Basa reMasero Machena Eropa muSistimu yeKudzivirira Kupararira Kwezvirwere
Masisitimu emuviri wemunhu inzira yekudzivirira yakasimba iyo inokosha kuti munhu ararame munzvimbo ine utachiona hunogona kukuvadza senge mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi, fungi, uye tupukanana. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvesisitimu iyi yakakura masero machena eropa (WBCs), anozivikanwawo semaleukocytes. Masero aya anogadzirwa zvakanyanya mumongo wemapfupa, anotenderera muropa rese uye mu lymphatic system izvo zvinoabvumira kutarisa nekurwisa hutachiona nezvimwe zvirwere nguva dzose. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa basa rakakosha rinoitwa nemasero machena eropa musisitimu yemuviri, ichiratidza mhando dzawo, mashandiro awo, uye mashandiro aanoita.
Mhando dzeMasero Machena Eropa
Masero machena eropa akapatsanurwa kuita mhando dzakasiyana-siyana, rimwe nerimwe riine mabasa aro chaiwo. Anogona kuiswa mumapoka maviri: magranulocytes nemaagranulocytes.
Granulocytes
Masero aya anoratidzwa nekuvapo kwemagranules mu cytoplasm yavo uye anosanganisira:
1. MaNeutrophils: Anenge 60-70% yemaWBC ese, maNeutrophils ndiwo anotanga kupindura kuhutachiona hwemabhakitiriya. Anoshanda zvikuru pakurwisa hutachiona, achimedza nekugaya hutachiona hunopinda mumuviri.
2. MaEosinophils: Masero aya anoita basa rakakosha mukudzivirira hutachiona hwezvipembenene uye anogadzirisawo maitiro ekuzvimba kwemasero. MaEosinophils anogona kuburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu kurwisa zvipembenene zvikuru zvisingagone kupiswa.
3. MaBasophils: Kunyangwe asina kuwanda, maBasophils akakosha mukudzivirira allergy nekuburitsa histamine neheparin. Anobatsirawo kuronga mashandiro emuviri ekudzivirira chirwere nekuburitsa mamorekuru anozivikanwa se cytokines.
MaAgranulocytes
MaAgranulocytes haana magranules anooneka uye anosanganisira:
1. Lymphocytes: Dzine angangoita 20-25% yemaWBC, malymphocytes akakosha pakuita kuti dziviriro yemuviri ishande zvakanaka. Dzakakamurwa kuita zvinotevera:
– Masero eB: Ane basa rekugadzira ma antibodies, masero eB anoziva uye anosunga kune maantigen chaiwo, zvichitanga mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri inonaka.
– Masero eT: Aya anobatanidzwa mukudzivirira muviri kunokonzerwa nemasero. Masero eT akakamurwa kuita masero eT anobatsira (CD4+), anobatsira mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri, uye masero eT ane chepfu (CD8+), anoparadza masero ane utachiona kana kuti ane kenza.
– Masero Anouraya Zvisikwa (NK): Masero aya anokurumidza kupindura kumasero ane utachiona kana kuumbwa kwegomarara nekukonzera kufa kwemasero (apoptosis).
2. Mamonocytes: Rudzi rukuru rwemaWBC, anogona kupatsanurwa kuita macrophages nemasero edendritic, ayo akakosha pakuratidzwa kwephagocytosis neantigen, zvichiteerana.
Mabasa eMasero Machena Eropa
Kuzivikanwa uye Mhinduro yePathogen
Basa guru remasero machena eropa nderekuziva nekupindura kune utachiona. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
1. Phagocytosis: MaNeutrophils, monocytes, uye macrophages zvinoputira nekugaya tupukanana. Masero aya anogona kuziva mapatani emamorekuru akabatana netupukanana (PAMPs) kuburikidza nema pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) akaita seToll-like receptors (TLRs), zvichiita kuti mhinduro ishande nekukurumidza.
2. Kuratidzwa kweAntigen: Mushure me phagocytosis, macrophages nemasero e dendritic zvinopa zvidimbu zvepathogen (antigens) kumasero eT. Kuratidzwa kweantigen uku kwakakosha pakukurudzira mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika, kunyanya pakugadzirwa kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere anoenderana nepathogen.
Kuparadzwa kweMasero Ane Utachiona
Kana zvapinda mumuviri, zvimwe zvirwere negomarara zvinogona kuvanda mumasero. Kuti zvirwise izvi, masero eT ane chepfu uye masero eNK anoona uye anoparadza masero aya akakuvara. Mhinduro iyi inobva mumasero inoita kuti hutachiona husapararire.
Kugadzirwa kweMasoja Emuviri
Masero eB ndiwo anogadzira ma antibodies, ari mapuroteni anonyatsobatana nemaantigen. Kana angosungwa, ma antibodies aya anobvisa chepfu, anoisa chiratidzo chekuparadza hutachiona, uye anomutsa zvimwe zvikamu zve immune system, kusanganisira system yekuwedzera.
Modulation of Immune Response
MaBasophils nemaeosinophils anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa mashandiro emuviri, kunyanya panguva yekurwara nezvirwere uye hutachiona. Kuburitswa kwehistamine nezvimwe zvinhu kubva mumasero aya kunobatsira kudzora kusimba uye hunhu hwemaitiro emuviri ekudzivirira chirwere.
Maitiro Ekuita
Kuzivikanwa uye Kuratidza
Masero machena eropa anoshandisa mareceptor akasiyana-siyana kuti aone utachiona. Semuenzaniso, maTLR anoziva zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehutachiona, zvakaita se lipopolysaccharides (LPS) panzvimbo dzebhakitiriya. Kana mareceptor aya akaona utachiona, anotanga kubuda kwezviratidzo mukati memasero, zvichikonzera kushanda kwemhinduro dzemuviri.
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis zvinoreva kufamba kwemasero machena eropa achienda kunzvimbo yehutachiona nekuda kwezviratidzo zvemakemikari. Maitiro aya anoita kuti maWBC arambe akabatana panzvimbo dzehutachiona kuti arwise hutachiona zvinobudirira.
Apoptosis
Mamwe masero machena eropa, akadai semasero eNK uye masero eT ane chepfu, anogona kukonzera apoptosis mumasero ane hutachiona hwehutachiona kana kenza. Anoburitsa perforin kuti igadzire maburi mumembrane yesero, ichiteverwa nema enzymes akadai se granzymes anokonzera apoptosis.
Kurapwa Kwekiriniki
Kusarongeka kwehuwandu hwemasero machena eropa kana mashandiro awo kunogona kuratidza zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
Nhamba Yakakwira yeWBC (Leukocytosis)
Kuwanda kweWBC kunogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona, kuzvimba, kushushikana, leukemia, nezvimwe zvirwere zvemupfupa. Leukocytosis inowanzoita kuti pave nekuferefetwa kwakawanda kuti paonekwe chikonzero chacho.
Nhamba yeWBC yakaderera (Leukopenia)
Kuderera kwehuwandu hweWBC kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vave panjodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere. Matambudziko akadai seHIV/AIDS, kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemubofu, zvirwere zve autoimmune, uye mimwe mishonga zvinogona kukonzera leukopenia. Kurapa kunowanzo tarisa chikonzero chacho.
Functional Disorders
Zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini, zvakaita sechirwere chegranulomatous chisingaperi (CGD), zvinokanganisa kugona kwemasero machena eropa kushanda zvakanaka. Zvirwere izvi zvinowanzokonzera hutachiona hunodzokororwa uye zvinoda nzira dzakanyatsorongeka dzekutarisira.
mhedziso
Masero machena eropa ndiwo magamba asingazivikanwe ekudzivirira muviri. Kubva pakutanga kuzivikanwa kwehutachiona uye kuparadzwa kusvika pakuronga mhinduro dzakaoma dzekudzivirira muviri, mabasa avo akawanda uye akakosha. Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero eWBC hakungowedzere kunzwisisa kwedu kwekudzivirira muviri asiwo kunobatsira mukugadzirwa kwemishonga nekurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi ichiratidza ruzivo rwakanyanya kuoma nezvemasero aya anonakidza, zvichiratidza basa rawo rinokosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu.
Nekunzwisisa kuomarara uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemasero machena eropa, tinowana kunzwisisa chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekudzivirira muviri wedu, zvichiratidza kushamisa kwemaitiro emuviri wemunhu ekudzivirira muviri.
