Van der Walls izita renyanzvi yefizikisi yekuDutch, JD van der Waals (1837-1923). Van der Waals Equation of State iequation yemamiriro egasi, yakafanana neThe equation yemamiriro egasi rakanaka. Musiyano ndewekuti, The equation yemamiriro egasi rakanaka haigone kupa mhinduro dzakarurama kana kumanikidzwa uye density yegasi chaiyo yakakura zvakakwana. Nepo Van der Waals Equation of State ichigona kuburitsa mhinduro dzakarurama.
Kuvapo kwe equation iyi kunobva kuna Van der Waals, uyo akaona miganhu ye equation yemamiriro akakwana. Waals, shandura equation yemamiriro egasi rakakwana, nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinopesvedzerawo mamiriro egasi chairo, kana kumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegasi chairo hwakakura.
Kumanikidzwa kwegasi kunoenderana nevhoriyamu. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kukawedzera, vhoriyamu yegasi inoderera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana vhoriyamu yegasi ikaderera, vhoriyamu yegasi inowedzera. Kana vhoriyamu yegasi ikaderera, huwandu hwegasi hunowedzera (huwandu = uremu / vhoriyamu). Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kumanikidzwa kwacho kwakanangana nehuwandu. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kuri kukuru, huwandu hwegasi hwakakurawo. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kuri kudiki, huwandu hwegasi hudikiwo. Kumanikidzwa kwegasi kunoenderanawo nekupisa. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kukawedzera, tembiricha yegasi inowedzera. Tinogona kugumisa kuti kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kukawedzera, tembiricha, uye huwandu hwegasi, nepo vhoriyamu yegasi ichiderera.
Kana huwandu hwegasi hwaderera, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rinova pedyo. Kana daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rava pedyo, mamorekuru anokweverana. Zvakafanana kana chidimbu chesimbi chikaswededzwa pedyo nemagnet. Kana daro riri pakati pemagnet nesimbi rakakwana, magineti haigone kukwevera simbi. Asi kana daro riri pakati pemagnet nesimbi rava pedyo, simbi inokwevedzwa pedyo. Kana mamorekuru ava kuda kuroverana, maerekitironi ari kunze kwemorekuru anodzingana (electrical repulsion). Nekuda kweizvozvo, mamorekuru haagone kubatana. Kubva patsananguro pfupi iyi, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti simba rekukwevera pakati pemamorekuru rinokanganisa mamiriro egasi.
Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kwakura zvakakwana, uye huwandu hwegasi hukava hudiki, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rinova pedyo. Nekuti mamorekuru ane saiziwo (diameter yeatomu = 10).-10 m), saka tinofanirawo kufunga nezvehuwandu hwemamorekuru aya.
Van der Waals anoderedza equation yemamiriro ezvinhu, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwemamorekuru uye kudyidzana kunoitika pakati pemamorekuru. Equation inotorwa naVan der Waals imhedzisiro yekushandurwa kwe equation yemamiriro egasi akakodzera PV = n R T. Van der Waals Equation yeMagariro:
P = kumanikidzwa kwegesi (N / m2 = Pa)
V = vhoriyamu yegesi (m3)
R = gasi risingaperi repasi rose (R = 8.315 J / mol. K = 8315 kJ / kmol. K)
T = tembiricha (K)
a = chinhu chisingachinji (kukosha kunoenderana nesimba rekukwezvana pakati pemamorekuru egasi)
b = empirical constant (inomiririra huwandu hwe mole imwe yemamorekuru egasi)
n = Nhamba yemamota (mol)
bn = huwandu hwese hwemamorekuru egasi
Makonstant a na b anowanikwa kuburikidza nekuyedza. Makonstant asingaperi a na b anoenderana nerudzi rwegasi.
n2 /V2 = chiyero chequadratic chenhamba yemamoles (n) ne sikweya yevhoriyamu yegasi (V). Kukosha kwe n2 /V2 zvinoenderana nekumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegasi. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi (P) kuri kukuru, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwegasi (V) hudiki. Kana V iri diki, hukuru ndi n2 /V2Kana huwandu hwegasi huri hudiki (n2 /V2 yakakura) daro riri pakati pemamorekuru riri pedyo. Daro riri pakati pemamorekuru riri pedyo, ndipo panowedzera kudyidzana pakati pemamorekuru aya (kusangana, kudhonzana). Nokudaro, n2 /V2 inoenderana zvakananga nechinhu chisingachinji (enzanisa ne van der Waals equation). Kukosha kwe n kwakakura2 /V2, kukwezvana pakati pemamorekuru (a) kukuru.
Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi (P) kuri kudiki, huwandu hwegasi (V) hunova hukuru. Kana V ichinyanya kuoneka, n inova diki.2 /V2. Iyo n yakaderera2 /V2, simba rinokwezva riri pakati pemamorekuru rinoderera.
(V – bn) = Musiyano uripo pakati pehuwandu hwegasi nehuwandu hwese hwemamorekuru egasi. Iyo b isingachinji inomiririra huwandu hwemole imwe yemamorekuru egasi. n = huwandu hwemamorekuru. Chibereko chenguva iri pakati peb na n (bn) = huwandu hwese hwemamorekuru egasi. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi (P) kukanyanya kukosha, huwandu hwegasi (V) hunowedzera kuderera.
Kana V diki, diki (V - bn). Izvi zvinoreva kuti daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rinowedzera uye, zvechokwadi, kukwezvana pakati pemamorekuru kunowedzera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kukaderera, huwandu hwegasi hunokura. Kana huwandu hwegasi hwakakosha, huwandu hwakakwira (V - bn). Kana (V - bn) yakakura, kukwezvana pakati pemamorekuru egasi kudiki.
Tinogona kutaura kuti equation ye van der Waals state inotsanangura mamiriro egasi chaiwo nemazvo kupfuura equation yegasi yakakodzera. Kana kumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegasi zvakakura zvakakwana, equation ye van der Waals inopa mhedzisiro yakarurama. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kusina kukura zvakanyanya, saka (an2 /V2) uye (V-bn) zvinogona kufuratirwa, kuitira kuti equation yemamiriro eVan der Waals ichinje kuita equation yemamiriro egasi akakodzera.
