Dzidziso yakakosha yehukama - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Chinhu chine hurefu hwemamita makumi matanhatu chinofamba pa havukavu ye 0.6 c (c = kumhanya kwechiedza). Sekureva kwemucherechedzi akamira, kureba kwechinhu chacho kwakareba sei?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kwakakodzera (L)o) = mamita makumi matanhatu
Kumhanya kwechinhu (v) = 0.6 c
Zvaidiwa: Kureba kwehurefu (L)
c = kumhanya kwechiedza
Lo = kureba kwakakodzera
L= kureba kwehurefu
Kureba kwekudzikira (L):
2. Chiitiko chakaonekwa by mucherechedzi akamira kwemasekonzi gumi nemaviri. Ndeipi nguva inotorwa chiitiko chacho, sekureva kwemucherechedzi ani kufamba nekumhanya kwe 0.8 c (c = kumhanya kwechiedza).
Zvinozivikanwa:
Nguva yenguva yechiitiko zvichienderana nemucherechedzi akamira (ts) = masekondi gumi nemaviri
Kumhanya kwemucherechedzi (v) = 0.8 c
Kuda: Nguva yenguva yechiitiko zvichienderana ne observer inofamba nekumhanya kwe 0.8 c (tm)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzerwa kwenguva:
ts = nguva yakatarwa zvichienderana nemucherechedzi akamira
tm = nguva yakatarwa zvichienderana nemucherechedzi anofamba
Nguva yakatarwa zvichienderana nemucherechedzi anofamba (t)m):
Mibvunzo makumi maviri nemhinduro dzepfungwa dzine chekuita nedzidziso yakakosha yehukama:
1. Mubvunzo: Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha zviri pasi pedzidziso chaiyo yehukama?
Pindura: Pfungwa mbiri idzi ndedzinoti: (1) Mitemo yefizikisi yakafanana mune zvese zvinertial frames zvekutarisa, uye (2) Kumhanya kwechiedza mu vacuum hakuchinji uye hakuenderani nekufamba kwechinhu kana muoni.
2. Mubvunzo: Kuwedzerwa kwenguva kunoitika sei zvichienderana nedzidziso chaiyo yehukama?
Pindura: Kuwedzerwa kwenguva kunoreva chiitiko apo nguva inoita seinofamba zvishoma kune mucherechedzi ari kufamba zvichienzaniswa neanenge ambozorora, zvichipiwa nehukama Δt' = Δt/√(1 – v²/c²), apo v iri relative velocity uye c iri relative speed yechiedza.
3. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi kureba kwehurefu?
Pindura: Kureba kwechinhu kunoratidza kuti chinhu chinoratidzika sechipfupi pakufamba kwacho kubva pakuona kwemucherechedzi akamira, zvichienzaniswa nekureba kwacho kwakakodzera kana chakazorora.
4. Mubvunzo: Dzidziso yakakosha yehukama inokanganisa sei pfungwa yekubatana panguva imwe chete?
Pindura: Zviitiko zvinoonekwa panguva imwe chete kune mumwe mucherechedzi zvinogona kusaonekwa panguva imwe chete kune mumwe mucherechedzi achifamba nespeed yakasiyana. Saka, nguva imwe chete inoenderana.
5. Mubvunzo: Chii chinorehwa neshoko rekuti "relativistic mass"?
Pindura: Kurema kwechinhu kunoenderana nezvinodiwa (relativistic mass) zvinoreva kuwedzera kwehukuru hunoshanda hwechinhu sezvo kumhanya kwacho kuchisvika pakumhanya kwechiedza. Kunopihwa ne m = m₀/√(1 – v²/c²), apo m₀ ndiyo huwandu hwehuremu hwakasara.
6. Mubvunzo: Dzidziso inokosha yehukama inobatanidza sei simba nehuremu?
Pindura: Hukama hunopihwa neE = mc², zvichiratidza kuti simba (E) nehuremu (m) zvakaenzana uye zvinogona kushandurwa kuita chimwe nechimwe.
7. Mubvunzo: Chii chinorehwa nekumhanya kwechiedza (c) mudzidziso iyi?
Pindura: Mudzidziso yakakosha ye relativity, kumhanya kwechiedza ndiko kumhanya kukuru uko ruzivo kana zvinhu zvinogona kufamba, uye kunoramba kuripo mumafuremu ese asina simba.
8. Mubvunzo: Sei zvisingaite kuti zvinhu zvine huremu zvisvike kana kupfuura kumhanya kwechiedza?
Pindura: Sezvo kumhanya kwechinhu kuchiswedera pedyo nekumhanya kwechiedza, huwandu hwacho hwe relativistic hunowedzera, zvichida simba risingaperi kuti chikurumidziswe kusvika pakumhanya kwechiedza pachacho.
9. Mubvunzo: Kuwedzera kwekukurumidza kunoshanda sei mukuenzanisa kwakakosha?
Pindura: Kusiyana nemakanika ekare, mavelocities haawedzere zvakananga. Kana u iri kumhanya kwechinhu chimwe chete sezvakaonekwa mufuremu ichifamba nespeed v, saka kumhanya kwayo maererano nemucherechedzi asingamiri iu' = (u + v) / (1 + uv/c²).
10. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi shanduko yeLorentz?
Pindura: Kuchinja kwaLorentz inzira dzemasvomhu dzinobatanidza nzvimbo nenguva yechiitiko mune imwe inertial frame nedziri mune imwe dzichifamba nekumhanya kwakasimba kana tichienzanisa nekutanga.
11. Mubvunzo: Kuwirirana kwakakosha kunokanganisa sei kuchengetedzwa kwesimba?
Pindura: Momentum inoramba yakachengetedzwa, asi tsananguro ye momentum inova relativistic, kusanganisira factor yekuwedzera relativistic mass: p = mv/√(1 – v²/c²).
12. Mubvunzo: Dzidziso chaiyo ye relativity inoenderana here neNewtonian mechanics?
Pindura: Ehe, kana mafambiro ari madiki pane kumhanya kwechiedza, fungidziro dzehukama hwakakosha dzinoenderana nedzeNewtonian mechanics.
13. Mubvunzo: Chii chinokanganisa kukwegura kwemunhu panguva yekukwegura?
Pindura: Munhu anofamba nekumhanya kwezvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu anononoka kukura kupfuura munhu akaramba akamira. Iyi ndiyo "pfungwa yemapatya maviri" apo mumwe mapatya anofamba nekumhanya kwechiedza uye anodzoka ari mudiki pane mumwe mapatya akasara.
14. Mubvunzo: Kuwirirana kwakakosha kunotsanangura sei simba patsva?
Pindura: Simba rose ihuwandu hwesimba rekuzorora kwechinhu (mc²) uye simba rayo rekufamba. Kunyangwe pakuzorora, chinhu chine simba nekuda kwehuremu hwacho.
15. Mubvunzo: Pane chinhu chingafamba nekukurumidza kupfuura chiedza zvichienderana nerelativity chaiyo here?
Pindura: Kwete, kumhanya kwechiedza ndiko kunogumira kumhanya kwese. MaTachyon, zvidimbu zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinofamba nekukurumidza kupfuura chiedza, hazvienderane nedzidziso yacho.
16. Mubvunzo: Huremu hunokanganiswa sei nekumhanya kwe relativistic?
Pindura: Sezvo kumhanya kwechinhu kuchisvika pakumhanya kwechiedza, huwandu hwacho hwe relativistic hunowedzera pasina muganho, zvichida simba rakawanda kuti chiwedzere kumhanya.
17. Mubvunzo: Pfungwa yechikonzero inobata basa rei muhukama hwakakosha?
Pindura: Nheyo yechikonzero, apo chikonzero chinotangira kushanda, inoramba ichichengetedzwa muhukama hwakakosha, ndosaka kumhanya kwemuganhu wechiedza kuchikosha.
18. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi spacetime?
Pindura: Nguva yemuchadenga inosanganisa zviyero zvitatu zvenzvimbo nechiyero chechina chenguva kuita continuum ine mativi mana, inokosha pakugadzira hunyanzvi hwehukama.
19. Mubvunzo: Kuwirirana kwakakosha kunoona sei nzvimbo nenguva?
Pindura: Special relativity inoramba kuvapo kwenzvimbo nenguva. Zvese zviri zviviri zvine hukama uye zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekufamba kwemunhu.
20. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi "inertial frame of reference"?
Pindura: Chimiro chekutarisa chisina simba (inertial frame of reference) chinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvinoramba zvakamira kana kufamba nekufamba kwakasimba kunze kwekunge zvaitwa nesimba rekunze. Chimiro chekutarisa chinochengetedza mutemo wekutanga waNewton wekufamba.
Dzidziso inokosha ye relativity, yakaunzwa naAlbert Einstein, yakachinja kunzwisisa kwedu nzvimbo, nguva, simba, uye zvinhu. Zvazvinoreva zvinosvika munzvimbo dzakawanda dzefizikisi yemazuva ano uye zvakaongororwa nekuyedza.
