Pfungwa yeRuramisiro Munzanga
Pfungwa yeruramisiro munharaunda yave ichichinja zvikuru kwemazana emakore, ichishanduka kuita hurongwa hwakawanda uye hunochinja hunotsigira pfungwa dzakawanda dzezvematongerwo enyika nedzemagariro evanhu dzemazuva ano. Ruramisiro munharaunda inoreva nzanga yakaenzana uko zviwanikwa, mikana, neropafadzo zvinogoverwa zvakaenzana, zvichiita kuti vanhu vese vararame hupenyu hunogutsa uye vasvike pazvinokwanisa. Pachinyanya, kururamisira munharaunda kunotarisa kusarongeka kwehurongwa hunoisa vamwe mapoka pasi pevamwe zvichibva pahunhu hwakaita serudzi, murume kana mukadzi, chinzvimbo chehupfumi, nezvimwewo. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa chekutsanangura pfungwa yakaoma yeruramisiro munharaunda, hwaro hwepfungwa, uye mhedzisiro yayo nematambudziko munharaunda yanhasi.
Nheyo dzeNhoroondo neUzivi
Midzi yeruramisiro munharaunda inotangira kutsika dzepfungwa nedzechitendero. Vazivi vekare vakaita saAristotle naPlato vainetsekana nemibvunzo yeruramisiro nekuenzana mukati memagariro avo. Zvisinei, izwi rekuti "ruramisiro munharaunda" pacharo rakafarirwa muzana remakore rechi19, kunyanya kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvevafungi vechiKaturike vakaita saLuigi Taparelli uye hwaro hwakakosha hwetsika yeCatholic Social Teaching. Taparelli akasimbisa basa remitemo yetsika mukugadzirisa kusarongeka munharaunda, achigadzira hwaro hwehurukuro yeramangwana panyaya iyi.
Muzana remakore rechi20, John Rawls, munhu akakosha muhuzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika, akaenderera mberi nekukurukura hurukuro iyi kuburikidza nebasa rake guru, "A Theory of Justice" (1971). Rawls akatanga pfungwa ye "ruramisiro seruramisiro" nemisimboti yakaita se "nzvimbo yekutanga" uye "chifukidziro chekusaziva," achifungidzira kuti misimboti yeruramisiro ndiyo iyo munhu wese angabvumirana nayo asingazive nzvimbo dzake dzemagariro. Kuedza uku kwepfungwa kunotarisa pakuona kuti maumbirwo emagariro evanhu haafariri chero boka ripi zvaro zvisina kururama.
Zviyero zveRuramisiro Yevanhu
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chekuita neruramisiro munharaunda:
1. Kururamisira Kwekugovera: Chikamu ichi chinotaura nezvekugoverwa kwakakodzera kwezviwanikwa nehupfumi munharaunda. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzakadai saRawls naRobert Nozick dzakakurukura nzira dzekugoverwa kwakaenzana, kungave kwakatarisana nenheyo dzakaenzana dzekugovana, kodzero, kana zvinodiwa. Kururamisira kwekuparadzira kunoda kugadzirisa kusawirirana kwehupfumi, kuve nechokwadi chekuti munhu wese anowana zvinhu zvakakosha uye masevhisi akadai sedzidzo, hutano, uye pekugara.
2. Kururamisira Kwemaitiro: Kururamisira kwemaitiro kunoreva kururamisira kwemaitiro anotungamira kumhedzisiro kana sarudzo. Chinhu chakakosha munharaunda yakarurama ndechekuti nhengo dzese dzinofanirwa kutungamirirwa nenzira dzakarurama mumasangano emutemo, ezvematongerwo enyika, uye emagariro evanhu. Kujeka, kuzvidavirira, uye kumiririrwa zvakaenzana zviratidzo zvakakosha zvekutonga kwakarurama.
3. Kururamisira Kwekugadzirisa: Kururamisira kwekugadzirisa chinangwa ndechekugadzirisa vatadzi kuburikidza nekuyananisa vakashungurudzwa nenharaunda yese. Nheyo iyi haingotsvage kurangwa chete asi kuporesa, kubatanidza vatadzi zvakare munharaunda uye kugadzirisa matambudziko anokonzerwa.
4. Kururamisira Kwekutsiva: Iyi pfungwa inosimbisa kukosha kwekuranga vanhu vakatadza zvakaenzana, kazhinji zvichibatsira kudzivirira mhosva dzemangwana. Kunyange zvazvo paine gakava, kururamisira kwekudzorera kunosimbisa kukosha kwekuzvidavirira uye kuchengetedza tsika dzevanhu.
5. Kodzero dzeVanhu nedzehupfumi: Kururamisira kwevanhu kunosvika pakuona kodzero dzakakosha dzakadai sekodzero yedzidzo, basa, kugara zvakanaka, uye kutora chikamu muhupenyu hweveruzhinji. Izvi zvinobvuma kuti kodzero dzevanhu nedzezvematongerwo enyika chete hadzigone kutsigira kururamisira pasina kuenzana kwevanhu nehupfumi.
Kururamisira Kwevanhu Mukushanda
Kuisa mitemo yeruramisiro munharaunda kunoda shanduko yehurongwa uye kugadzira mitemo inoshanda nekukurumidza. Nyika dzemazuva ano dzehutano dzinowedzera kuedza kuisa ruramisiro inogovera kuburikidza nekuchengetedza nharaunda, mitero inofambira mberi, mitemo yemuhoro wepasi, uye mabasa everuzhinji. Kuchinja kwedzidzo kunovavarira kuenzanisa nharaunda, kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwezvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu harudzivise mikana yekufambira mberi kwemunhu.
Mitemo yekubatsira vanhu vakaremara inomiririra kuedza kugadzirisa kusaruramisira kwekare uye rusarura rwuripo kuburikidza nekutsigira mapoka akasiyiwa mudzidzo, mabasa, uye kumiririrwa mune zvematongerwo enyika. Matanho aya, kunyangwe aine gakava, akavhura mikana yevanhu vakawanda vangadai vakabviswa mukutora chikamu chakazara mukubatsira nzanga.
Uyezve, masisitimu emutemo akabatanidza mativi eruramisiro yekudzorera uye yemaitiro kuburikidza nemapurisa emunharaunda, madenderedzwa eruramisiro yekudzorera, uye kukurudzira kukuru kwemaitiro akakodzera. Vachiziva kubatana kuripo pakati peruramisiro yemunhu neyavanhu, maNGO mazhinji nemasangano epasi rose anotsigira shanduko dzakakwana, vachibata zvese kubva kururamisiro yezvakatipoteredza kusvika kururamisiro yedhijitari.
Matambudziko eKururamisira Kwevanhu
Pasinei nekuedza uku, kuwana kururamisira kwechokwadi munharaunda kuchiri nematambudziko. Kusarongeka kwemamiriro ezvinhu kwakadzika midzi mumamiriro ezvinhu ekare, akadai sehutongi hwevagari, uranda, uye masisitimu emadzitateguru, kunoramba kuchikonzera kusarongeka. Kudyidzana kwenyika, nepo kuchipa mikana mitsva, kunowanzowedzera kusarongeka mukati nepakati penyika, zvichikumbira hutongi hwepasi rose hwakarongeka uye hunobatanidza vanhu vose.
Rimwe dambudziko guru riri mukupesana kwepfungwa. Kusawirirana pamusoro pekuti chii chinonzi kururamisira uye nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuzviita zvinotadzisa nzira dzakabatana dzekutonga magariro evanhu. Vatsoropodzi vematanho ekutonga magariro evanhu vakakura vanoti mitemo yakadaro inogona kukanganisa rusununguko rwemunhu uye kugadzira kuvimba, vachitsigira mhinduro dzakanangana nemusika.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwemitemo yeruramisiro munharaunda kunowanzosangana nematambudziko anoshanda, akadai sekusashanda zvakanaka kwehurumende, huori, uye migumisiro isingatarisirwi. Sezvinoonekwa muzvirongwa zvakawanda zvekutsigira kodzero dzevanhu, kuenzana kwehunhu uye kunaka kunova nyaya inokakavadzana, ine gakava pamusoro pehukuru uye nguva yekupindira kwakadaro.
Kufambira Mberi
Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya kunoda nzira yakasiyana-siyana uye inopindirana. Vagadziri vemitemo, vadzidzisi, vamiririri vezvematongerwo enyika, neveruzhinji vanofanirwa kuramba vachiita hurukuro, vachiziva zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana nezvinodiwa munharaunda. Dzidzo inoita basa guru mukusimudzira ruzivo uye kukurudzira tsika yetsitsi nekubatana.
Magadzirirwo matsva emabhizinesi emagariro evanhu uye budiriro inotungamirirwa nenharaunda anopa nzira dzinovimbisa dzekusimudzira kururamisira munharaunda. Magadzirirwo aya anosimbisa kusimbaradzwa kwenharaunda, kuva muridzi wekambani pamwe chete, uye tsika dzinogara kwenguva refu, zvichibatanidza mabasa ehupfumi nemisimboti yekuenzana kwevanhu.
Pakupedzisira, kutsvaga kururamisira munharaunda ibasa rinoenderera mberi uye rinochinja-chinja, richiratidza zvishuwo zvevanhu zvekugara munharaunda yakaenzana uye yakabatana. Izvi zvinomanikidza chizvarwa chega chega kuti chiongorore patsva marongerwo aripo, kutarisana nekusaruramisira kuripo, uye kufungidzira mikana yekuchinja. Mukuedza kururamisira munharaunda, nzanga inosimbisazve kuzvipira kwayo kune rukudzo nekwaniso yemunhu wese, ichisimudzira nyika inokudza kururamisira sechinhu chakanaka uye chechokwadi.
