Mafungu akamira - matambudziko nemhinduro

Mafungu akamira - matambudziko nemhinduro

1. Tambo ye3-m yakasungirirwa kune rimwe divi uye rimwe divi rakabatana nevibrator. Kana vibrator ikazungunuswa, tambo yacho inoita tambo isingachinji wave, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.

Sarudza nzvimbo ye antinode yechishanu kubva kumagumo akasimbiswa.

Solution:

mufambo pakati pemafundo maviri = mamita matatu / 5 = mamita matatu nemashanu.

Kureba pakati penodhi yekutanga nemugumo wakatarwa = 3/5 metres

Kureba pakati penodhi yechipiri nemugumo wakatarwa = 2 (3/5 metres) = 6/5 metres

Daro riri pakati penodhi yechitatu nemagumo akasimbiswa = 3 (3/5 metres) = 9/5 metres

Kureba pakati penodhi yechina nemagumo akasimbiswa = 4 (3/5 metres) = 12/5 metres

Kureba pakati penodhi neantinode = 1/2 (3/5 metres) = 3/10 metres.

Kureba pakati pechinoda cheshanu nemagumo akagadzika = kureba pakati penode yechina nemagumo akagadzika + kureba pakati penode neantinode = 12/5 + 3/10 = 24/10 + 3/10 = 27/10 = 2.7 metres.

2. Sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, mugumo mumwe wakabatana nevibrator uye mumwe mugumo wakagadzika. Kana kureba kwetambo kuri 1.5 metres, tsvaga daro riri pakati penode yechina nevibrator.

Solution:

Kureba pakati pemafundo maviri = 1.5 metres / 11 = 1.5 / 11 metres.

Kureba pakati penodhi yekutanga nevibrator = 1.5 / 11 metres

Kureba pakati penodhi yechipiri nevibrator = 2 (1.5 / 11 metres) = 3/11 metres

Kureba pakati penzvimbo yechitatu neinodhibhisa = 3 (1.5 / 11 metres) = 4.5 / 11 metres

Kureba pakati penodhi yechina nevibrator = 4 (1.5 / 11 metres) = 6/11 metres = 0.54 metres

3. Tambo ine magumo ese ari maviri anoramba akatsiga, zvichigadzira toni huru ine frequency ye420 Hz. Sarudza toni yechitatu.

A. 840 Hz

B. 1260 Hz

C. 1680 Hz

D. 2940 Hz

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kwehuwandu (f)₁) = 420 Hz

Magumo ese ari maviri anochengetwa akasimba.

Zvaidiwa: inzwi rechitatu

Solution:

Izwi rekutanga (f)₂) = 2 f₁ = 2 (420 Hz) = 840 Hz

Izwi rechipiri (f)₃) = 3 f₁ = 3 (420 Hz) = 1260 Hz

Toni yechitatu (f)₄) = 4 f₁ = 4 (420 Hz) = 1680 Hz

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.

4. The wavelength ye overtone yekutanga yetambo ndeye 40 cm. Kana kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha mumhepo kuri 340 m/s, sarudza overtone yechitatu.

A. 850 Hz

B. 1600 Hz

C. 1700 Hz

D. 3200 Hz

Zvinozivikanwa:

Hurefu hwemafungu ezwi rekutanga (λ) = 40 cm = 0.4 metres

Kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha mumhepo (v) = 340 metres/sekondi

Kuda: kakawanda kwezwi rechitatu repamusoro

Solution:

Pazasi pane mufananidzo wewave yakamira patambo ine mativi ese ari maviri akachengetwa. Kutanga, verenga hurefu hwetambo uchishandisa wavelength ye overtone yekutanga. Mushure meizvozvo, usati waverenga frequency ye overtone yechitatu, tanga, verenga wavelength ye overtone yechitatu.

Urefu hwemafungu ezwi rekutanga:

Kureba kwetambo (L) = 2. ½ λ

Kureba kwetambo (L) = λ

Kureba kwetambo (L) = 0.4 metres

Urefu hwemafungu ezwi rechitatu:

L = 2 λ

0.4 = 2 λ

λ = 0.4 / 2

λ = 0.2 mamita

Kuwanda kwezwi rechitatu:

f = v / λ

f = 340 : 0.2

f = 1700 Hertz

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.

5. Chubhu yakavhurika kumativi ese ine urefu hwe40 cm inogadzira toni huru ine frequency ye420 Hz. Sarudza toni yechipiri.

A. 380 Hz

B. 460 Hz

C. 840 Hz

D. 1260 Hz

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba kwepombi (L) = 40 cm = 0.4 metres

Kuwanda kwenzwi rekutanga (f)₁) = 420 Hertz

Kuda: Kuwanda kwezwi rechipiri (f)₃)

Solution:

Kana toni yepakutanga (f)₁) = 420 Hertz wobva wawedzera izwi rechipiri (f)₃) = 3 f₁ = 3 (420 Hertz) = 1260 Hertz

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

6. Mafungu eruzha ari pachubhu yakavharwa ane maitiro emafungu akafanana ne…

A. Kupararira kwemafungu patambo

B. Kupararira kwemafungu padenga remhepo

C. Kusimudza tambo yakamira yakasungirirwa kune rimwe divi

D. Kusimudza tambo yakamira yakasungirirwa kumativi ese

Solution:

Chubhu yakavharwa ichubhu yakavhurika kune rimwe divi asi yakavharwa kune rimwe divi, sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri pamusoro.

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.

Mibvunzo makumi maviri nemhinduro dzine chekuita nemafungu akamira:

1. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi mafungu akamira?

Pindura: Wave yakamira imhando yemafungu inoita seinoramba yakamira, ine mafundo nemanode, zvichikonzerwa nekupindira kwemafungu maviri anofamba akananga kwakasiyana.

2. Mubvunzo: Manodhi nemaantinodhi akasiyana sei?

Pindura: MaNode ndiwo mapoinzi asina kukura, apo mafungu anoramba ari pakadzikama, nepo maantinode ari mapoinzi ane kukura kwakanyanya.

3. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa mune chero nzira here?

Pindura: Mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa mune chero nzira inobvumira kupararira kwemafungu, senge tambo, makoramu emhepo, nemvura.

4. Mubvunzo: Kuwanda kwemafungu akamira kwakabatana sei nenhamba yawo yeharmonic?

Pindura: Mafrequency ekutanga (harmonic yekutanga) ndiwo mafrequency akaderera pane mafungu akamira. Maharmonic akakwira ane mafrequency ari nhamba dzakazara dzefrequency huru.

5. Mubvunzo: Chii chinosarudza nzvimbo yemapfundo muwave yakamira?

Pindura: Mafundo anoumbwa apo mafungu anofamba munzira dzakasiyana anopindirana zvinoparadza, achibvisana.

6. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogadzirwa sei patambo inosungirirwa kumativi ese ari maviri?

Pindura: Kana fungu richifamba pasi petambo richiratidza kumagumo aro, rinokanganisa mafungu anouya, zvichigadzira patani yemafungu akamira kana mafrequency acho achienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akati wandei.

7. Mubvunzo: Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati pehurefu hwewavelength nehurefu hwechinhu chiri pakati pemafungu akamira?

Pindura: Kune tambo yakasungirirwa kumativi ese, kureba kwepakati kunosanganisira nhamba yakakwana yehafu yehurefu hwewave yakamira.

8. Mubvunzo: Sei mafungu akamira asingatamisi simba kuburikidza nepakati?

Pindura: Kunyange zvazvo zvidimbu zvega zvega zviri pakati zvichitenderera, maitiro emafungu anoramba akamira, saka hapana simba rinotakurwa kuenda kune chero divi rakati.

9. Mubvunzo: Unogona kuona mafungu akamira mumachubhu akavhurika here?

Pindura: Ehe, mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa mumachubhu akavhurika, asi mamiriro emuganhu akasiyana nemachubhu akavharwa, zvichikanganisa nzvimbo dzemafundo nedzemaantinode.

10. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kumafambiro esimba kana kumanikidzwa kwetambo kwawedzera?

Pindura: Kuwedzera kusimba kwesimba kunowedzera kumhanya kwemafungu, izvo zvinogona kuchinja frequency uye patani yemafungu akamira.

11. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira ane hukama hwakadii neresonance?

Pindura: Kurira kunoitika kana simba rekunze kana kudedera zvichienzaniswa nefrequency yechisikigo, zvichigadzira wave yakamira yakasimba.

12. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi frequency huru?

Pindura: Mafambiro ekutanga, kana kuti harmonic yekutanga, ndiwo mafrequency akaderera zvikuru apo sisitimu inogona kutsigira mafungu akamira.

13. Mubvunzo: Manzwiro epamusoro anowirirana sei neharmonics?

Pindura: Manzwi epamusoro (Overtones) mafrequency ari pamusoro pefrequency huru (fundamental frequency). Manzwi ekutanga anoenderana neharmonic yechipiri, manzwi epamusoro echipiri neharmonic yechitatu, zvichingodaro.

14. Mubvunzo: Sei pasina kuchinjika panzvimbo dzine ma node?

Pindura: Pama node, mafungu maviri anopindira anenge asina kusimba ne 180°, zvichikonzera kupindira kunoparadza uye kusachinja zvachose.

15. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogona kupatsanurwa here?

Pindura: Mafungu akamira patambo anochinjika uye nokudaro ane gwara rekufamba-famba (polarization). Zvisinei, mune imwe nzvimbo yakaita semhepo, mafungu eruzha akamira akareba uye haaratidzi polarization.

16. Mubvunzo: Sei zviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvichishandisa musimboti wemafungu akamira?

Pindura: Zviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvinowanzoburitsa ruzha nekugadzira mafungu akamira, nemaharmoniki akasiyana achiburitsa manotsi akasiyana emimhanzi.

17. Mubvunzo: Kumhanya kwemafungu kwakabatana sei nefrequency uye wavelength yemafungu akamira?

Pindura: Kumhanya kwemafungu (v) chibereko chefrequency (f) uye wavelength (λ): v = fx λ.

18. Mubvunzo: Ko ma frequency maviri akasiyana anogona kugadzira mafungu akamira panzvimbo imwe chete here?

Pindura: Ehe, chero bedzi mafrequency acho achienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu emafungu akamira mune iyo nzira. Frequency yega yega inomiririra harmonic yakasiyana.

19. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira ari mumachubhu akavharwa akasiyana sei neari mumachubhu akavhurika?

Pindura: Mumachubhu akavharwa, mugumo mumwe une node nepo mumwe mugumo une antinode. Mumachubhu akazaruka, magumo ese ari maviri ane antinode.

20. Mubvunzo: Mafungu akamira anogona kuumbwa nefrequency chero ipi zvayo mune imwe nzira here?

Pindura: Kwete, mafrequency chaiwo chete anosangana nemamiriro emuganhu wechinhu ichi ndiwo anogadzira mafungu akamira.

Kunzwisisa mafungu akamira kwakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumimhanzi kusvika pakutaurirana, sezvo zvichimiririra maitiro ekutanga emafungu mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.