihlopheng tse itseng, haholo-holo:
– Basali ba rera boimana le trimester ea pele
Kaha ho thehoa ha tube ea methapo ea kutlo ho etsahala esale pele haholo—pele batho ba bangata ba hlokomela hore ba imme—ho lokela ho be le tekanyo e lekaneng ea folate pele ho kemolo.
– Batho ba nang le maemo a fokolang a ho monya kapa a ho se monyehe ha mmele
Mohlala, mathata a itseng a tshilo ya dijo kapa mekgwa e fokolang haholo ya ho ja.
Leha ho le jwalo, tshebediso ya ditlatsetso e lokela ho tataiswa ke dikgothaletso tsa setsebi sa tlhokomelo ya bophelo bo botle, haholoholo kaha folate e ka pata matshwao a kgaello ya madi e bakwang ke kgaello ya vithamine B12. Sena se bolela hore motho a ka bonahala a ntse a ntlafala dipalong tsa hae tsa madi, empa tshenyo ya methapo e bakwang ke kgaello ya B12 e tla tswela pele haeba e sa phekolwe.
Malebela a sebetsang bakeng sa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa folate
Mehato e bonolo e ka thusang:
1. Ja meroho e tala letsatsi le letsatsi, khetha mofuta o fapaneng (mohlala, ho fapanyetsana spinach le broccoli).
2. Kenya linate kapa lihlahisoa tsa tsona tse sebetsitsoeng ka makhetlo a 'maloa ka beke.
3. Khetha mekhoa e mekhutšoanyane ea ho pheha e kang ho pheha ka mouoane kapa ho hadika ka potlako ho boloka folate.
4. Haeba o rera ho ima, buisana le ngaka ka li-supplement tsa folate esale pele.
5. Etsa bonnete ba hore ho ja ha hao vithamine B12 ho lekane, haholo-holo bakeng sa batho ba jang meroho feela/ba jang meroho feela.
Ho koala
Folate ke phepo ea bohlokoa e leng ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea DNA. E thusa ho theha li-nucleotide—li-block tsa DNA—'me e tšehetsa methylation ea DNA, e leng ea bohlokoa bakeng sa taolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le botsitso ba genome. Khaello ea folate e ka sitisa karohano ea sele, ea eketsa tšenyo ea DNA, ea baka khaello ea mali ea megaloblastic, 'me ea eketsa kotsi ea mathata a nts'etsopele ka popelong. Ka hona, ho netefatsa hore ho jeoa folate e lekaneng ka lijo tse nang le phepo le, haeba ho hlokahala, li-supplement tse loketseng, ke letsete la bohlokoa bophelong ba sele, kholong le tsosolosong bophelong bohle.
Haeba o lakatsa, nka fetola sengoloa sena ho latela bamameli ba itseng ba reriloeng (mohlala, baithuti ba sekolo se phahameng, baithuti ba bophelo bo botle, kapa sechaba ka kakaretso) kapa ka eketsa litšupiso tsa mahlale le lipalo tsa litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ho latela litataiso tsa phepo e nepahetseng.
