Kufamba kwemutsetse - matambudziko nemhinduro

Kufamba kwemutsetse - matambudziko nemhinduro

1. Girafu yekumhanya (v) vs. nguva (t) inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Chii chinonzi kudzikira kwedanho zvichienderana negirafu?

mhinduro

AB = kufamba nekumhanya nguva dzose , BC = kufamba nekumhanya nguva dzose , CD = kufamba pakudzikamisa nguva dzose.

2. Girafu yekufamba kwakatwasuka inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Ndeipi daro rakafambwa nechinhu kubva pamasekonzi 0 - masekonzi masere.

mhinduro

Nzvimbo 1 = nzvimbo yetriangle = ½ (4-0)(12-0) = ½ (4)(12) = (2)(12) = 24

Nzvimbo 2 = nzvimbo yedenderedzwa = (8-4)(12-0) = (4)(12) = 48

Kufamba kwedaro remasekonzi masere = mamita makumi maviri nemana + mamita makumi mana nemasere = mamita makumi manomwe nemaviri.

3. Girafu yekumhanya (v) vs. nguva (t) yekufamba kwakatwasuka kunoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Ndeipi daro rakafambwa mumasekonzi gumi nemaviri.

mhinduro

Nzvimbo 1 = nzvimbo yetriangle = ½ (2-0) (4-0) = ½ (2) (4) = 4

Nzvimbo 2 = nzvimbo ye rectangle = (6-2)(4-0) = (4)(4) = 16

Nzvimbo 3 = nzvimbo yetriangle = ½ (8-6) (4-0) = ½ (2) (4) = 4

Nzvimbo 4 = nzvimbo yetriangle = ½ (10-8) (4-0) = ½ (2) (4) = 4

Nzvimbo 5 = nzvimbo ye square = (12-10)(4-0) = (2)(4) = 8

Nhambwe yakafambwa mumasekonzi gumi nemaviri = 4 + 16 + 4 + 4 + 8 = mamita makumi matatu nematanhatu

4. Chinhu chinofamba ne36 km/awa isingachinji kwemasekonzi mashanu, chobva chamhanyisa 1 m/s ² kwemasekonzi gumi uye chobva chadzika 2 m/s ² kusvika chazorora. Ndeipi girafu (vt) inoratidza mafambiro echinhu chacho.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kufamba 1 = kumhanya kunogara kuripo

Kumhanya kwakasimba (v) = 36 km/h = 36 (1000 m) / 3600 s = 36,000 m / 3600 s = 10 m/s

Nguva yepakati (t) = masekondi gumi nemashanu

Kufamba kwechipiri = kumhanya nguva dzose

Kumhanya kwekutanga (vo _o ) = kumhanya kuri kufamba 1 = 10 m/s

Kukurumidzisa (a) = 1 m/s ²

Nguva yepakati (t) = masekondi gumi nemashanu

Chifambiso chechitatu = kuderera kwesimba nguva dzose

Kudzikira kwesimba (a) = -2 m/s ²

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t ) = 0 m/s

Zvinodiwa: girafu ipi inoratidza mafambiro echinhu

Solution:

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira kwekufamba 2:

v _t = vo ₊ pa

v _t = 10 + (1)(10) = 10 + 10 = 20 m/s

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira kwekufamba 2 (v _t ) = kumhanya kwekutanga kwekufamba 3 (vo ₎ = 20 m/s

Nguva yekufamba 3:

v _t = vo ₊ pa

0 = 20 + (-2)(t)

0 = 20 – 2t

20 = 2t

t = 20 / 2

t = masekondi maviri

Kufamba 1: Chinhu chinofamba ne10 m/s isingachinji mumasekonzi mashanu

Kufamba kwechipiri: Chinhu chakakurumidza mumasekondi gumi kusvika chasvika pakumhanya = 20 m/s.

Chifambiso chechitatu: Chinhu chinoderedzwa simba mumasekonzi gumi kusvika chazorora.

Girafu B inoratidza mafambiro echinhu chacho.

5. Mota inofamba ne5 m/s isingachinji mumasekonzi gumi, yobva yamhanyisa 1 m/s ² mumasekonzi mashanu. Yobva yadzika kusvika yazorora mushure mekufamba kwemota nemamita 137.5. Ndeipi girafu (vt) inoratidza kufamba kwechinhu chacho.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kufamba 1 = kufamba nekumhanya kwakasimba

Kumhanya kunogara kuripo (v) = 5 m/s

Nguva yepakati (t) = masekondi gumi nemashanu

Kufamba kwechipiri = kufamba nekumhanya nguva dzose

Kumhanya kwekutanga (vo _o ) = kumhanya kuri kufamba 1 = 5 m/s

Kukurumidzisa (a) = 1 m/s ²

Nguva yepakati (t) = masekondi gumi nemashanu

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t ) = 0 m/s

Nhambwe yose (s) = 137.5 m/s

Zviri Kudiwa: Girafu inoratidza kufamba kwemotokari

Solution:

Kureba kwekufamba 1:

s = vt = (5)(10) = mamita 50

Kureba kwekufamba 2:

s = vot ₊ ½ pa ² = (5)(5) + ½ (1)(5) ² = 25 + ½ (25) = 25 + 12.5 = 37.5 metres

Kureba kwekufamba 3:

137.5 – (50 + 37.5) = 137.5 – 87.5 = mamita makumi mashanu

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira kwekufamba 2:

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira kwekufamba 2 kwakaverengwa uchishandisa data rekufamba 2:

v _t = vo ₊ pa

v _t = 5 + (1)(5) = 5 + 5 = 10 m/s

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira kwekufamba 2 (v _t ) = kumhanya kwekutanga kwekufamba 3 (vo ₎ = 10 m/s

Nguva yekufamba 3:

Nguva inoverengwa mushure mekuona kudzikira kwedanho. Kudzikira kwedanho (a) uye nguva inoverengwa (t) zvichishandiswa data rekufamba 3.

Kuderera kwesimba rezvinhu zviri kufamba 3:

v _t ² = vo ₂ ⁺ 2 ad

0 ² = 10 ² + 2 a (50)

0 = 100 + 100 a

100 = -100 a

a = – 100/100

a = – 1 m/s ²

Nguva yekufamba 3:

v _t = vo ₊ pa

0 = 10 + (-1) t

0 = 10 – t

t = masekondi maviri

Kufamba 1: Chinhu chinofamba ne5 m/s isingachinji mumasekonzi gumi.

Kufamba kwechipiri: Chinhu chinofamba kwemasekonzi mashanu kusvika chivharo chayo chasvika 10 m/s.

Chifambiso chechitatu: Chinhu chinoderedzwa kwemasekondi gumi kusvika chazorora.

6. Motokari inorema 800 kg inofamba nemutsetse wakatwasuka ine kumhanya kwekutanga kwe36 km/awa. Mushure mekufamba mamita 150, kumhanya kwemotokari = 72 km/awa. Sarudza nguva iri pakati.

Zvinozivikanwa:

v _o = 36 km/awa = 36,000 metres / 3600 s = 10 m/s

v _t = 72 km/awa = 72,000 metres / 3600 s = 20 m/s

d = mamita zana nemakumi mashanu

Zvinodiwa: nguva (t)

Solution:

Maequations matatu ekufamba nekumhanya nguva dzose:

v _t = vo ₊ pa

d = vot ₊ ½ pa ²

v _t ² = vo ₂ ⁺ 2 ad

Kukurumidzisa:

v _t ² = vo ₂ ⁺ 2 ad

20 ² = 10 ² + 2 a (150)

400 = 100 + 300 a

400 – 100 = 300 a

300 = 300 a

a = 300 / 300

a = 1 m/s ²

Nguva yepakati:

v _t = vo ₊ pa

20 = 10 + (1) t

20 - 10 = t

t = masekondi maviri

7. Mota inofamba ne 20 m/s isingachinji. Mota inozorora mumasekonzi mashanu mushure mekudzikamisa speed. Ndeipi daro rinofambwa nemota?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kumhanya kwekutanga (vo ₎ = 20 m/s

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t ) = 0 m/s

Nguva yepakati (t) = masekondi gumi nemashanu

Zvinodiwa: daro (d)

Solution:

kudzikira kwesimba:

v _t = vo ₊ pa

0 = 20 + a 5

-20 = 5a

a = -20/5

a = -4 m/s ²

Kufamba kure nemota:

d = vot ₊ 1/2 pa ²

d = (20)(5) + 1/2 (-4)(5) ² = (20)(5) + (-2)(25)

d = 100 - 50

d = mamita zana nemakumi mashanu

8. Kureba nenguva yechinhu chinofamba zvinoratidzwa mutafura iri pazasi.

Sarudza mhando dzemafambiro anoitika pazvinhu 1 ne2…

mhinduro

Chinangwa 1:

v = s/t

v = kumhanya , s = daro , t = nguva pakati

v = 60/15 = 4 cm/s

v = 80/20 = 4 cm/s

v = 100/25 = 4 cm/s

Kumhanya kwakafanana = kufamba kwakaenzana.

Chinangwa 2:

v = s/t

v = kumhanya, s = daro , t = nguva pakati

v = 4/2 = 2 cm/s

v = 9/3 = 3 cm/s

v = 25/5 = 5 cm/s

Kumhanya kunowedzera = kufamba kwemutsetse kusingaenzaniswi, kwakakurumidza.

1. Mubvunzo: Chii chinosiyanisa kufamba kwakatwasuka kubva kune mamwe marudzi ekufamba? Pindura: Kufamba kwemutsara zvinoreva kufamba kwechinhu munzira yakatwasuka munzira imwe chete. Kusiyana nekufamba kwekutenderera kana kwekutenderera, hapana shanduko munzira yechinhu chiri kufamba mukufamba kwemutsara.
2. Mubvunzo: Kureba kwakasiyana sei nekusuduruka mukufamba kwakatwasuka? Pindura: Dara ndiro hurefu hwese hwenzira inotorwa nechinhu chiri kufamba, ukuwo displacement iri daro rakatwasuka pakati penzvimbo dzekutanga nedzekupedzisira, pamwe chete negwara. Displacement inhamba yevector, nepo daro riri scalar.
3. Mubvunzo: Sei kumhanya nekumhanya zvichigona kuva nemitengo yakasiyana pakufamba kumwe chete? Pindura: Kumhanya inzira inoyera kuti chimwe chinhu chiri kufamba nekukurumidza sei pasina kufunga nezvekwachinoenda, nepo kumhanya kuri huwandu hwevector hunosanganisira hukuru uye gwara. Pakufamba kwakatwasuka, kana paine shanduko munzira, kumhanya kweavhareji kunogona kusiyana nehukuru hweavhareji yekufamba.
4. Mubvunzo: Zvinorevei patinoti chinhu chine mafambiro akafanana emutsara? Pindura: Chinhu chinofamba nenzira yakatwasuka chinofamba nenzira yakatwasuka nekufamba kwacho nguva dzose. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kumhanya kwacho negwara racho hazvichinji nekufamba kwenguva.
5. Mubvunzo: Chinhu chingava sei nekumhanya kunogara kuripo asi chichifamba nekufamba kwakarongeka? Pindura: Kune chinhu chiri mukufamba kwakatwasuka, nzira chete iyi inogona kuitika ndeye kana gwara rekufamba richichinja. Zvisinei, mukufamba kwakatwasuka chaiko, gwara rinoramba rakafanana. Kana gwara richichinja, hazvichaiti kufamba kwakatwasuka chete.
6. Mubvunzo: Kukurumidza kunoita basa rei mukufamba kwakatwasuka? Pindura: Kukurumidza kunoratidza kuchinja kwespeed nekufamba kwenguva. Mukufamba kwakatwasuka, izvi zvinogona kureva kuwedzera kana kudzikira kwespeed kana kuchinja kwakanangana (kana kufamba kwacho kusiri kwakatwasuka chete). Kukurumidza kusina zero kunoratidza kuti kumhanya kwechinhu kuri kuchinja.
7. Mubvunzo: Kukurumidza kunonoka, kana kuti kuderera kwedanho, kunoonekwa sei mukufamba kwakatwasuka? Pindura: Panyaya yekufamba kwakatwasuka, kumhanyisa kwekukurumidza (kunowanzonzi kuderera kwesimba) zvinoreva kudzikira kwekukurumidza munzira imwe chete yakatwasuka. Kumhanyisa munzira yakatarisana nekufamba.
8. Mubvunzo: Chii chiri hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi (net force) nekumhanya kwemhepo mukufamba kwakarongeka maererano nemutemo wechipiri waNewton? Pindura: Zvinoenderana nemutemo wechipiri waNewton, simba remagetsi rinoshanda pachinhu rinoenderana nekumhanya kwarinoita uye rinoshanda nenzira imwe chete. $F=ma$, apo $F$ ndiyo simba guru, $m$ huremu hwechinhu chacho, uye $a$ kukurumidza kwayo.
9. Mubvunzo: Kana mota iri kufamba yakatwasuka yomira, tingati kufamba kwayo kwekupedzisira hakuna kumira zvakanaka here? Pindura: Kwete. Kuchinjana zvinoreva daro rakatwasuka pakati penzvimbo dzekutanga nedzekupedzisira negwara. Kana mota yafamba kubva panzvimbo yayo yekutanga isati yamira, kuchinjika kwayo hakusi zero; kumhanya kwayo kwekupedzisira chete ndiko.

10. Mubvunzo: Pfungwa yekusagadzikana inoenderana sei nekufamba kwakatwasuka? Mhinduro: Kusagadzikana isimba rechinhu kuramba kuchinja kwemafambiro acho. Kune chinhu chiri kufamba kwakatwasuka, kusagadzikana kunoreva kuti chinhu chicharamba chichifamba mumutsara wakatwasuka nekumhanya kwakatwasuka kunze kwekunge chaitwa nesimba rekunze.