Kubatana Pakati Pezvemagariro Evanhu Nevanhu
Munyika yesainzi yemagariro evanhu, sociology neanthropology zvinobuda sezvidzidzo zvakabatana zvakadzama, chimwe nechimwe chichipa maonero akasiyana asi anowirirana pamaitiro evanhu, nzanga, netsika. Mapoka ese ari maviri anoedza kunzwisisa kuomarara kwekuvapo kwevanhu, kunyangwe vachisvika pachinangwa ichi kuburikidza nemagirazi akasiyana. Kuongorora hukama huripo pakati pesociology neanthropology kunoratidza kuwirirana kukuru munzira dzavo, zvinangwa, uye nzwisiso, zvichizopedzisira zvabatsira mukunzwisisa kwakazara hupenyu hwevanhu.
Historical Background uye Development
Sociology neanthropology zvine midzi yakasiyana yenhoroondo, asi kukura kwazvo kwakabatana zvakanyanya. Sociology, inowanzotsanangurwa sekudzidza nezvenzanga, yakatanga muzana remakore rechi19 nekuda kwekuchinja kukuru kwenzanga kwakakonzerwa nekukura kwemaindasitiri nekuvandudzwa. Vafungi vakaita saAuguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, naMax Weber vaida kunzwisisa kuoma kwehurongwa hwenzanga, shanduko yenzanga, uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera maitiro evanhu munharaunda dzemazuva ano.
Anthropology, inobva pamashoko echiGiriki ekuti "munhu" (anthropos) uye "kudzidza" (logos), yakatanga sechidzidzo chakanangana nekudzidza tsika dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya nzanga dzisiri dzekumadokero. Yakatanga panguva yekukura kwetsika nekutsvaga, nenyanzvi dzekutanga dzeanthropology dzakadai saFranz Boas, Bronisław Malinowski, naAlfred Radcliffe-Brown vachisimbisa kuvimbika kwetsika uye ruzivo rwetsika sezvinhu zvakakosha pakunzwisisa tsika dzevanhu.
Pasinei nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutanga, zvidzidzo zvese izvi zvakashanduka nekukwereta pfungwa nenzira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Kudyidzana uku kwakaoma kunozviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuita tsvakurudzo dzakafanana kusvika pakubatanidza dzidziso.
Zvakajairika muNzira dzeKutsvaga
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha pakati pesociology neanthropology chiri mumaitiro avo ekutsvagisa avanogovana. Madhigirii ese ari maviri anoshandisa nzira dzekuongorora maitiro evanhu nezviitiko zvemagariro evanhu. Nzira dzekuongorora maitiro evanhu, dzakadai se ethnography, kutarisa kwevatori vechikamu, uye kubvunzurudza kwakadzama, dzakakurumbira mu anthropology asi dzinoshandiswawo zvakanyanya musociology kuunganidza ruzivo rwakapfuma, rwemamiriro ezvinhu nezvezviitiko zvevanhu. Nzira idzi dzinobvumira vaongorori kuongorora tsika, kudyidzana kwevanhu, uye zvinoreva kubva pamaonero emunhu.
Nzira dzehuwandu, dzinosanganisira ongororo, kuyedza, uye ongororo yehuwandu, dzakakosha musociology pakunzwisisa maitiro akafara emagariro evanhu uye fungidziro dzekuyedza. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzinoshandisawo nzira dzehuwandu kuti dziongorore zvinhu zvakaita semafambiro evanhu, maumbirwo ehukama, uye masisitimu ehupfumi. Kubatanidza nzira dzehuwandu nedzehuwandu kunogonesa vaongorori muminda yese miviri kuti vanzwisise zvizere zviitiko zvemagariro evanhu.
Uyezve, zvikoro zvose izvi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekutsvaga kuenzanisa. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinowanzo enzanisa mapoka akasiyana-siyana evanhu, masangano, kana nzanga kuti vaone maitiro uye kusiyana, nepo nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzichinyanya kutarisa pakuenzanisa tsika dzakasiyana kuti dzibudise pachena zvinhu zvehupenyu hwevanhu zvepasi rose uye zvetsika. Maonero aya ekuenzanisa anobatsira kujekesa misimboti iri pasi inoumba maitiro evanhu uye kurongeka kwenharaunda.
Theoretical Frameworks uye Concepts
Sociology neanthropology zvine marongerwo akawanda edzidziso nepfungwa dzinosimbisa hukama hwazvo. Mabasa ekuvaka, symbolic interactionism, conflict theory, uye postmodernism mimwe mienzaniso yedzidziso dzinoshandiswa muminda yese kuongorora maumbirwo emagariro evanhu, maitiro, uye zvinoreva.
Maitiro ekuvaka, akatangwa naÉmile Durkheim uye akasimudzirwazve nenyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzakadai saAR Radcliffe-Brown, anoona nzanga senzira yakaoma yezvikamu zvakabatana zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuchengetedza kugadzikana uye kurongeka. Maonero aya anoshandiswa kudzidza masangano emagariro evanhu, tsika, uye mabasa avo mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwemagariro evanhu.
Kudyidzana kwezviratidzo, kwakavakirwa mubasa renyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzakadai saGeorge Herbert Mead naHerbert Blumer, kunosimbisa kukosha kwezviratidzo nezvinorehwa mukudyidzana kwevanhu. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzinoshandisawo maonero aya kuti dzinzwisise kuti zviratidzo netsika zvinoumba sei maonero evanhu nehukama hwavo.
Dzidziso yekukakavadzana, yakafuridzirwa nekuongorora kwaKarl Marx nzanga dzemakapitalisti, inoongorora simba, kusaenzana, uye shanduko munharaunda. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu nedzevanhu vanoshandisa hurongwa uhu kuongorora mapoka evanhu, dzinza, murume kana mukadzi, nedzimwe nzira dzekupatsanurana munharaunda uye kusawirirana kunokonzereswa nenharaunda.
Postmodernism, iyo inopikisa nyaya huru uye inogamuchira kusiyana, kusanzwisisika, uye kupatsanuka, yakapesvedzera mativi ese ari maviri. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu nenyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzinoshandisa maonero epostmodern kuti dziongorore zvakadzama pfungwa dzekuzivikanwa, tsika, uye simba munharaunda dzanhasi.
Nzvimbo dzeKusangana uye Kushandira Pamwe Chete
Nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzekutsvaga dzinoratidza kupindirana nekushandira pamwe pakati pesociology neanthropology. Zvidzidzo pamusoro pekudyidzana kwenyika, kutama kwevanhu, uye transnationalism mienzaniso mikuru yemisoro apo zvikoro zvese izvi zvinosangana kuti zvipe ongororo yakazara.
Kudyidzana kwenyika, kunoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwekubatana uye kuchinjana kwetsika, kune zvakunoreva zvikuru kunharaunda pasi rose. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinoongorora kukanganisa kwedyidzana kwenyika pahurongwa hwehupfumi, kusaenzana kwevanhu, uye kufanana kwetsika, ukuwo nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzichiongorora kuti tsika dzemuno dzinochinja sei, dzinoramba sei, kana kuti dzinochinja sei mukupindura kupesvedzero yepasi rose. Tsvagiridzo yekubatsirana munharaunda iyi inopa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekubatana kwakaoma pakati pemasimba epasi rose neemunharaunda anoumba hupenyu hwevanhu.
Zvidzidzo zvekutama zvinobatsirwawo nehunyanzvi hwakabatana hwenyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu nenyanzvi dzezvevanhu. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzinoongorora maitiro ekutama, marongero, uye kubatanidzwa kwevatorwa munharaunda dzinovagamuchira, vachisimbisa zvinhu zvemaumbirwo uye masocial network. Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinotarisa pane zvakaitika kune vatorwa, kutaurirana nezvekuzivikanwa kwavo, uye shanduko dzetsika. Pamwe chete, maonero aya anopa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwekutama sechiitiko chemagariro evanhu chine mativi akawanda.
Kutenderera kwenyika, uko kunoongorora kubatana uye kuyerera kwevanhu, zvinhu, mazano, uye mari kuburikidza nemiganhu yenyika, kunoratidza zvakare hunhu hwesociology neanthropology pakati pemasangano akasiyana. Vaongorori muzvikamu zvese zviri zviviri vanoongorora kuti tsika dzepasi rose dzinoumba sei hunhu, nharaunda, uye masangano emagariro evanhu, zvichipa maonero akabatana ehupenyu hwemazuva ano hwemagariro evanhu.
mhedziso
Kubatana kuripo pakati pesosiology neanthropology kunoonekwa muzvinangwa zvavo zvakafanana, nzira, uye dzidziso. Masangano ese ari maviri anoedza kuburitsa pachena kuoma kwemaitiro evanhu, maumbirwo emagariro evanhu, uye zvinoreva tsika, vachiwanzobatana uye vachikwereta kubva kune mumwe nemumwe kuti vawedzere ongororo dzavo. Nekuziva nekugamuchira kubatana kwavo, nyanzvi dzesosiology nenyanzvi dzeanthropology vanogona kuramba vachipa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pehunhu hwakasiyana-siyana uye hunogara huchichinja hwenzanga dzevanhu. Kungave kuburikidza nekutsvagisa kwekuenzanisa, kushandira pamwe kwedzidzo dzakasiyana, kana kubatanidzwa kwenzira dzemhando yepamusoro nedzehuwandu, kubatana kuripo pakati pesosiology neanthropology kunokurudzira kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kwakanyatsojeka kwenyika yenzanga.
