Equation yemaikorosikopu

Chinyorwa pamusoro peEquation ye microscope

Angle ndiyo inosarudza saizi yemufananidzo wechinhu chakagadzirwa pa retina yeziso. Sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri padivi, saizi yechinhu idiki, kona yakaderera uye nokudaro saizi yemufananidzo wakagadzirwa pa retina yakaderera. Saizi diki yemufananidzo uri pa retina ndiyo chikonzero nei ziso richiomera kuona zvinhu zvidiki zvakajeka, kunyangwe zvinhu zvichionekwa kubva panzvimbo iri pedyo, chinhambwe che 25 cm.

Girazi rerupa kana kuti rinokudza zvinhu harina simba rekuwedzera kona nekuti kana saizi yechinhu chacho iri diki, zvinonetsa kuona uchishandisa girazi rinokudza zvinhu,

ipapo chimbo chekuona chine hunyanzvi huri nani hwekuwedzera kona chinodiwa. Chimbo chekuona ioptical microscope. Maikorosikopu yekuona ine malenzi maviri akapinza, apo lenzi yega yega yakapinza inonzi objective lens uye ocular lens. Lenzi yekuona inoshanda kuwedzera saizi yemufananidzo uye kuunza mufananidzo pedyo neocular lens kuitira kuti angle ive yakakosha. Pane kudaro, lenzi yekuona inoshanda kuwedzera angle kuitira kuti saizi yemufananidzo inoumbwa pa retina ive yakakura.

1. Kukura kwese kwemaikorosikopu kana nzvimbo yeziso iri shoma

1.1 Kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi yekutarisa kana nzvimbo yemaziso iri shoma

Lenzi yekutarisa chinhu igirazi rakamonana. Saka, chiyero chekukura kwemutsara we lenzi yekutarisa chinhu chakafanana nechiyero chekukura kwemutsara we lenzi yekutarisa chinhu.

Mifananidzo chaiyo inogadzirwa ne lenzi ine chinangwa inoonekwa sezvinhu ne lenzi ine maziso. Maziso anowanikwa zvishoma kana tsandanyama dzeziso dziri mumamiriro akasununguka, uye izvi zvinoitika kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira unogadzirwa ne lenzi ine maziso usina mugumo. Kuti mufananidzo wekupedzisira unogadzirwa ne lenzi ine chinangwa uve usina mugumo, mufananidzo chaiwo unogadzirwa ne lenzi ine chinangwa unofanira kunge uri panzvimbo ye lenzi ine chinangwa. Saka, daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi ine chinangwa (mu_ob) = chinhambwe chiri pakati pe lenzi ine chinangwa ne lenzi yemaziso (l) - kureba kwe lenzi yemaziso (f)_ok).

m_ob = kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa, l = daro riri pakati pelenzi yechinangwa nelenzi yemaziso, f_ok = kureba kwelenzi yemaziso, ita_ob = chinhambwe chechinhu kubva pane lenzi yechinangwa

Chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinosiyiwa nekuti chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinongoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.

1.2 Kukura kwelenzi yemaziso kana nzvimbo yeziso iri shoma

Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka chiyero chekuwedzera kwelenzi yemaziso chakafanana ne

equation ye angular magnification ye convex lens loupe kana magnifying glass kana ziso rakasununguka.

Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwekona kwemaziso kana ziso rakasununguka (pekugara padiki):

M = N / f

Kureba kwefocal (f) kunoshandurwa kuita kureba kwefocal kwelenzi yemaziso (f_ok).

M_ok = N / f_ok

M = kukura kwekona, N = nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika, f_ok = kureba kwelenzi yemaziso.

1.3 Kukura kwese kwekona kana nzvimbo yeziso iri shoma

Kukura kwese kwekona (M) ndiko kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa (m)._ob) nekuwedzera kwekona kwelenzi yemaziso (M_ok)

Daro riri pakati pemalenzi maviri (l) - kureba kwelenzi yemaziso (f)_ok) = daro remufananidzo we lenzi ine chinangwa (mu_obChinhu chacho chinoiswa pedyo nepfungwa ye lenzi yechinangwa kuitira kuti chinhu chacho chive kure ne lenzi yechinangwa (ita_ob) inenge yakafanana nehurefu hwefocal relenzi yechinangwa.

Mufananidzo wekupedzisira uri wepakombiyuta, wakapindurwa uye uri kure kwazvo (pausingaperi). Kureba kusingaperi kwemufananidzo wekupedzisira hazvirevi kuti saizi yemufananidzo wekupedzisira haina magumo.

2. Kukura kwese kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yepamusoro

2.1 Kukura kwe lenzi yekutarisa kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yakakwana

Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka chiyero chekukura kwelenzi yemaziso chakafanana nechiyero chekukura kwelenzi yakamonana.

Mifananidzo chaiyo inogadzirwa negirazi remaziso inoonekwa sezvinhu zviri mumaziso. Maziso anonyatsopindira kana tsandanyama dzeziso dziri mumamiriro akasimba,

uye izvi zvinogoneka kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa nelenzi yemaziso uri 25 cm kubva pane lenzi yemaziso, apo 25 cm iri poindi iri pedyo neziso rakajairika. Kana daro remufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa nelenzi yemaziso (mu_ok) yakafanana nenzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika (N), daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva pane lenzi yemaziso (ita_ok):

Mufananidzo wekupedzisira unoburitswa nelenzi yemaziso uri wepaindaneti, saka unopiwa chiratidzo chekusaratidza.

do_ok ndiyo daro remifananidzo chaiyo (zvinhu) kubva pagirazi remaziso._ob ndiyo daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa._ob + ita_ok = chinhambwe chiri pakati pemagirazi maviri (l). Saka zvichienderera mberi_ob = l – ita_ok

mob = kukura kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa, l = daro riri pakati pelenzi yechinangwa nelenzi yemaziso, dook = daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yemaziso, doob = daro rechinhu kubva kune lenzi yechinangwa

Chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinosiyiwa nekuti chiratidzo chekuramba chiripo chinongoratidza kuti mufananidzo wacho wakapindurwa.

2.2 Kukura kwekona kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yepamusoro

Lenzi yemaziso igirazi rakamonana, saka chiyero chekukura kwelenzi yemaziso chakafanana nechiyero chacho.

yekukura kwekona kwegirazi rinokudza (girazi rinokudza) kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo iri pedyo (nzvimbo yekugara yakanyanya).

Kuenzanisa kwekukura kwekona kwegirazi (girazi rinokudza) kana ziso rakatarisa panzvimbo iri pedyo (nzvimbo yekugara yakanyanya):

M = kukura kwekona, N = nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso rakajairika, f = kureba kwemaziso lens.

2.3 Kukura kwese kwekona kana nzvimbo yeziso iri yepamusoro

Kukura kwese kwekona ndiko kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara kwelenzi yechinangwa (m)._ob) nekuwedzera kwekona kwelenzi yemaziso (M_ok).

Kureba kuri pakati pe lenzi yekutarisa ne lenzi yemaziso (l) - kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yemaziso (ita_ok) = daro remufananidzo chaiwo kubva kune lenzi yekutarisa (mu_obChinhu chacho chinoiswa pedyo nepfungwa ye lenzi yechinangwa kuitira kuti chinhu chacho chive kure ne lenzi yechinangwa (ita_ob) inenge yakafanana nehurefu hwefocal relenzi yechinangwa. Saka, equation iri pamusoro inogona kuchinjwa kuita: