Maumbirwo uye Basa reKornea
Kornea ndeimwe yezvikamu zvakakosha uye zvinonakidza zveziso remunhu, zvinowanzozivikanwa nekuonekwa kwayo kwakajeka, kwakaita sedome kunoita kuti chiedza chipinde muziso. Inoita basa rakakosha mukuona, ichitarisa simba guru reziso rekutarisa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora maumbirwo akaomarara uye mashandiro ekoronea, tichiongorora zvikamu zvayo zvakasiyana, mabasa ainoita, uye mashandiro ehupenyu anotsigira mashandiro ayo.
Zvimiro zveCornea
Kornea chimiro chakasiyana chakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvishanu zvakasiyana, chimwe nechimwe chine mabasa akakosha:
1. Epithelium: Chikamu chekunze chine chikamu chidiki, chinodzoreredza masero chinodzivirira cornea kubva kuguruva, marara, uye mabhakitiriya. Hachingoshandi sechidziviriro chemuviri chete asiwo senzvimbo yekuisa okisijeni nezvinovaka muviri. Chikamu cheepithelium chine ukobvu hwemasero angangoita 5-7 uye chine kugona kukuru kwekupora nekukurumidza kubva mukukuvara kudiki, kuchengetedza hutano nekujeka kwecornea.
2. Bowman's Layer: Pasi pe epithelium pane Bowman's layer, ine collagen fibers yakawanda. Haina simba rekudzivirira kukuvara nehutachiona, zvichipa dziviriro yekuwedzera kune cornea stroma. Kunyangwe iine simba shoma rekugadzirisa, Bowman's layer inobatsira kuchengetedza chimiro uye kujeka kwecornea.
3. Stroma: Stroma inoumba inenge 90% yeukobvu hwe cornea uye inoumbwa ne collagen fibrils dzakarongwa nguva dzose. Kurongeka uku kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kujeka kwe cornea, sezvo kusarongeka kunogona kuparadzira chiedza nekukanganisa kuona. Keratocytes, masero akasarudzika ari mukati me stroma, anoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira nekuchengetedza stromal collagen nezvimwe zvikamu zve extracellular matrix.
4. Descemet's Membrane: Iyi layer yakatetepa asi yakasimba, iri pakati pestroma ne endothelium, inoshanda sechidziviriro chinodzivirira zvikamu zvemukati zve cornea. Descemet's membrane inozivikanwa nekusagona kwayo kukuvara uye kugona kwayo kudzoka patsva mushure mekukuvara, zvichiita kuti ive chivakwa chakakosha chekuchengetedza hutano hwe cornea.
5. Endothelium: Chikamu chemukati chine chikamu chimwe chete chemasero ane madenderedzwa matanhatu ane basa rekudzora kufamba kwemvura nemafuta pakati pemvura inoyerera (mvura iri pamberi peiris) ne corneal stroma. Endothelium inochengetedza kushaya mvura mumuviri, izvo zvakakosha kuti chiedza chibude pachena uye chiedza chienderere mberi zvakanaka. Kusiyana ne epithelium, masero e endothelial ane kugona kushoma kwekuzvigadzirisa, uye huwandu hwawo hunowanzo kudzikira nekukura kana chirwere.
Mabasa eCornea
Mabasa maviri makuru e cornea ndeyekudzivirira nekuona, rimwe nerimwe rinosanganisira mabasa akasiyana-siyana:
1. Kupatsanura: Kornea ndiyo nzvimbo huru yeziso inopenya, ichikombamisa mwaranzi yechiedza kuti ionekwe pa retina. Kukombama kwayo uye kuchinja kwemhepo nenyama ye cornea zvinoderedza chiedza zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti chive neinenge 70% yesimba rose reziso rekuona. Basa iri rakakosha pakuona zvakajeka uye zvakapinza.
2. Dziviriro: Nekushanda sechidziviriro chemuviri, cornea inodzivirira zvimiro zvemukati meziso kubva mukukuvadzwa kwekunze kwakadai seguruva, utachiona, uye kukuvara kwemuviri. Kugona kwe epithelium kunowedzera basa iri rekudzivirira.
3. Kusefa Mwenje weUltraviolet: Kornea inosefa huwandu hwemwaranzi yezuva inokuvadza yeultraviolet (UV), ichidzivirira kukuvara kwelenzi neretina, izvo zvinogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakaita secataract kana macular degeneration.
4. Kuchengetedza Kujeka Uye Kujeka: Kurongeka kwecollagen fibrils mustroma kwakarongeka zvakanaka kuti chiedza chibude pachena. Pamusoro pezvo, endothelium inoramba ichiburitsa mvura yakawandisa kubva mustroma kuti irambe iine mvura shoma, zvakakosha pakuchengetedza kujeka kwekona.
5. Kutsigira kweBiomechanical: Kunze kwehunhu hwayo hwekudzora kupenya kwemaziso, chimiro checornea chinotsigira globe yeziso, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza chimiro chayo. Rutivi rumwe nerumwe runobatsira kusimba uye kugadzikana kwese, zvichiita kuti ziso rirambe rakagadzikana mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
Maitiro eBiological uye Hutano hweCornea
Kuti cornea ishande zvakanaka, inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvebhayoloji nezvinhu zvinotevera:
1. Kuvandudzwa uye Kuporeswa kweMasero: Epithelium ye corneal inogona kuzvivandudza patsva mazuva ese manomwe kusvika gumi, izvi zvinoitwa nemasero e limbal ari panzvimbo ye cornea ne sclera. Kuvandudzwa uku kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kusimba kwepamusoro uye kutsvedzerera kwakakosha pakudzivirira chiedza.
2. Kuwanikwa Kwezvinovaka Muviri Uye Okisijeni: Kunyangwe cornea iri avascular (isina mitsipa yeropa), ichiri kuda zvinovaka muviri uye okisijeni, izvo zvinonyanya kuwanikwa nemisodzi uye humor yemvura. Epithelium ne endothelium zvinoita basa guru mukunyudza nekutakura mamorekuru aya akakosha.
3. Kudzivirira Kudzivirira: Kornea ine masero akawanda ekudzivirira muviri uye mapeptide anorwisa utachiona mukati mezvimiro zvayo, zvichipa dziviriro yakasimba kubva kuzvirwere zvinogona kuitika. Zvisinei, mamiriro ayo ekudzivirira muviri anobatsira kuderedza kuzvimba kunogona kukonzera mavanga uye kurasikirwa nekujeka.
4. Kudzora Kuyerera Kwemvura: Basa repombi ye endothelial rakakosha mukuchengetedza cornea deturgescence (mamiriro ekushaya mvura yakakwana mumuviri), uye chero kukanganisa mubasa iri kunogona kukonzera kuzvimba kwe cornea uye kusviba kwemaziso. Kushanda zvakanaka kwenzira dze ion uye kutakurwa kwemvura mu endothelium kwakakosha pakuita uku.
Kufunga Nezvekurapa uye Mamiriro Ezvinhu Anokanganisa Cornea
Pasinei nekugona kwayo kutsungirira, cornea inowanzoitika mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuona:
1. Keratitis: Kuzvimba kwe cornea, kunowanzokonzerwa nehutachiona kana kukuvara, kunogona kukonzera kurwadziwa, kutsvuka, uye kutadza kuona zvakanaka. Kurapwa nekukurumidza kwakakosha kudzivirira kukuvara zvachose.
2. Kusashanda zvakanaka kweCorneal: Matambudziko aya ekuberekwa anokonzera shanduko mumagadzirirwo ecorneal, zvichikonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwecorneal uye kurasikirwa nekuona. Mienzaniso inosanganisira Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy uye keratoconus.
3. Chirwere cheMaziso Akaoma: Kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwemisodzi kana kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwemisodzi kunogona kukonzera kuoma kwemaziso, zvichikanganisa hutano hwemaziso nekushanda zvakanaka. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kusagadzikana, kuona zvisipo, uye kubatwa nezvirwere.
4. Maronda eCorneal: Maronda aya ari pakona yeziso, anowanzo konzerwa nehutachiona kana kukuvara, anogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye kurasikirwa nekuona kana akasarapwa nemazvo uye nemazvo.
5. Kuvhiyiwa: Maitiro akaita seLASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) anochinja chimiro che cornea kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zve refractive. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji zvichibudirira, kuvhiyiwa kwakadaro kune njodzi, kusanganisira matambudziko anogona kukanganisa kunaka kwe cornea uye kupora kwayo.
mhedziso
Kornea chimiro chemuenzaniso chekugadzirwa uye mashandiro emuviri, chakakosha pakuona uye hutano hwemaziso. Matanho ayo akaomarara anoshanda pamwe chete kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti chiedza chakajeka, chinodzivirira, uye chakanyatsotarisa chiedza, zvichisimbisa kukosha kwaro muhunhu hwese hweziso uye mashandiro aro. Kunzwisisa chimiro uye mashandiro ekoronea, pamwe chete nemaitiro anochengetedza hutano hwayo, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise basa rayo uye kugadzirisa mamiriro akasiyana-siyana anogona kuikanganisa.
