Sebopeho le Mosebetsi oa Litšoelesa tsa Adrenal
Pendahuluan
Litšoelesa tsa adrenal, tse tsejoang hape e le litšoelesa tsa suprarenal, ke litšoelesa tsa endocrine tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho laoleng mesebetsi e fapaneng ea 'mele. Li fumaneha ka holim'a liphio, litšoelesa tsena li na le likarolo tse peli tse kholo: adrenal cortex le adrenal medulla. Karolo ka 'ngoe ea tsena e na le mosebetsi o ikhethang 'me e hlahisa lihormone tse fapaneng. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba sebopeho le mosebetsi oa litšoelesa tsa adrenal ka botebo.
Sebopeho sa Adrenal Gland
Litšoelesa tsa adrenal li na le likarolo tse peli tse ka sehloohong: adrenal cortex, e fumanehang ka ntle, le adrenal medulla, e fumanehang ka hare.
1. Cortex ea Adrenal
Kortex e na le mekhahlelo e meraro:
– Zona Glomerulosa: Lera le ka ntle le hlahisang lihormone tsa mineralocorticoid, tse kang aldosterone. Hormone ena e laola ho leka-lekana ha metsi le letsoai 'meleng, e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa khatello e tsitsitseng ea mali.
– Zona Fasciculata: Lera le bohareng le hlahisa li-glucocorticoids, tse kang cortisol. Cortisol ke hormone ea khatello ea maikutlo e ka sehloohong e thusang 'mele ho arabela khatellong ea maikutlo le ho laola metabolism ea protheine, mafura le lik'habohaedreite.
– Zona Reticularis: Lera le tebileng ka ho fetisisa la cortex le hlahisang li-androgens, lihormone tsa thobalano tse bapalang karolo ntlafatsong ea litšobotsi tsa bobeli tsa thobalano.
2. Adrenal Medulla
Karolo ena ea tšoelesa ea adrenal e hlahisa li-catecholamine, tse kang adrenaline le noradrenaline. Lihormone tsena li lokolloa ka lebaka la khatello ea maikutlo kapa tšokelo ea 'mele, e tsejoang hangata e le karabelo ea 'ntoa kapa ho fofa'.
Mosebetsi oa Litšoelesa tsa Adrenal
Litšoelesa tsa adrenal li hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lihormone tse amang hoo e ka bang setho se seng le se seng sa 'mele le lisele. Mesebetsi ea mantlha ea lihormone tse hlahisoang ke litšoelesa tsa adrenal e kenyelletsa:
1. Taolo ea Metabolic
Adrenal cortex e hlahisa lihormone tsa glucocorticoid, haholo-holo cortisol, e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho metabolism ea lik'habohaedreite, protheine le mafura. Cortisol e thusa ho phahamisa maemo a tsoekere maling ka ho susumetsa tlhahiso ea tsoekere sebeteng le ho qhaqha liprotheine ho hlahisa li-amino acid tse ka sebelisoang bakeng sa matla.
2. Taolo ea Khatello ea Mali
Aldosterone, e hlahisoang ke zona glomerulosa, e phetha karolo ea ho boloka botsitso ba sodium le potasiamo 'meleng ka ho thusa liphio ho boloka sodium le ho ntša potassium. Sena se bohlokoa ho laoleng bophahamo ba mali le khatello ea mali. Ho se leka-lekane maemong a aldosterone ho ka lebisa maemong a kang khatello e phahameng ea mali kapa khatello e tlase ea mali.
3. Karabelo Khatellong ea Maikutlo
Adrenaline le noradrenaline, tse hlahisoang ke adrenal medulla, ke lihormone tse peli tse ka sehloohong tse amehang karabelong ea ntoa kapa ho fofa. Maemong a khatello ea maikutlo kapa kotsi, lihormone tsena li eketsa sekhahla sa pelo, khatello ea mali le phallo ea mali ho ea mesifa e meholo, hammoho le ho potlakisa ho hema le ho bokella matla a tsoang mabenkeleng a mafura le glycogen.
4. Taolo ea Mosebetsi oa 'Mele oa ho Sireletsa Metsing
Cortisol e boetse e na le litlamorao tse khahlanong le ho ruruha le ho thibela sesole sa 'mele, e leng se etsang hore e be ea bohlokoa karabelong ea' mele ho ruruha le mathata a boits'ireletso ba 'mele. Cortisol e ka hatella ts'ebetso ea lisele tse itseng tsa 'mele, ea thusa ho fokotsa ho ruruha, le ho fetola karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
5. Taolo ea Mesebetsi ea Pelehi le ea Thobalano
Li-androgen tse hlahisoang ke sebaka sa reticular sa adrenal cortex, joalo ka dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), li bapala karolo ntlafatsong ea litšobotsi tsa bobeli tsa thobalano 'me li susumetsa takatso ea thobalano ho banna le basali. Nakong ea bocha, li-androgen li thusa nts'etsopele ea litho tsa botona le botšehali le ho hola ha peō ea botona.
Mathata a Litšoelesa tsa Adrenal
Ho se leka-lekane ha lihormone tse hlahisoang ke litšoelesa tsa adrenal ho ka baka mathata a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle. A mang a mathata ana a kenyelletsa:
1. Lefu la Addison
Lefu la Addison ke boemo boo adrenal cortex e sa hlahiseng lihormone tsa corticosteroid tse lekaneng. Matšoao a kenyelletsa bofokoli ba mesifa, ho theola boima ba 'mele, khatello e tlase ea mali le ho phahama ha 'mala letlalong. Hangata lefu lena le bakoa ke tšenyo ea autoimmune ho litšoelesa tsa adrenal.
2. Lefu la Cushing
Cushing's syndrome e hlaha ka lebaka la tlhahiso e feteletseng ea cortisol. E ka bakoa ke hlahala ea pituitary (e bitsoang lefu la Cushing) kapa hlahala ea adrenal. Matšoao a kenyelletsa botenya bo bohareng, sefahleho se chitja, ho sesa ha maoto le matsoho, khatello e phahameng ea mali le maemo a phahameng a tsoekere maling.
3. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Boemo bona bo bakoa ke phetoho ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e lebisang tlhahisong e feteletseng kapa tlhahiso e fokolang ea hormone ke litšoelesa tsa adrenal, e leng se ka lebisang ho se sebetseng hantle ha lihormone tse ling. Mohlala, khaello ea enzyme e hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea cortisol e ka fella ka tlhahiso e feteletseng ea androgen.
4. Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma ke hlahala e ka har'a adrenal medulla e hlahisang adrenaline e ngata le noradrenaline. Boemo bona bo baka khatello e phahameng ea mali le matšoao a mang a kang hlooho e opang, ho otla ha pelo ka matla, le ho fufuleloa ho feteletseng.
Qetello
Litšoelesa tsa adrenal ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea endocrine ea motho, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mesebetsing e fapaneng ea 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa ho laola metabolism, khatello ea mali, karabelo ea khatello ea maikutlo le ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Tšenyo kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha litšoelesa tsa adrenal ho ka ba le liphello tse tebileng bophelong ba motho. Ka hona, ho utloisisa sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea litšoelesa tsa adrenal ho bohlokoa lefapheng la bongaka, haholo-holo tlhahlobong le kalafong ea mafu a amanang le litšoelesa tsena.
