Mafungu akamira - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Tambo ye3-m yakasungirirwa kune rimwe divi uye rimwe divi rakabatana nevibrator. Kana vibrator yadedera, tambo yacho inoita wave isingachinji , sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Sarudza nzvimbo ye antinode yechishanu kubva kumagumo akasimbiswa.
Solution:
Kureba pakati pemafundo maviri = mamita matatu / 5 = mamita matatu neshanu.
Kureba pakati penodhi yekutanga nemugumo wakatarwa = 3/5 metres
Kureba pakati penodhi yechipiri nemugumo wakatarwa = 2 (3/5 metres) = 6/5 metres
Daro riri pakati penodhi yechitatu nemagumo akasimbiswa = 3 (3/5 metres) = 9/5 metres
Kureba pakati penodhi yechina nemagumo akasimbiswa = 4 (3/5 metres) = 12/5 metres
Kureba pakati penodhi neantinode = 1/2 (3/5 metres) = 3/10 metres.
Kureba pakati pechinoda cheshanu nemagumo akagadzika = kureba pakati penode yechina nemagumo akagadzika + kureba pakati penode neantinode = 12/5 + 3/10 = 24/10 + 3/10 = 27/10 = 2.7 metres.
2. Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, mugumo mumwe wakabatana nevibrator uye mumwe mugumo wakagadzika. Kana kureba kwetambo kuri 1.5 metres, tsvaga daro riri pakati penode yechina nevibrator.
Solution:
Kureba pakati pemafundo maviri = 1.5 metres / 11 = 1.5 / 11 metres.
Kureba pakati penodhi yekutanga nevibrator = 1.5 / 11 metres
Kureba pakati penodhi yechipiri nevibrator = 2 (1.5 / 11 metres) = 3/11 metres
Kureba pakati penzvimbo yechitatu neinodhibhisa = 3 (1.5 / 11 metres) = 4.5 / 11 metres
Kureba pakati penodhi yechina nevibrator = 4 (1.5 / 11 metres) = 6/11 metres = 0.54 metres
3. Tambo ine magumo ese ari maviri anoramba akatsiga, zvichigadzira toni huru ine frequency ye420 Hz. Sarudza toni yechitatu.
A. 840 Hz
B. 1260 Hz
C. 1680 Hz
D. 2940 Hz
Zvinozivikanwa:
Mafambiro ekutanga (f 1 ) = 420 Hz
Magumo ese ari maviri anochengetwa akasimba.
Zvinodiwa: inzwi rechitatu
Solution:
Toni yekutanga (f 2 ) = 2 f 1 = 2 (420 Hz) = 840 Hz
Izwi rechipiri rinonzwika (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (420 Hz) = 1260 Hz
Tone rechitatu (f 4 ) = 4 f 1 = 4 (420 Hz) = 1680 Hz
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.
4. Kureba kwehurefu hweruzha rwekutanga rwetambo i40 cm. Kana kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha mumhepo kuri 340 m/s, sarudza ruzha rwechitatu.
A. 850 Hz
B. 1600 Hz
C. 1700 Hz
D. 3200 Hz
Zvinozivikanwa:
Hurefu hwemafungu ezwi rekutanga (λ) = 40 cm = 0.4 metres
Kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha mumhepo (v) = 340 metres/sekondi
Zvinodiwa: kuwanda kwezwi rechitatu rekuwedzera
Solution:
Pazasi pane mufananidzo wewave yakamira patambo ine mativi ese ari maviri akachengetwa. Kutanga, verenga hurefu hwetambo uchishandisa wavelength ye overtone yekutanga. Mushure meizvozvo, usati waverenga frequency ye overtone yechitatu, tanga, verenga wavelength ye overtone yechitatu.
Urefu hwemafungu ezwi rekutanga:
Kureba kwetambo (L) = 2. ½ λ
Kureba kwetambo (L) = λ
Kureba kwetambo (L) = 0.4 metres
Urefu hwemafungu ezwi rechitatu:
L = 2 λ
0.4 = 2 λ
λ = 0.4 / 2
λ = 0.2 mamita
Kuwanda kwezwi rechitatu:
f = v / λ
f = 340 : 0.2
f = 1700 Hertz
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.
5. Chubhu yakavhurika kumativi ese ine urefu hwe40 cm inogadzira toni huru ine frequency ye420 Hz. Sarudza toni yechipiri.
A. 380 Hz
B. 460 Hz
C. 840 Hz
D. 1260 Hz
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kwepombi (L) = 40 cm = 0.4 metres
Kuwanda kwenzwi rekutanga (f 1 ) = 420 Hertz
Zvinodiwa: Kuwanda kwenzwi rechipiri (f 3 )
Solution:
Kana toni yekutanga (f 1 ) = 420 Hertz, ipapo toni yechipiri yepamusoro (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (420 Hertz) = 1260 Hertz
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
6. Mafungu eruzha ari pachubhu yakavharwa ane maitiro emafungu akafanana ne…
A. Kupararira kwemafungu patambo
B. Kupararira kwemafungu padenga remhepo
C. Kusimudza tambo yakamira yakasungirirwa kune rimwe divi
D. Kusimudza tambo yakamira yakasungirirwa kumativi ese
Solution:
Chubhu yakavharwa ichubhu yakavhurika kune rimwe divi asi yakavharwa kune rimwe divi, sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri pamusoro.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.
Mibvunzo makumi maviri nemhinduro dzine chekuita nemafungu akamira:
1. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi wave yakamira?
Mhinduro: Wave yakamira imhando yemafungu inoita seinoramba yakamira, ine mafundo nemanode, zvichikonzerwa nekupindira kwemafungu maviri anofamba akananga kwakasiyana.
2. Mubvunzo: Manodhi nemaantinodhi akasiyana sei?
Mhinduro: MaNode ndiwo mapoinzi asina kukura, apo mafungu anoramba ari panzvimbo yakamira, nepo maantinode ari mapoinzi ane kukura kwakanyanya.
3. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa mune chero nzira here?
Mhinduro: Mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa mune chero nzira inobvumira kupararira kwemafungu, senge tambo, makoramu emhepo, nemvura.
4. Mubvunzo: Kuwanda kwemafungu akamira kwakabatana sei nenhamba yawo yeharmonic?
Mhinduro: Frequency huru (first harmonic) ndiyo frequency yakaderera yewave yakamira. Harmonic dzakakwirira dzine mafrequence ari nhamba dzakazara dzefrequency huru.
5. Mubvunzo: Chii chinosarudza nzvimbo dzema "nodes" mu "standing wave"?
Mhinduro: Mafundo anoumbwa apo mafungu anofamba munzira dzakasiyana anopindirana zvinoparadza, achibvisana.
6. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogadzirwa sei patambo inosungirirwa kumativi ese ari maviri?
Mhinduro: Kana mafungu achifamba netambo achiratidza kumagumo akasimbiswa, anokanganisa mafungu anouya, zvichigadzira patani yemafungu akamira kana mafrequency acho achienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akati wandei.
7. Mubvunzo: Ndeipi hukama huripo pakati pehurefu hwewavelength nehurefu hwepakati mumafungu akamira?
Mhinduro: Kune tambo yakasungirirwa kumativi ese, kureba kwepakati kunosanganisira nhamba yakakwana yehafu yehurefu hwewave yakamira.
8. Mubvunzo: Sei mafungu akamira asingatamisi simba kuburikidza nepakati?
Mhinduro: Kunyange zvazvo zvidimbu zvega zvega zviri pakati zvichitenderera, maitiro emafungu anoramba akamira, saka hapana simba rinotakurwa kuenda kune chero divi rakati.
9. Mubvunzo: Unogona kuona mafungu akamira mumachubhu akavhurika here?
Mhinduro: Ehe, mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa mumachubhu akavhurika, asi mamiriro emuganhu akasiyana nemachubhu akavharwa, zvichikanganisa nzvimbo dzemachubhu nedzeantinode.
10. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kumafambiro akamira kana kumanikidzwa kwetambo kwawedzera?
Mhinduro: Kuwedzera kusimba kunowedzera kumhanya kwemafungu, izvo zvinogona kuchinja frequency uye patani yemafungu akamira.
11. Mubvunzo: Kurira kwemafungu kwakabatana sei nemafungu akamira?
Mhinduro: Kurira kunoitika kana simba rekunze kana kudedera zvikaenderana nefrequency yechisikigo, zvichigadzira wave yakamira yakasimba.
12. Mubvunzo: Ndeipi nguva yekutanga yekuverenga?
Mhinduro: Frequency huru, kana kuti first harmonic, ndiyo frequency yakaderera iyo system inogona kutsigira wave yakamira.
13. Mubvunzo: Manzwi akawandisa ane hukama hwakadini nemazwi anowirirana?
Mhinduro: Ma "Overtones" ma "frequencies" ari pamusoro pe "fundamental frequency". "Overtone" yekutanga inoenderana ne "harmonic" yechipiri, "overtone" yechipiri inoenderana ne "harmonic" yechitatu, zvichingodaro.
14. Mubvunzo: Sei pasina kuchinjika pama nodes?
Mhinduro: Pama node, mafungu maviri anopindira anenge asina kusimba ne 180°, zvichikonzera kupindira kunoparadza uye kusachinja zvachose.
15. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogona kupatsanurwa here?
Mhinduro: Mafungu akamira patambo anochinjika uye nokudaro ane gwara rekufamba-famba (polarization). Zvisinei, mune imwe nzvimbo yakaita semhepo, mafungu eruzha akamira akareba uye haaratidzi polarization.
16. Mubvunzo: Sei zviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvichishandisa musimboti wemafungu akamira?
Mhinduro: Zviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvinowanzoburitsa ruzha nekugadzira mafungu akamira, nemaharmoniki akasiyana achiburitsa manotsi akasiyana emimhanzi.
17. Mubvunzo: Kumhanya kwemafungu kwakabatana sei nefrequency uye wavelength yemafungu akamira?
Mhinduro: Kumhanya kwemafungu (v) chibereko chefrequency (f) uye wavelength (λ): v = fx λ.
18. Mubvunzo: Ko ma frequency maviri akasiyana anogona kugadzira mafungu akamira panzvimbo imwe chete here?
Mhinduro: Ehe, chero bedzi mafrequency acho achienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emafungu akamira munzvimbo iyoyo. Mafrequency ese anomiririra harmonic yakasiyana.
19. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira ari mumachubhu akavharwa akasiyana sei neari mumachubhu akavhurika?
Mhinduro: Mumachubhu akavharwa, mugumo mumwe une node nepo mumwe mugumo une antinode. Mumachubhu akazaruka, magumo ese ari maviri ane antinode.
20. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa nefrequency chero ipi zvayo mune imwe nzira here?
Mhinduro: Kwete, mafrequency chaiwo chete anosangana nemamiriro emuganhu wechinhu ichi ndiwo anogadzira mafungu akamira.
Kunzwisisa mafungu akamira kwakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumimhanzi kusvika pakutaurirana, sezvo zvichimiririra maitiro ekutanga emafungu mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
