Dzidziso yeDramaturgical yaErving Goffman: Kunzwisisa Kubatana Kwevanhu SeTheatre
Erving Goffman, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu yekuCanada, akatanga hurongwa hunobatsira hwekunzwisisa kudyidzana kwevanhu kuburikidza nedzidziso yake yedramaturgical, sezvakaratidzwa mubhuku rake guru, "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life" (1959). Goffman akaenzanisa kudyidzana kwevanhu nevanhu nemitambo yemitambo, achiratidza kuti vanhu vanofanira kuzvibata muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva sezvinoita vatambi vari pachikuva. Maitiro aya akabatsira zvikuru pakudzidza nezvemagariro evanhu, kunyanya mukudzidza nezve micro-sociology, iyo inoongorora hunhu hwekudyidzana kwevanhu chiso nechiso.
Pfungwa yeDramaturgy
Dzidziso yaGoffman yakadzika midzi mupfungwa yekuti hupenyu idanho uye vanhu vari vatambi. Saka, dramaturgy inosanganisira kudzidza kudyidzana kwevanhu kuburikidza negirazi remitambo. Sekureva kwaGoffman, vanhu pavanotaurirana, vanenge vachiita mutambo, vachiratidza mufananidzo wavo kune vamwe vachiziva kana vasingazive. Izvi zvinosanganisira maitiro e "pamberi pedanho" uye "padanho rekumashure", akafanana nevatambi vanoita pamberi pevateereri uye vachigadzirira kuseri kwezviitiko.
1. Chikuva Chepamberi
Danho rekutanga ndepaya vanhu vanopa hunhu hwavo pachena kune vamwe. Ndipo panoonekwa maitiro evanhu, uye vanhu vanobata basa rekutarisira mafungiro avo kuti vapesvedze maonero evamwe. Semuenzaniso, gweta mudare rinotora hunhu hwebasa, richipfeka zvipfeko zvepamutemo, uye richishandisa mutauro wepamutemo. Izvi zviito zvinoitwa nemaune kuratidza kugona, chivimbo, uye simba.
2. Danho rekumashure
Kusiyana neizvi, chigaro chekumashure inzvimbo yakavanzika uko vanhu vanogona kuzorora uye kuva ivo pachavo, vasina kutariswa nevateereri. Pano, gweta rinogona kuratidza kusafara, kupfeka mbatya dzakanaka, uye kuzvibata nenzira dzisingaenderane nehunhu hwavo hwebasa. Chikuva chekumashure inzvimbo yakakosha yekuti vanhu vagadzirire uye vadzidzise maitiro avo epamberi, vachiona kuti kutaurirana kwavo nevanhu kwakafanana uye kwakavimbika.
Kutarisira Kuratidzwa Kwemifananidzo
Chinhu chikuru mudzidziso yaGoffman yedramaturgical ipfungwa yekutonga mafungiro, nzira iyo vanhu vanoedza nayo kuchinja maonero avo nevamwe. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzora ruzivo, zviratidzo, uye maitiro kuti vagadzire mafungiro anodiwa. Semuenzaniso, mapfekero, kutaura, mutauro wemuviri, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa (sewachi inodhura kana chitupa pamadziro) zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mukutonga mafungiro.
Vanhu vanoita mabasa ekutarisira maonero evanhu nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kuwana mvumo kubva kuvanhu, kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo, kana kudzivirira kunyara. Semuenzaniso, mumwe munhu ari parwendo rwekutanga anogona kupfeka zvakanaka, kusarudza mashoko nokungwarira, uye kungoratidza zvinhu zvakanaka chete pahunhu hwake kuti agadzire maonero akanaka.
Mabasa uye Kunyora Mapepa
Muhurongwa hwemitambo yekutamba, vanhu vanoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda. Basa rega rega rine zvinotarisirwa uye tsika dzinotungamira maitiro, sezvinoita script inotungamira mashandiro emutambi. Mabasa aya haachinji; anogona kuchinja zvichienderana nevateereri nenzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, mudzidzisi anogona kutora mabasa akasiyana: murangi akasimba mukirasi, mupi wekudzidzisa anotsigira panguva yemisangano yemunhu nevadzidzi, uye mumwe munhu anoshanda naye mukamuri revashandi.
Uyezve, vanhu vanowanzotamba mitambo panguva imwe chete, vachitamba mitambo yakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Kugona kuchinjika uku kwakafanana nemutambi ari munhandare yemitambo yemimhanzi anofanira kuchinjana pakati pevatambi vakasiyana nekukurumidza.
Matimu uye Kushanda
Goffman akaongororawo pfungwa yekushanda pamwe chete mukudyidzana kwevanhu, uko vanhu vanoshandira pamwe chete kuti vawane basa rakabatana uye rinogutsa. Semuenzaniso, muresitorendi, vashandi vekumirira, vashandi vekukicheni, nevatungamiriri vanoshanda pamwe chete kuti vagadzire pfungwa yebasa rinoshanda uye remhando yepamusoro. Nhengo yega yega yechikwata inoita basa rayo, uye kushanda pamwe chete kwavo kunobatsira kuti basa ribudirire.
Kana nhengo yechikwata ikatsauka kubva pabasa rayo kana kuti ikasaita zvinhu nemazvo, zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro uye kukanganisa kuvimbika kweboka. Semuenzaniso, mushandi wekudya asina hunhu anogona kukanganisa mukurumbira weresitorendi webasa rakanaka, zvichiratidza kuti mashandiro evanhu anotsigirana sei.
Basa reChiso neChiso
Pfungwa yaGoffman ye "chiso" inoreva kukosha kwakanaka kwevanhu uko munhu anozviti iye pachake panguva yekutaurirana. Kuchengetedza chiso kunosanganisira kuita nenzira dzinotsigira kukosha uku, nepo kushanda pachiso kunosanganisira nzira dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa chiso chemunhu uye kupindura mamiriro ezvinhu anotyisidzira. Kushanda pachiso kunosanganisira zviito zvakaita sekukumbira ruregerero, tsananguro, kana zvikonzero zvekuderedza chero kukuvara kwekuzviratidza kwemunhu.
Semuenzaniso, kana munhu akakanganisa kubasa, anogona kuita basa rekutarisana nekubvuma chikanganiso chacho, kupa zvikonzero, uye kuratidza kuzvipira kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza chitarisiko chavo chebasa uye kuchengetedza hukama hwakanaka munharaunda.
Zvikumbiro uye Zvinorehwa
Dzidziso yaGoffman yedramaturgical ine zvazvinoreva zvakanyanya pakunzwisisa zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagariro evanhu. Inojekesa kuti vanhu vanofamba sei zuva nezuva, vanochengetedza hukama, uye vanovaka hunhu hwavo. Munzvimbo dzebasa, inobatsira kujekesa mafambiro ebasa, maitiro ehutungamiriri, uye tsika dzesangano. Mukutsvaga kwezvemagariro evanhu, inopa hurongwa hwakasimba hwekuongorora hunhu hwemagariro evanhu nekutaurirana.
Uyezve, kusimbiswa kwedzidziso iyi pamusoro pehunhu hwekuita kwehupenyu hwevanhu kunoenderana nezvidzidzo zvemazuva ano pasocial media uye kutaurirana kwedhijitari. Mapuratifomu epamhepo anopa matanho matsva ekuzviratidza, uko vanhu vanosarudza ma profiles avo, vanogovana zvemukati zvinosarudzwa, uye vanoita mabasa epamhepo kuti vagadzire hunhu hwavo paindaneti.
Kutsoropodza uye Kugumira
Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso yaGoffman yedramaturgical ichipa ruzivo rwakakosha, haisi isina kutsoropodzwa. Vamwe vanoti dzidziso iyi inonyanya kusimbisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nekudyidzana kwevanhu, zvichigona kufuratira maitiro chaiwo, asingatarisirwi. Vatsoropodzi vanotiwo dzidziso iyi inogona kuderedza zvinhu zvakaita semasimba uye kusaenzana kwevanhu, izvo zvinokanganisa kugona kwevanhu kubata mafungiro avo zvinobudirira.
Pasinei nepfungwa idzi, dzidziso yaGoffman yekutamba inoramba iri pfungwa huru mumagariro evanhu, ichipa lenzi yakasiyana yekuti tinzwisise kuoma kwehupenyu hwevanhu.
mhedziso
Dzidziso yaErving Goffman yedramaturgical inopa hurongwa hwakapfuma uye hune njere hwekunzwisisa kudyidzana kwevanhu. Nekuda hupenyu hwezuva nezuva nekutamba mumitambo, Goffman anojekesa nzira idzo vanhu vanokwanisa kuzvibata nadzo, kufamba-famba mumabasa avo, uye kushanda pamwe chete munzvimbo dzevanhu. Kunyange zvazvo isiri isina miganho yayo, dzidziso iyi inoramba iri chishandiso chakakosha chekuongorora hunhu hwekuita kwehupenyu hwevanhu pamwe nekutamba kwakaoma kwekutarisira pfungwa. Kuburikidza nelenzi iyi yemitambo, tinowana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwehunhu husina kusimba, asi hune simba, hunoumba kudyidzana kwedu uye hunotsanangura nyika yedu yevanhu.
