Chinyorwa pamusoro peEquation yemakroskopu
Angle ndiyo inosarudza saizi yemufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa pa retina yeziso. Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri padivi, saizi yechinhu idiki, kona yakaderera uye nokudaro saizi yemufananidzo wakagadzirwa pa retina yakaderera. Saizi diki yemufananidzo uri pa retina ndiyo chikonzero nei ziso richiomera kuona zvinhu zvidiki zvakajeka, kunyangwe zvinhu zvichionekwa kubva panzvimbo iri pedyo, chinhambwe che 25 cm.
Girazi remaginari kana kuti girazi rinokudza zvinhu harina simba rekuwedzera kona nekuti kana saizi yechinhu chacho iri diki, zvinonetsa kuona uchishandisa girazi.
ipapo chimbo chekuona chine hunyanzvi huri nani hwekuwedzera kona chinodiwa. Chimbo chekuona ioptical microscope. Maikorosikopu yekuona ine malenzi maviri akapinza, apo lenzi yega yega yakapinza inonzi objective lens uye ocular lens. Lenzi yekuona inoshanda kuwedzera saizi yemufananidzo uye kuunza mufananidzo pedyo neocular lens kuitira kuti angle ive yakakosha. Pane kudaro, lenzi yekuona inoshanda kuwedzera angle kuitira kuti saizi yemufananidzo inoumbwa pa retina ive yakakura.
1. Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu kana nzvimbo yeziso iri shoma
1.1 Kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi yekutarisa kana nzvimbo yemaziso iri shoma
Lenzi yekutarisa chinhu igirazi rakamonana. Saka, chiyero chekukura kwemutsara we lenzi yekutarisa chinhu chakafanana nechiyero chekukura kwemutsara we lenzi yekutarisa chinhu.
Mifananidzo chaiyo inogadzirwa ne lenzi ine chinangwa inoonekwa sezvinhu ne lenzi ine maziso. Maziso anowanikwa zvishoma kana tsandanyama dzeziso dziri mumamiriro akasununguka, uye izvi zvinoitika kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira unogadzirwa ne lenzi ine maziso usina mugumo. Kuti mufananidzo wekupedzisira unogadzirwa ne lenzi ine chinangwa uve usina mugumo, mufananidzo chaiwo unogadzirwa ne lenzi ine chinangwa unofanira kunge uri panzvimbo ye lenzi ine chinangwa. Saka, daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa (muob) = chinhambwe chiri pakati pe lenzi ine chinangwa ne lenzi yemaziso (l) - kureba kwe lenzi yemaziso (f)ok).
m ob = kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi inoonekwa, l = daro riri pakati pelenzi inoonekwa nelenzi inoonekwa, f ok = kureba kwelenzi inoonekwa, do ob = daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi inoonekwa
Chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinosiyiwa nekuti chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinongoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
1.2 Kukura kwelenzi yemaziso kana nzvimbo yeziso iri shoma
Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka chiyero chekuwedzera kwelenzi yemaziso chakafanana ne
equation ye angular magnification ye convex lens loupe kana magnifying glass kana ziso rakasununguka.
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwekona kwemaziso kana ziso rakasununguka (pekugara padiki):
M = N / f
Kureba kwefocal (f) kunoshandurwa kuita kureba kwefocal kwelenzi yemaziso (f ok ).
M zvakanaka = N / f zvakanaka
M = kukura kwekona, N = nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika, f ok = kureba kwelenzi yemaziso.
1.3 Kukura kwese kwekona kana nzvimbo yeziso iri shoma
Kukura kwese kwekona (M) ndiko kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa (m).ob) nekuwedzera kwekona kwelenzi yemaziso (Mok)
Kureba pakati pemalenzi maviri (l) - kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f ok ) = kureba kwemufananidzo welenzi yechinangwa (di ob ). Chinhu chacho chinoiswa pedyo zvikuru nenzvimbo yekutarisa yelenzi yechinangwa kuitira kuti kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa (do ob ) kufanane nehurefu hwelenzi yechinangwa.
Mufananidzo wekupedzisira uri wepakombiyuta, wakapindurwa uye uri kure kwazvo (pausingaperi). Kureba kusingaperi kwemufananidzo wekupedzisira hazvirevi kuti saizi yemufananidzo wekupedzisira haina magumo.
2. Kukura kwese kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yepamusoro
2.1 Kukura kwe lenzi yekutarisa kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yakakwana
Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka chiyero chekukura kwelenzi yemaziso chakafanana nechiyero chekukura kwelenzi yakamonana.
Mifananidzo chaiyo inogadzirwa negirazi remaziso inoonekwa sezvinhu zviri mumaziso. Maziso anonyatsopindira kana tsandanyama dzeziso dziri mumamiriro akasimba,
uye izvi zvinogoneka kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa nelenzi yemaziso uri 25 cm kubva pane lenzi yemaziso, apo 25 cm iri poindi yepedyo yeziso remazuva ose. Kana daro remufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa nelenzi yemaziso (di ok ) rakafanana nepoindi yepedyo yeziso remazuva ose (N), daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva pane lenzi yemaziso (do ok ):
Mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa nelenzi yemaziso uri wepaindaneti, saka unopiwa chiratidzo chekusaratidza.
do ok idaro remifananidzo chaiyo (zvinhu) kubva ku lenzi yemaziso. Mu ob idaro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva ku lenzi yekutarisa. di ob + do ok = daro riri pakati pema lenzi maviri (l). Saka mu ob = l – do ok
mob = kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa, l = daro riri pakati pelenzi yechinangwa nelenzi yemaziso, dook = daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yemaziso, doob = daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa
Chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinosiyiwa nekuti chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinongoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.
2.2 Kukura kwekona kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yepamusoro
Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka chiyero chekukura kwelenzi yemaziso chakafanana nechiyero chacho.
yekukura kwekona kwegirazi rinokudza (girazi rinokudza) kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo iri pedyo (nzvimbo yekugara yakanyanya).
Kuenzanisa kwekukura kwekona kwegirazi (girazi rinokudza) kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo iri pedyo (nzvimbo yekugara yakanyanya):
M = kukura kwekona, N = nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika, f = kureba kwelenzi yemaziso.
2.3 Kukura kwese kwekona kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yepamusoro
Kukura kwemakona ese ndiko kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa (m ob ) nekuwedzera kwemakona kwelenzi yemaziso (M ok ).
Kureba pakati pe lenzi ine chinangwa ne lenzi ine maziso (l) - kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi ine maziso (do ok ) = kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa (di ob ). Chinhu chinoiswa pedyo zvikuru nenzvimbo yekutarisa ye lenzi ine chinangwa kuitira kuti kureba kwechinhu kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa (do ob ) kufanane nehurefu hwe lenzi ine chinangwa. Saka, equation iri pamusoro inogona kuchinjwa kuita:
