Mitemo yaKirchhoff - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Chii chinonzi terminal voltage yebhatiri mudunhu riri pazasi?
mhinduro
emf = simba remagetsi = musiyano uripo pakati pematerminals kana pasina mafambiro kuyerera kuenda kudunhu rekunze.
Voltage yemagetsi (V) = musiyano uripo pakati pemagetsi kana magetsi achiyerera kubva kubhatiri.
Kana pasina magetsi anotorwa kubva mubhatiri, voltage yemagetsi inoenzana ne emf.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Mudziviriri 1 (R1 ) = 2 Ω
Mudziviriri 2 (R2 ) = 4 Ω
Mudziviriri 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
emf 1 (E 1 ) = 20 Volt
emf 2 (E 2 ) = 15 Volt
Zvinodiwa: Voltage yemagetsi (V)
Mhinduro 1:
Mhepo yemagetsi:
V = E 1 – E 2 = 20 – 15 = 5 Volts
Mhinduro 2:
Verenga kuyerera kwemagetsi mudunhu (I)
Kutanga , Sarudza kwakanangana nemagetsi ega ega. Nzira yacho inogona kusarudzwa pasina chikonzero: kana magetsi ari munzira yakasiyana, achabuda nechiratidzo chekubvisa mumhinduro.
Zvadaro, tichitanga chero nguva mudunhu, tinofungidzira tichifamba-famba tichitenderera, tichiwedzera ma emfs uye mazwi e IR patinosvika paari.
Chechipiri , Patinofamba nepanobva chinhu tichibva ku-+ kuenda ku-+, emf inoonekwa seyakanaka; patinofamba tichibva ku-+ kuenda ku-, emf inoonekwa seyakaipa.
Chechitatu , Patinofamba nepakati pe resistor nenzira imwecheteyo ne assumed current, izwi rekuti IR harina kunaka nekuti current inoenda nenzira yekudzikira kwe potential. Patinofamba nepakati pe resistor nenzira yakatarisana ne assumed current, izwi rekuti IR rinoratidza kuti positive nekuti izvi zvinomiririra kukwira kwe potential.
Nzira yemagetsi inosarudzwa zvakafanana neyakananga wachi:
E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – IR 3 – E 2 = 0
20 – Ini(2) – Ini(4) – Ini(4) – 15 = 0
20 – 15 – Ini (2) – Ini (4) – Ini (4) = 0
5 – 10 I = 0
5 = 10 I
Ini = 5/10
I = 0.5 Amperes
Mwenje wemagetsi uri kuyerera mudunhu iri i0.5 Ampere. Mwenje wemagetsi wakasainwa zvakanaka zvinoreva kuti divi remagetsi rakaenzana nedivi rewachi.
Verenga resistor yakaenzana (R):
Resistor 1 ( R1 ) , resistor 2 ( R2 ) uye resistor 3 (R3 ) zvakabatana muzvikamu zvakatevedzana . Resistor yakaenzana:
R = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 = 2 Ω + 4 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω
Voltage yemagetsi mu resistor R (V)
V = IR = (0.5)(10) = 5 Volt
[irp]
2. Mudunhu sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, tsvaga simba rakanyangarika mu resistor ye3-Ω.
Solution:
Zvinozivikanwa:
Mudziviriri 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Mudziviriri 2 (R2 ) = 3 Ω
Mudziviriri 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volt
emf 2 ( E 2 ) = 10 Volt
Zvinodiwa: Simba rakanyangarika mu resistor ye3-Ω
Solution:
Simba rakanyangarika mu resistor ye3-Ω :
P = VI
P = simba , V = voltage inodarika resistor ye3 - Ω , I = magetsi anopfuura nemuresistor ye3-Ω
Verenga magetsi (I) anopfuura nemuchina we3 -Ω resistor
Nzira yemagetsi inosarudzwa zvakafanana neyakananga wachi:
E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – IR 3 + E 2 = 0
8 – Ini(2) – Ini(3) – Ini(4) + 10 = 0
18 – 9 I = 0
18 = 9 I
Ini = 18 / 9
I = 2 Amperes
Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera mudunhu iri i2 Ampere. Mwenje wemagetsi wakasainwa zvakanaka zvinoreva kuti divi remagetsi rakaenzana nedivi rewachi.
Maseketi akabatana akatevedzana kuitira kuti magetsi ari kuyerera mudunhu = magetsi anopfuura nemu 3- Ω resistor = 2 Ampere.
Verenga voltage (V) kuburikidza ne3-Ω resistor
V = IR 2 = (2 A) (3 Ω) = 6 Volts
Simba rakanyangarika mu resistor ye3-Ω:
P = VI = (6 Volt) (2 Ampere) = 12 Volt Ampere = 12 Watt
[irp]
3. Zvichibva padunhu sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, musiyano ungavapo pakati pemapoinzi A naB ndeupi?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Resistor 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Mudziviriri 2 (R2 ) = 3 Ω
Mudziviriri 3 (R3 ) = 4 Ω
emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volt
emf 2 (E 2 ) = 10 Volt
Zvinodiwa: Musiyano ungangovapo (V) pakati pemapoinzi A neB
Solution:
Verenga magetsi (I) ari kuyerera mu 3- Ω resistor
Nzira yemagetsi inosarudzwa zvakafanana neyakananga wachi:
– E 1 – IR 1 – IR 2 – E 2 – IR 3 = 0
– 8 – Ini (2) – Ini (3) – 10 – Ini (4) = 0
– 18 – 9 I = 0
– 18 = 9 I
Ini = -18 / 9
I = – 2 Amperes
Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera mudunhu i2 Ampere. Mwenje wemagetsi wakasainirwa negative zvinoreva kutungamira kwemagetsi emagetsi kunopokana newachi.
Maseketi akabatana akatevedzana kuitira kuti magetsi ari kuyerera mudunhu = magetsi anopfuura nemu 3- Ω resistor = 2 Ampere.
Verenga musiyano unokwanisa kuitika (V) pakati pe3- Ω resistor:
V = IR 2 = (2 A) (3 Ω) = 6 Volts
[irp]
4. Zvichibva padunhu sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi, musiyano upi ungavapo pakati pe resistor yeR 3.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Resistor 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Mudziviriri 2 (R2 ) = 4 Ω
Mudziviriri 3 (R3 ) = 3 Ω
emf 1 (E 1 ) = 6 Volt
emf 2 (E 2 ) = 9 Volt
Zvinodiwa: Musiyano unogona kuitika pakati peR3 resistor
Solution:
Verenga magetsi (I) anopfuura nemuchinodzivirira R 3
Nzira yemagetsi inosarudzwa zvakafanana neyakananga wachi:
E 1 – IR 1 – E 2 – IR 2 – IR 3 = 0
6 – 2I – 9 – 4I – 3I = 0
6 – 9 – 2I – 4I – 3I = 0
-3 – 9I = 0
-3 = 9I
Ini = -3/9
Ini = -1/3
Mwenje wemagetsi uri kuyerera mudunhu iri i1/3 Ampere. Mwenje wemagetsi une chiratidzo chekuti une simba (negative) zvinoreva kuti magetsi emagetsi ari kutenderera newachi.
Maseketi akabatana akatevedzana kuitira kuti magetsi ari kuyerera mudunhu = magetsi anopfuura nepakati peR 3 resistor = 1/3 Ampere.
Verenga musiyano ungangodaro ( V) pakati peR3 resistor
V = IR 3 = (1/3)(3) = 1 Volt
[irp]
5. Magetsi anogona kuwanikwa pakati pemapoinzi C neD = 4 Volts, tsvaga R!
Zvinozivikanwa:
Resistor 1 (R1= = 2 Ω 
Mudziviriri 2 (R2 ) = 2 Ω
Mudziviriri 3 ( R3 ) = R
emf 1 (E 1 ) = 8 Volt
emf 2 (E 2 ) = 4 Volt
Musiyano ungangovapo pakati peC neD (V CD ) = 4 Volts
Aida: R
Solution:
V CD = IR
4 = IR
R = 4 / I
…………
Verenga magetsi (I) anopfuura nepakati peR resistor
Nzira yemagetsi inosarudzwa zvakafanana neyakananga wachi:
– E 1 – 2I + E 2 – 2I – IR = 0
– 8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – I (4/I) = 0
– 8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – 4 = 0
– 8 + 4 – 4 – 2I – 2I = 0
– 8 – 4I = 0
– 8 = 4I
Ini = -8 / 4
I = -2 Ampere
Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera mudunhu i2 Ampere. Mwenje wemagetsi wakasainirwa negative zvinoreva kutungamira kwemagetsi emagetsi kunopokana newachi.
Maseketi akabatana akatevedzana kuitira kuti magetsi ari kuyerera mudunhu = magetsi anopfuura nepakati peR resistor = 2 Ampere.
A:
R = 4 / I = 4 / 2 = 2 Ohm
