Pfungwa yeAnomie muSociology
Sociology, sechidzidzo, inoedza kunzwisisa chimiro chakaoma chenzanga uye maitiro evanhu mukati memamiriro akasiyana-siyana enzanga. Imwe yepfungwa huru muchirongwa ichi i "anomie," izwi rakatangwa nababa vekutanga vesociology, Émile Durkheim. Anomie inotsanangura mamiriro ekusava netsika, uko tsika netsika zvenzanga zvinoparara, zvichiita kuti vanhu vasangane nekuvhiringidzika, kusava nechinangwa, uye kusanzwisisana kwetsika. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pfungwa yeanomie, nhoroondo yayo, hurongwa hwedzidziso, uye kukosha kwayo munharaunda yemazuva ano.
Nhoroondo Yekare uye Tsananguro
Émile Durkheim akatanga kutaura nezveanomie mumabhuku ake makuru ekuti “The Division of Labor in Society” (1893) uye “Suicide” (1897). Mukufunga nezvemazuva ano nekukura kwemaindasitiri, Durkheim akaona kuti tsika netsika dzechivanhu kazhinji zvaisagona kuenderana nekuchinja kukuru kwemagariro evanhu. Kunonoka uku kwakaita kuti mitemo yetsika nekubatana kwevanhu zviparare, zvichiita kuti vanhu vanzwe vasina hukama uye vakaparadzaniswa nevamwe.
Durkheim akatsanangura anomie semamiriro ezvinhu apo nzanga inokundikana kupa nhungamiro yakakwana yetsika kuvanhu. Izvi zvinoitika kana tsika dzakagara dziripo uye zvinotarisirwa zvikakanganiswa, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo isina chinhu apo vanhu vanonetseka kuwana nzvimbo yavo nechinangwa chavo. Chaizvoizvo, anomie inomiririra kusawirirana pakati pemitemo yemunhu kana yeboka uye zvinotarisirwa munharaunda, zvichikonzera mamiriro ekusagadzikana.
Theoretical Framework
Dzidziso yaDurkheim yeanomie yakabatana zvakanyanya nedzidziso dzake dzezvemagariro evanhu. Akataura kuti nzanga ine simba guru pamaitiro emunhu uye kuti kubatana kwevanhu kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kurongeka. Durkheim akataura mhando mbiri dzekubatana kwevanhu: kubatana kwemakemikari uye kubatana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.
1. Kubatana Kwemagetsi: Rudzi urwu rwekubatana rwunozivikanwa nevanhu vekare, vekurima. Rwakavakirwa pahana yavo pamwe chete apo vanhu vane zvitendero zvakafanana, tsika, uye mararamiro akafanana. Kubatana kwevanhu kunochengetedzwa kuburikidza nezviitiko zvakafanana uye tsika dzakasimba, dzakafanana.
2. Kubatana Kwezvinhu Zvisikwa: Munharaunda dzemazuva ano, dzakabudirira, kubatana kwezvinhu zvisikwa kunova chinhu chikuru. Kwakavakirwa pakubatana kwevanhu vane hunyanzvi vanoita mabasa akasiyana. Kunyange zvazvo rudzi urwu rwekubatana ruchikurudzira kusiyana uye hunhu hwemunhu, runotungamirawo muhana isina simba yeboka uye kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana.
Durkheim akataura kuti nzanga inoda kuenzana pakati pemitemo (mitemo, mitemo) nekubatana (hukama hwevanhu, hukama) kuti ishande zvakanaka. Kusawirirana kunoitika kana paine kushomeka kwemitemo, zvichikonzera kuparara kwehurongwa hwevanhu, kana kushomeka kwekubatana, zvichikonzera kuparadzaniswa uye kusawirirana pakati pevanhu.
Anomie uye Migumisiro Yemagariro Evanhu
Zvinorehwa neanomie zvakakura uye zvine mativi akawanda. Anomie inogona kuoneka mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakosha kuvanhu nenzanga yese.
1. Hutano Hwepfungwa Nekugara Zvakanaka: Anomie inogona kutungamira mumanzwiro ekushaya chinangwa, kusurukirwa, uye kuora mwoyo. Vanhu vanotambura neanomie vanogona kunetseka nematambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa akadai sekuora mwoyo nekuzvidya mwoyo. Kunzwa kusabatanidzwa munharaunda inoita seyakavhiringidzika kunogona kuwedzera manzwiro aya, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemanzwiro.
2. Kutsauka neMhosva: Pfungwa yaDurkheim yeanomie yakabatana zvikuru nemaitiro asina kunaka. Kana tsika dzenzanga dzikaparara, vanhu vanogona kushandisa maitiro asina kunaka kana emhosva senzira yekugadzirisa kusava nechokwadi kunokonzerwa nako. Anomie inogadzira nzvimbo yakaorera yemhosva, sezvo vanhu vachitsvaga kuzadza nzvimbo isina chinhu yakasiyiwa nekusavapo kwenhungamiro dzakajeka dzetsika.
3. Kugadzikana Kwemagariro: Padanho remagariro evanhu, anomie inogona kukanganisa kugadzikana kwemagariro evanhu uye kubatana. Nzanga iri kutambura neanomie inogona kuwedzera kusagadzikana kwevanhu, kuratidzira, uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Kushaikwa kwetsika dzakafanana uye tsika dzinoshandiswa zvinoparadza kuvimbana nemasangano uye zvinoderedza simba remagariro evanhu.
Kukosha Kwemazuva Ano kweAnomie
Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso yaDurkheim yeanomie yakabuda mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kukosha kwayo kuchiripo munharaunda yanhasi. Mazuva ano ari kuramba achiunza shanduko dzinokurumidza munharaunda, zvichikonzerwa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kudyidzana kwenyika, uye kuchinja kwetsika. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kuwedzera manzwiro eanomie nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.
1. Kusawirirana Kwezvehupfumi: Munyika iri kuramba ichikura pasi rose, kusawirirana kwezvehupfumi kwawedzera kuoneka. Kusawirirana kuri kuwedzera kwemari inowanikwa uye kusachengeteka kwemabasa zvinogona kukonzera kunzwa kwekuparadzaniswa uye kusafara, sezvo vanhu vachinetsekana kusangana nezvinodiwa munharaunda.
2. Nguva yeDigital uye Social Media: Nguva yedhijitari yakachinja maitiro evanhu ekutaurirana uye kuzviona ivo pachavo. Nzvimbo dzesocial media, dzichikurudzira hukama, dzinogonawo kuwedzera manzwiro ekushaya kukwana uye kusabatana nevamwe. Mifananidzo yakarongwa yehupenyu hwevamwe inogona kugadzira tarisiro dzisingagoneki, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana.
3. Kupatsanurwa kweMasangano echinyakare: Masangano echinyakare akadai semhuri, chitendero, uye nharaunda akachinja zvakanyanya. Kuparara kwemasangano aya kunogona kutungamira mukusasimba kwehukama hwevanhu uye kuwedzera kwekusaziva, sezvo vanhu vachirwisana nekuwana nzvimbo yavo munharaunda iri kuchinja.
Kutarisana neAnomie
Kugadzirisa nyaya yekusagadzikana kwemagariro evanhu kunoda nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Kusimbisa kubatana kwevanhu kunosanganisira kusimbisa mitemo nekubatana munharaunda.
1. Kukurudzira Maitiro Anobatanidza Vanhu Vose: Hurumende nemasangano vanofanira kukurudzira maitiro anobatsira kugadzirisa kusaenzana kwehupfumi, kupa mikana yekudzidza nekuwana mabasa, uye kugadzira nzira dzekuchengetedza vanhu vasina simba. Kuva nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vane mabasa akasimba uye ane chinangwa munharaunda kunogona kuderedza manzwiro ekusafarira vanhu vose.
2. Kukurudzira Kubatana Kwevanhu: Kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda uye kudyidzana kwevanhu kunogona kusimbisa hukama hwevanhu. Kugadzira nzvimbo dzekuti vanhu vabatane pachavo, kungave kuburikidza nemabasa emunharaunda, kuzvipira, kana mapoka ekutsigirana, kunogona kubatsira kurwisa manzwiro ekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.
3. Kujairana Nekuchinja Kwetekinoroji: Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichichinja hupenyu hwedu, zvakakosha kuti tive neruzivo rwedhijitari uye kugona kushinga. Kukurudzira maitiro akanaka epamhepo uye kukurudzira hukama hwechokwadi kunogona kubatsira vanhu kutarisana nematambudziko enguva yedhijitari.
mhedziso
Pfungwa yeanomie mumagariro evanhu inopa nzwisiso yakadzama pamusoro pekuchinja kuripo pakati pevanhu nenzanga. Dzidziso yaDurkheim inoramba ichienderera mberi munyika ine shanduko nekukurumidza uye kusava nechokwadi. Sezvatinofamba nematambudziko ehupenyu hwemazuva ano, kugadzirisa anomie kunoda kushanda pamwe chete kusimbisa kubatana kwevanhu, kukurudzira mitemo inosanganisira vese, uye kukurudzira hukama hune chinangwa. Nekunzwisisa nekugadzirisa zvikonzero zveanomie, tinogona kugadzira nzanga yakasimba uye yakabatana kune vese.
