Kudzidza Mapatani Emwaka Aripo muMakassar Strait Uchishandisa Data Rekuongorora Kwegungwa
Pendauluan
Makassar Strait ndeimwe yenzira dzegungwa dzakakosha muIndonesia, zvese maererano neruzivo rwegungwa, mabasa ekufambisa nekutakura zvinhu nekubata hove. Nzira iyi inobatanidza Gungwa reSulawesi kuchamhembe neGungwa reFlores kumaodzanyemba, uye inoshanda se "nzira huru" yeIndonesian Throughflow (ITF), iyo inotakura mvura kubva kuPacific Ocean kuenda kuIndian Ocean. Nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yekuvaka uye hunhu hwayo hwakatetepa uye hwakareba, Makassar Strait inosangana nekushanduka kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekunze uye inonzwa shanduko dzemwaka.
Kudzidza maitiro emwaka muMakassar Strait kwakakosha pakunzwisisa kusiyana kwekutakurwa kwemvura, kupararira kwekupisa nemunyu, uye zvazvinoreva pamamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda, uye zviwanikwa zvemugungwa. Nekushandisa data rekutarisa gungwa—rakadai seAcoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), nzvimbo dzinosungirirwa, Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD), drifters, uye calibrated satellite altimetry—vaongorori vanogona kuyera zvivakwa zvemazuva ano kubva pamusoro kusvika pakadzika chaipo uye kuongorora shanduko mumaitiro emazuva ano pakati pemwaka.
Pfupiso yeOceanography yeMakassar Strait
Makassar Strait inoshanda senzira huru yekupinda muITF. Mvura inotonga inowanzo famba kubva kuchamhembe kuenda kumaodzanyemba, ichikanganiswa nemusiyano uripo pakati pemvura yekumadokero kwePacific nepakati peIndonesia, pamwe nemhepo yemonsoon uye mafungu eKelvin/Rossby anopararira kubva mugungwa rakapoteredza. Kuyerera kwakaoma kwemvura iyi—ine migero nemateru—kunogadzira chimiro chemvura isina kufanana, yakatambarara uye yakatwasuka.
Kana tichitarisa kumusoro, simba reITF riri muMakassar Strait rinowanzo ratidza kumhanya kwakanyanya pakudzika kwethermocline, kwete nguva dzose pamusoro. Izvi zvine chekuita nekupatsanurwa kwemvura, kuchekwa kwemhepo pamusoro, uye kuvapo kwechikamu chakasanganiswa, ukobvu hwacho hunosiyana nemwaka. Uyezve, simba remvura nemafungu emukati zvinochinja simba remvura zuva nezuva kusvika vhiki.
Manyuko uye Mhando dzeMarine Observation Data
Zvidzidzo zvemwaka zvinosanganisa mhando dzakasiyana dzeruzivo rwekutarisa kuti zvibate kusiyana kwenzvimbo nenguva:
1. Kubata ADCP: Chishandiso cheADCP chakaiswa pakubata chinokwanisa kunyora ma profiles ekumhanya kwemagetsi pakadzika kwakasiyana-siyana nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, paawa imwe neimwe). Data iri rakakosha pakuona shanduko dzemwaka, kusanganisira kuchinja kwehudzamu hwemagetsi uye simba rekufambisa.
2. Kuyerwa kweCTD: Mapurofayi ekupisa nemunyu kubva kuCTD anobatsira kuona chimiro chemvura, ukobvu hwechikamu chakasanganiswa, kudzika kwethermocline, uye kugadzikana kwekoramu yemvura zvinokanganisa mafungu emvura.
3. Chinodhonzera neArgo Float: Chinodhonzera pamusoro chinotsanangura simba remvura riri pamusoro, nepo Argo float ichigona kuratidza kufamba kwemvura yakawanda pakadzika kwekupaka.
4. Kuongororazve Satellite Altimetry neMhepo: Kusarongeka kwenzvimbo yegungwa uye data remhepo zvinobatsira kunzwisisa masimba makuru ekufambisa akadai sekumanikidzwa, pamwe nemhinduro yegungwa kumvura ine simba.
5. Ruzivo rweTidal: Kuti uparadzanise zvikamu zvetidal current nemasalla (asiri etidal currents), ruzivo rwetidal kana harmonic analysis zvinodiwa.
Kugadziriswa kwedata kunowanzo sanganisira kudzora mhando, kusefa kuti kupatsanure mamwe masvomhu enguva (semuenzaniso zuva nezuva vs mwaka), uye kuverenga nhamba dzemwaka (avhareji yeDJF, MAM, JJA, SON, kana kupatsanurwa kweWest neEast Monsoon).
Hurongwa hwemwaka muIndonesia uye Kukanganisa Kwahwo paMafungu emvura
Kusiyana kwemwaka mumvura dzeIndonesia kunowanzo kukonzerwa nehurongwa hwemvura inonaya:
– Kumadokero kweMadokero (kunenge muna Mbudzi–Kurume): Mhepo ine simba inovhuvhuta ichibva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero ichienda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Mamiriro aya anowanzobatanidzwa nekunaya kwemvura yakawanda uye kuchinja kwemafambiro emvura pamusoro.
– Kumabvazuva kweMafashamo (kunenge muna Chivabvu–Gunyana): Mhepo ine simba inobva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva ichienda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Mwaka uno unowanzounza mamiriro ekunze akaoma munzvimbo zhinji dzeIndonesia uye unogona kusimbisa mashandiro emvura mune dzimwe mvura.
– Mwaka wekuchinja (kunenge muna Kubvumbi naGumiguru): Mhepo dzinopera simba uye dzinochinja divi; kusiyana kwenzvimbo (semuenzaniso mafungu emvura, mafungu emvura anoyerera) kunogona kuoneka zvakanyanya.
MuMakassar Strait, kunyange zvazvo ITF ichiwanzoyerera ichidzika kumaodzanyemba gore rose, kusimba kwayo uye chimiro chayo chakatwasuka zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemwaka. Simba remvura inonaya rinoonekwa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemhepo pamusoro pemvura, kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzegungwa, uye shanduko mumatanho anotonga kuti simba rinotamiswa sei kusvika pakadzika.
Maitiro Emazuva Ano Emwaka Akavakirwa Padata Rekucherechedza
1. Mafashamo ekumadokero: Kuchinja-chinja kwenzvimbo uye Kusimbisa Rutivi Rwepamusoro
Zvichibva paADCP uye ongororo dzinoitwa nemhepo inodonha, mafungu emvura pamusoro anogona kuratidza kusiyana kukuru munguva yeMadokero eMadokero nekuda kwemhepo ine simba uye mamiriro ekushanduka kwemafungu. Mune dzimwe nguva, mafungu emvura pamusoro anogona kupera simba zvichienzaniswa nemimwe mwaka nekuda kwekuunganidza kwemvura yakawanda uye shanduko mumatanho ekumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo. Zvisinei, mafungu emvura ekumaodzanyemba sechikamu cheITF anoramba achionekwa, kunyanya pakadzika kwethermocline.
Kuyerwa kweCTD mumwaka uno kunowanzo ratidza kusanganiswa kwakadzika mune dzimwe nzvimbo nekuda kwekusanganiswa nemhepo nemvura, zvichigona kuchinja kugoverwa kwetembiricha nemunyu. Kuchinja uku kwematanho kunogona kukanganisa kudzika kwemagetsi epasi rose uye hukuru hwekukweshana kwemvura.
2. Kumabvazuva kweMafashamo: Kusimbiswa kweITF neChimiro Chinozivikanwa cheThermocline
Munguva yeEast Monsoon, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvekuongorora zvinoratidza kuti kufamba kweITF kwakasimba muMakassar Strait. Nemhepo huru yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva uye mafambiro enzvimbo zvichikonzera kumanikidzwa kubva kuPacific kuenda kuCentral Indonesia, mafungu ekumaodzanyemba anogona kusimba uye kurongeka zvakanyanya.
Data reADCP rinobata mhepo rinowanzo ratidza kumhanya kwakanyanya muthermocline (semuenzaniso, mazana mashoma emamita ekutanga), nepo pamusoro pemvura pachigona kukanganiswa nemhepo yemuno uye maitiro ekusanganisa mhepo. MaCTD munguva ino anowanzo ratidza thermocline yakapinza, zvichiratidza kupatsanurwa kwakasimba "kunovhara" simba guru remhepo pakadzika chaipo.
3. Mwaka wekuchinja: Basa reEddy, Mafungu emukati, uye Mafungu emvura
Munguva yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, sezvo mhepo ichiderera uye ichichinja-chinja, chiratidzo chemwaka chinogona "kuvhiringidzika" nekusiyana-siyana kwezviyero zvipfupi. Data reADCP rine resolution yepamusoro rinowanzo ratidza kushanduka kwakasimba kwetidal uye kuvapo kwezviitiko zvemukati zvemafungu zvinowedzera vertical shear.
Munguva iyi, mafungu emvura anobva kuSulawesi Sea kana Flores Sea anogona kukanganisa mafungu ari mustrait. Satellite altimetry inogona kubatsira kuona kusagadzikana kwegungwa kune chekuita nemafungu emvura, nokudaro ichisimbisa kududzirwa kwedata riri munzvimbo iyoyo.
Kuongorora Kutakura uye Zvazvinoreva
Maitiro emwaka haasi kungochinja kwaanoenda nekumhanya chete, asiwo ane chekuita nekutakura kwehuwandu (kubuda kwemagetsi) kunopfuura nemuMakassar Strait. Kuverenga kwekufambisa kunowanzoitwa nekubatanidza velocity profile nehupamhi nehupamhi hwestrait (zvichienderana nemiganhu yekufukidza kwemidziyo).
Kuchinja kweITF kutakurwa kune zvakunoreva zvakasiyana-siyana:
1. Mamiriro ekunze eDunhu nePasirose: ITF inofambisa kupisa nemvura yakachena, ichipesvedzera kutenderera kweIndian Ocean uye kusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze akadai seAustralian monsoon neIndian Ocean Dipole.
2. Kubereka Hove Mumvura: Kusiyana kuripo pari zvino kunokanganisa kugoverwa kwezvinovaka muviri, kugona kwekukura kwehove munzvimbo iyoyo, uye pakupedzisira kunaka kwenzvimbo dzehove.
3. Kuchengetedzeka kweKutakura neKushanda Kunze kweNyika: Ruzivo rwemazuva ano rwemwaka runobatsira mukuronga nzira dzekutakura zvinhu, kuisa tambo/mapaipi emugungwa, uye kuderedza njodzi.
4. Kupararira Kwezvinhu Zvinosvibisa Mugungwa Nemarara: Mhepo dzinoyerera mwaka dzinoona divi uye kumhanya kwekupararira kwezvinhu zvinoyangarara, izvo zvakakosha pakuita kuti zvakatipoteredza zvishande zvakanaka.
Matambudziko muzvidzidzo zvakavakirwa pakuongorora
Kunyangwe ruzivo rwekutarisa ruchikosha, matambudziko akati wandei anowanzo buda: nzvimbo shoma dzekutarisa, kukanganiswa kwedata nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwechinhu kana kutadza kwemidziyo, uye kusiyana kwenguva. Uyezve, Makassar Strait inokanganiswa nemafungu akasimba uye mamiriro akaomarara enzvimbo, saka kupatsanura zviratidzo zvemvura, zvemukati memwaka, uye zvemwaka kunoda nzira dzakakodzera dzekuongorora. Kubatanidza data remukati menzvimbo nezvigadzirwa zvesatellite uye mamodheru enhamba akagadziriswa kazhinji ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekusimbisa mhedziso.
Mhedziso
Chidzidzo chemaitiro emwaka wemvura muMakassar Strait chichishandisa data rekucherechedza gungwa chinoratidza kuti simba guru rekumaodzanyemba, chikamu cheIndonesian Ocean Current (Arlindo), rinoramba riripo gore rose, asi kusimba kwaro uye chimiro charo chakamira zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemwaka. East Monsoon inowanzobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kweITF currents uye kutakura, nepo West Monsoon ichiratidza kusiyana kwakaoma kwenzvimbo kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvemumhepo uye stratification. Mwaka wekuchinja inguva iyo maitiro mapfupi-mafungu, mafungu emukati, uye eddies-anowanzoita seanonyanya kukosha muchiratidzo chemagetsi chinoonekwa.
Nekuwedzera network yekutarisa (kumisa ngarava kwenguva refu, ongororo dzeCTD dzenguva dzose, madhirivhari, uye rutsigiro rwesatellite), kunzwisisa kwedu mashandiro emwaka weMakassar Strait kunogona kuramba kuchivandudzwa. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha kwete chete kune sainzi yegungwa asiwo pakutarisira zviwanikwa, kuchengetedzeka kwegungwa, uye kugadzirisa kusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze muIndonesia nekune dzimwe nzvimbo.
