Kupatsanurwa nechikamu chimwe chete - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Chiedza chine urefu hwemafungu e500 nm chinopfuura nemuburi rine upamhi hwe 0.2 mm. Patani ye diffraction iri pachiratidziro chiri kure ne 60 cm. Sarudza daro riri pakati pepakati pepamusoro nepadiki yechipiri.
Zvinozivikanwa:
λ = 500 nm = 500 x 10 -9 m = 5 x 10 -7 m
d = 0.2 mm = 0.2 x 10 -3 m = 2 x 10 -4 m
l = 60 cm = 0.6 m
n = 2
Waida : y?
Solution:
Upamhi hwemugero hushoma kana tichienzanisa nedaro riri pakati pemugero nechidzitiro zvekuti kona iri shoma (upamhi hwemugero uri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro hwakura). Kona yacho idiki zvekuti sin θ ≈ tan θ.
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = y / 0.6
Equation ye d iffraction ne slit imwe chete (min ima ):
d sin θ = n λ
(2 x 10 -4 )(y/0,6) = (2)(5 x 10 -7 )
(2 x 10 -4 ) y = (0.6)(10 x 10 -7 )
(2 x 10 -4 ) y = 6 x 10 -7
y = (6 x 10 -7 ) / (2 x 10 -4 )
y = 3 x 10 -3
y = 0.003 m
y = 3 mm
2. Chiedza cheMonochromatic chine urefu hwemafungu e5000 Å (1 Å = 10 −10 m) chinopfuura nemumupata mumwe chete, zvichiburitsa patani ye diffraction yepamusoro-soro yekutanga sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo. Sarudza upamhi hwemupata.
Zvinozivikanwa:
λ = 5000 Å = 5000 x 10 -10 m = 5 x 10 -7 m
chivi 30 o = 0,5
n = 1
Zvinodiwa: upamhi hwemupata (d)?
Solution:
d sin θ = n λ
d (0.5) = (1)(5 x 10 -7 )
d = (5 x 10 -7 ) / (0.5)
d = 10 x 10 -7 m
d = 1 x 10 -6 m
d = 1 x 10 -3 mm
d = 0.001 mm
Kupatsanurwa kwechiedza zvinoreva chiitiko chinopararira mafungu paanosangana nechipingamupinyi kana kupfuura nemuburi. Kana chiedza che monochromatic (chiedza chewavelength imwe chete) chikapfuura nemuburi rimwe chete, hachingofambi mumutsara wakatwasuka; panzvimbo pezvo, chinopararira uye chinogadzira patani yekupatsanurwa kwechiedza pachidzitiro chakaiswa kuseri kweburi.
Kune gomba rimwe chete, chinhu chikuru che diffraction pattern ipakati pechiedza chikuru, chakakomberedzwa kumativi ese ari maviri nenhevedzano yerima neyakajeka (minima ne maxima). Heino nzira yekunzwisisa nekutsanangura diffraction pattern kubva pagomba rimwe chete:
- Pakati Pepamusoro: Mupendero wakajeka wepakati ndiwo wakanyanya kusimba uye wakafara. Simba rinoderera kana munhu achifamba kubva padanho repakati.
- Minimum: Mipendero yakasviba kana kuti minima inoitika pamakona zvekuti: �chivi(�)=�� kupi:
- ndihwo upamhi hwemupata.
- ndiyo hupamhi hwechiedza.
- inhamba yakakwana, isingabatanidzi zero (kureva, ±1, ±2, ±3, …).
- Maxima: Pakati peizvi zvishoma, pane secondary maxima, asi hadzina kupenya zvakanyanya pane central maxima uye dzinodzikira simba kure nepakati.
- Mupata Wakafara vs. Mupata Wakamanikana: Upamhi hwepakati pepamusoro hunoenderana nehupamhi hwepakati pepakati. Kureva kuti, gomba rakamanikana rinoburitsa gomba rakafara repakati pepamusoro uye zvinopesana.
- Kureba kweMafungu vs. Kureba kweMafungu Kupfupi kweMafungu: Nzvimbo dzemakona dzeminima nemaxima dzinoenderana newavelength. Mawavelength akareba achaita kuti patani dzakapararira dzichienzaniswa nemawavelength mapfupi.
- Kuenzanisa neDouble Slit: Patani ye diffraction ine mutswe mumwe chete yakasiyana ne patani ye diffraction ine mutswe miviri, kunyange zvazvo zviri zviitiko zvine hukama. Kana uine mutswe miviri, waizoona patani ye diffraction ine mipendero yakawanda yakajeka uye yakasviba. Zvisinei, kana mitswe yacho yakanga yakakura zvakakwana, mutswe wega wega waizogadzirawo patani yayo ye diffraction, zvichikonzera "envelopu" effect apo simba re mipendero ye diffraction rinochinja nekuda kwe diffraction ine mutswe mumwe chete.
Kunzwisisa kwemasvomhu kwe diffraction ine slit imwe chete kunoshandisa Huygens principle, iyo inoti poindi yega yega iri pamberi pe wavefront inogona kufungidzirwa senzvimbo yema wavelets echipiri anotenderera anopararira akananga mberi. Nekubatanidza mhedzisiro yema wavelets ese aya, munhu anogona kuwana patani ye diffraction.
Mukushandiswa kwezvinoshanda uye mumarabhoritari, kutarisa mapatani e diffraction ane slit imwe chete kunogona kushandiswa kuona urefu hwechiedza kana saizi yeslit, tichifunga nezvemamwe ma parameter.
