Mitemo yaNewton yekufamba - matambudziko nemhinduro

Mitemo yaNewton yekufamba - matambudziko nemhinduro

Mutemo wekutanga wekufamba waNewton

1. Kana pasina simba rinoshanda pachinhu, saka:

(1) chinhu chacho hachina kukurumidza

(2) chinhu chiri pazororo

(3) kuchinja kwekukurumidza kwechinhu = 0

(4) chinhu hachikwanise kufamba nekumhanya kwakafanana

Ndechipi chirevo chakarurama?

mhinduro

Chirevo chakarurama:

(1) Chinhu chacho hachina kukurumidziswa

Simba remagetsi rinokonzeresa kukurumidza kwechinhu. Saka kana pasina simba remagetsi, zvinhu hazvikurumidziswe.

(2) Chinhu chiri pazororo

Mutemo wekutanga waNewton wekufamba unoti kana pasina simba rinoshanda pachinhu, chinhu chinogara chakazorora kana kuti chinhu chinenge chichifamba nekumhanya kusingachinji.

(3) Kuchinja kwekukurumidza kwechinhu = 0

Kuchinja kwespeed = kukurumidza. Kusachinja kwespeed zvinoreva kusakurumidza. Kana pasina kukurumidza, hapana simba rinoita basa pachinhu.

Chinhu chiri muelevator

2. Kurema kwemunhu ari muelevator ari pakuzorora = 500 N. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti i10 m/s ² . Kana elevator ikawedzera, simba rekumanikidzana i750 N. Chii chinonzi kukurumidza kweelevator?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwemunhu (w) = 500 Newton = 500 kg ms ^–2 (kusimudza pakuzorora)

Kukurumidza kwegiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^–2

Huremu hwemunhu (m) = 500 / 10 = 50 kg

Simba rekumanikidzwa (T) = 750 N (kusimudza kwakakurumidza)

Huremu hweelevator hwakaregeredzwa.

Zvinodiwa: Kukurumidzisa maelevator

Solution:

Elevator iri pakuzorora, hapana kumhanyisa (a = 0). Mabasa ekumanikidza kumusoro ane chiratidzo chekuwedzera uye zviito zvekumanikidza pasi zvine chiratidzo chekubvisa.

ΣF = ma

T – w = 0

T = w

T = 500 Newton

Kana elevator yakawedzera kumhanya ichidzika pasi, simba rekumanikidzana raizove diki kupfuura 500 N. Zvikasadaro, kana elevator yakawedzera kumhanya, simba rekumanikidzana raizove guru kupfuura 500 N.

Simba rekumanikidza = 750 N nekuti elevator inomhanyisa kumusoro. Mabasa ekumanikidza kumusoro ane chiratidzo chekuwedzera uye zviito zvekumanikidza pasi zvine chiratidzo chekusiya.

T – w = ma

750 – 500 = 50 a

250 = 50 a

a = 250 / 50

a = 5.0 ms ^–2

3. Munhu ane uremu hwemakirogiramu makumi matanhatu (60-kg) ari muelevator aimhanya akadzika pasi ne3 m/s ^2. Kana kumhanyisa nekuda kwesimba rinokwevera pasi kuri 10 m/s ² , simba ripi rinowanzo shandiswa nepasi peelevator pamunhu?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu (m) = 60 kg

Kukurumidza kwemunhu neelevator (a) = 3 m/s ²

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Huremu (w) = mg = (60)(10) = 600 Newtons

Zvinodiwa: Simba rakajairika (N)

Solution:

Pane masimba maviri anoitwa pamunhu ari muelevator, kureva huremu (w) hwemunhu uye simba rakajairika (N) rinoitwa nepasi pamunhu. Kune mavector quantities matatu, anoti huremu (w), simba rakajairika (N) uye kumhanyisa elevator, uko huremu hunoita pasi, simba rakajairika rinoita kumusoro, kumhanyisa elevator kuri pasi. Mavector quantities anomhanya pasi ane plus sign uye vector quantities anomhanya kumusoro ane minus sign.

∑F = ma

w – N = (60)(3)

600 – N = 180

N = 600 – 180

N = 420 Newton

4. Chinhu chinorema 40 kg chiri muelevator chakakwira kumusoro. Kana pasi peelevator paine 520 N pachinhu chacho uye kumhanya nekuda kwegiravhiti kuri 10 m/s ^2. Chii chinonzi kumhanyisa elevator?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu (m) = 40 kg

Simba rakajairika (N) = 520 N

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

huremu (w) = mg = (40)(10) = 400 N

Zvinodiwa: Kukurumidza kwerifiti

Solution:

∑F = ma

400 – 520 = (40)(a)

-120 = (40)(a)

a = -120/40

a = -3 m/s ²

Kumhanya kweelevator kuri 3 m/s ^2. Chiratidzo chekudzima chinoratidza kuti elevator iri kufamba ichikwira.

5. Chinhu chinorema 60 kg chiri muelevator chakakurumidza kudzika pasi pa3 m/s ^2. Chii chinonzi simba rinoitwa nezvinhu zviri pasi peelevator?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu (m) = 60 kg

Huremu (w) = mg = (60 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 600 kg m/s ² = 600 Newtons

Kukurumidza kweelevator (a) = 3 m/s ² , pasi

Zvinodiwa: Simba rinoitwa nechinhu chiri pasi pechikwiriso.

Solution:

Elevator yakakurumidza kudzika pasi pa3 m/s . Mabasa ekumanikidza pasi ane chiratidzo chekuwedzera uye mabasa ekumanikidza kumusoro ane chiratidzo chekubvisa.

w – N = ma

N = w – ma

N = 600 – (60)(3)

N = 600 – 180

N = 420 Newton

Simba rinoitwa nechinhu chiri pasi pechikwidzi = 420 N.

6. Mabhuroko maviri akabatanidzwa netambo inomhanya pamusoro pepulley. Usafuratira huremu hwetambo nepulley uye chero kukweshana kuri mupulley. Huremu hwebhuroko A hunosvika 6 kg uye huremu hwebhuroko B hunosvika 2 kg. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti i10 m/s ^2. Chii chinonzi simba rekumanikidza?

Zvinozivikanwa:

m _A = 6 kg, m _B = 2 kg, g = 10 m/s ²

w _A = m _A g = (6 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 60 kg m/s ²

w _B = m _B g = (2 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 20 kg m/s ²

Zvinodiwa: simba rekumanikidza (T)?

Solution:

w _A > w _B kuitira kuti m _A iende pasi , m _B iende kumusoro.

Mutemo wechipiri waNewton:

Σ F = ma

w _A – w _B = (m _A + m _B ) a

60 – 20 = (6 + 2) a

40 = (8) a

a = 40 / 8 = 5 m/s ²

Simba rekukakavadzana:

m _A inodzika pasi:

w _A – T _A = m _A a

60 – T _A = (6)(5)

60 - TA ₌ 30

TA = 60 - ₃₀

T ₂ = 30 Newton

m _B inokwira kumusoro:

T _B – w _B = m _B a

T _B – 20 = (2)(5)

T _B – 20 = 10

T _B = 10 + 20

T ₁ = 30 Newton

Simba rekumanikidzwa (T) = 30 maNewton.

7. Huremu hwechinhu A = 5 kg, kumhanyisa nekuda kwegiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2 . Chinhu A chinodzika pasi pa 2.5 ms ^-2 . Huremu hwaB chii?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu A (m _A ) = 5 kg

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Kukurumidzisa kwechinhu A (a) = 2.5 m/s ²

Kurema A (w _A ) = (m _A )(g) = (5)(10) = 50 Newtons

Zvinodiwa: Huremu hwechinhu B (m _B )

Solution:

Chivharo A chinodzika pasi saka huremu hwechinhu A (w _A ) hwakakura kupfuura huremu hwechinhu B (w _B ).

Shandisa mutemo wechipiri waNewton:

Σ F = ma

w _A – w _B = (m _A + m _B ) a

50 – (m _B )(10) = (5 + m _B ) (2.5)

50 – 10 m _B = 12.5 + 2.5 m _B

50 – 12.5 = 2.5 m _B + 10 m _B

37.5 = 12.5 m _B

m _B = 3 kg

8. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti kuri 10 m/s ^2. Chii chinonzi simba rekumanikidzwa?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwechinhu 1 (m₁) = 2 kg

Huremu hwechinhu 2 (m2 ₎ = 3 kg

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Kurema 1 (w ₁ ) = (m ₁ )(g) = (2 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 20 kg m/s ²

Kurema 2 (w ₂ ) = (m ₂ )(g) = (3 kg)(10 m/s ² ) = 30 kg m/s ²

Zvinodiwa: simba rekumanikidza (T)

Solution:

w ₂ > w ₁ kuitira kuti m ₂ ifambe ichidzika uye m ₁ ifambe ichikwira.

Mutemo wechipiri waNewton wekufamba:

Σ F = ma

w ₂ – w ₁ = (m ₁ + m ₂ ) a

30 – 20 = (2 + 3) a

10 = (5) a

a = 10 / 5 = 2 m/s ².

Simba rekukakavadzana?

m2 _inodzika pasi

w ₂ – T ₂ = m ₂ a

30 – T ₂ = (3)(2)

30 – T ₂ = 6

T ₂ = 30 – 6

T ₂ = 24 Newton

m1 _inokwira kumusoro

T ₁ – w ₁ = m ₁ a

T ₁ – 20 = (2)(2)

T ₁ – 20 = 4

T ₁ = 20 + 4

T ₁ = 24 Newton

Simba rekumanikidzwa (T) = 24 maNewton.

1. Mubvunzo: Sei mutemo wekutanga waNewton wekufamba uchisimbisa kukosha kwemasimba ekunze mukuchinja mamiriro ekufamba kwechinhu? Pindura: Mutemo wekutanga waNewton wekufamba, unowanzonzi mutemo wekusaita chinhu, unoti chinhu chinoramba chakamira kana kufamba kwakafanana mumutsara wakatwasuka kunze kwekunge simba rekunze rashandiswa. Mutemo uyu unoratidza kuti masimba ekunze, kwete hunhu hwemukati hwechinhu chacho, ndiwo anogona kuchinja mamiriro acho ekufamba.
2. Mubvunzo: Mutemo wechipiri waNewton unobatanidza sei simba, huremu, uye kukurumidza? Pindura: Mutemo wechipiri waNewton wekufamba unotaura kuti simba rinoshanda pachinhu rakaenzana nehuremu hwechinhu ichocho hwakawedzerwa nekumhanya kwacho ($F=ma$Izvi zvinosimbisa kuenzana kwakananga pakati pesimba nekukurumidzisa uye kuenzana kwakapesana pakati pehukuru nekukurumidzisa, zvichipiwa simba risingaperi.
3. Mubvunzo: Sei usinganzwi Nyika ichifamba kunyangwe ichiramba ichifamba? Pindura: Uyu muenzaniso wemutemo wekutanga waNewton. Isu, pamwe chete nePasi nezvose zviri pariri, tiri kufamba pamwe chete zvakaenzana. Pasina simba rekunze rekuchinja mamiriro aya ekufamba, hapana kunzwa kwekukurumidzira kana kuchinja, zvichiita kuti zviite sekunge takamira.
4. Mubvunzo: Mutemo wechitatu waNewton unotsanangura sei mashandiro eroketi muchadenga? Pindura: Mutemo wechitatu waNewton unoti pabasa rega rega, pane kuita kwakaenzana uye kwakasiyana. Roketi iri muchadenga inozvifambisa nekuburitsa magasi eutsi kumashure. Basa racho igesi iri kufamba kumashure, uye kuita kwacho iroketi iri kufamba mberi.
5. Mubvunzo: Sei uchifambira mberi nemotokari kana yangoerekana yamira? Pindura: Zvinoenderana nemutemo wekutanga waNewton, muviri wako unoramba uchienderera mberi kana mota yamira. Kana simba (rakaita sebhandi rekuchengetedza) rikakukanganisa, ucharamba uchienderera mberi nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka.
6. Mubvunzo: Kana minhenga nenyundo zvikadonhedzwa mumhepo isina chinhu, mitemo yaNewton inogona kufembera chii nezvekufamba kwazvo? Pindura: Munzvimbo isina chinhu, hapana kudzivirira mhepo. Zvichibva pamutemo wekutanga newechipiri waNewton, minhenga nenyundo zvinofanira kudonha pamwero mumwe chete uye zvinorova pasi panguva imwe chete nekuti simba chete rinoita basa pazviri isimba rinokwevera pasi.
7. Mubvunzo: Airbag inoderedza sei mikana yekukuvara panguva yetsaona yemotokari? Pindura: Mutemo wekutanga waNewton unoratidza kuti chinhu chiri kufamba chinoramba chiri kufamba. Mutsaona, kufamba kwemunhu mberi kunoenderera mberi. Airbag iyi inoita kuti pave nenzvimbo yakapfava inowedzera nguva yekudzikamisa mafambiro emhepo, nokudaro ichideredza simba rinoonekwa nemunhu zvichienderana ne $F=ma$.
8. Mubvunzo: Sei zviri nyore kusunda ngoro yekutengera isina chinhu pane yakatakura zvinhu? Pindura: Mutemo wechipiri waNewton ($F=ma$) zvinoratidza kuti kana paine simba rakafanana rinoshandiswa, chinhu chine huremu hushoma (ngoro isina chinhu) chichava nekumhanya kukuru kupfuura chinhu chine huremu hwakawanda (ngoro yakatakura).
9. Mubvunzo: Sei munhu anoshambira achisundira mvura kumashure kuti afambe mberi? Pindura: Uku kuratidzwa kwemutemo wechitatu waNewton. Kana mushambiri achisundira mvura kumashure (chiito), pane kuita kwakaenzana uye kwakapesana kunosundira mushambiri mberi.
10. Mubvunzo: Kukakavadzana kwakabatana sei nemutemo wekutanga waNewton? Pindura: Kukweshana isimba rekunze rinogona kushanda pazvinhu kuti zvideredze kumhanya kana kumisa kufamba kwazvo. Pasina kukweshana (kana rimwe simba rekunze), chinhu chinoramba chichienderera mberi nekufamba kwacho nekusingaperi sezvakataurwa nemutemo wekutanga waNewton.