Chidzidzo cheFizikiki yeOceanography paEddy Current Formation muBanda Sea
Pendauluan
Gungwa reBanda ndeimwe yemvura dzakadzika uye dzinoshanda zvakanyanya muIndonesia. Riri kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa ichi uye rakakomberedzwa nemapoka ezvitsuwa zvakaita seSeram, Buru, neBanda Islands, pamwe nezvikamu zvezvitsuwa zveNusa Tenggara neMaluku, Gungwa reBanda rinoshanda se "ndiro" yegungwa ine basa rakakosha mukutenderera kwegungwa munzvimbo iyi. Muzvidzidzo zvefizikisi yegungwa, chimwe chinhu chakakosha munharaunda iyi kuumbwa kwema-eddies, mafungu egungwa epakati nepakati anogona kugara kubva pamazuva kusvika kumwedzi. Mafungu eEddy haangofadzi kudzidza kubva pamaonero emvura chete asiwo anokanganisa kupararira kwekupisa, munyu, zvinovaka muviri, kugadzirwa kwekutanga, uye nzira dzekutama dzebiota yegungwa. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura kuti ma-eddies anoumbwa sei muGungwa reBanda, zvinhu zvinodzora, nzira dzekucherechedza, uye zvadzinoreva mune zvesainzi uye zvinoshanda.
Hunhu hweGungwa reBanda
Muchidimbu, Gungwa reBanda rine dhishi rakadzika rine kudzika kunodarika mamita zviuru zvishanu mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kuvapo kwedhishi iri rakadzika kunosiyanisa Gungwa reBanda nemamwe makungwa akawanda ari mumucheto muIndonesia. Nzvimbo yakaoma yepasi pegungwa, kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakaoma dzemvura dzinopinda nekubuda, uye chimiro chakavharwa chedhishi chinoita kuti pave nekutenderera kwakasiyana kwemhepo neIndonesian Throughflow (ITF). Kubva pamaonero anochinja-chinja, kusanganiswa kwekudzika, nzvimbo, uye miganhu yechitsuwa kunoita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekugadzira eddy kuburikidza nemaitiro ekusagadzikana kwezvino uye kudyidzana kwemafungu nerubatsiro rwepasi pegungwa.
Kunzwisisa maEddies muFiziki yeOceanography
Eddy chimiro chinotenderera chinogona kutenderera newachi (anticyclonic muSouthern Hemisphere) kana kuti counterclockwise (cyclonic). MuSouthern Hemisphere, cyclonic eddies dzinowanzo buritsa kukwira (kusimudzwa kwemvura kubva pasi kusvika pamusoro), zvichikonzera tembiricha yakaderera pamusoro uye huwandu hwakakwira hwezvinovaka muviri. Kusiyana neizvi, anticyclonic eddies dzinowanzo batanidzwa nekudzika kwemvura (kumanikidzwa kwemvura pasi), zvichikonzera tembiricha inodziya pamusoro uye mixed layer yakakora. Eddy scales dzinowanzova makumi kusvika mazana emakiromita, uye kinetic energy yavo yakakura zvichienzaniswa nekusiyana kudiki muma background currents.
Basa remamonsoon nemasimba emhepo pamusoro
Dunhu reBanda Sea rinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nehurongwa hwemvura inonaya muAsia neAustralia. Munguva yemvura inonaya muEast Monsoon (inenge muna Chikumi-Gunyana), mhepo dzinobva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva dzinowanzova dzakasimba uye dzakagadzikana. Mhepo idzi dzinoita kuti mvura inonaya pamusoro peEkman ifambe, izvo zvinogona kusundira mvura yakawanda pamusoro pegungwa kubva munzvimbo dzemahombekombe/nzvimbo dzakatenuka dzechitsuwa, zvichiwedzera kukwira kwemvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinenge dzichida kuti mvura ifambe zvakanaka. Padanho reBasin, maitiro emhepo inonaya mumhepo uye kusiyana kwayo zvinogona kukonzera mhepo inonaya mumhepo, izvo zvinoita basa guru mukugadzira mvura inonaya mumhepo kana kuti inoungana. Kukombama kwakanaka (mune dzimwe nzira) kunogona kuita kuti Ekman ifambe zvakanaka, zvichikonzera thermocline uye kuwedzera mukana wekuti mvura ifambe zvakanaka.
Munguva yemvura inonaya kumadokero (kunenge muna Zvita-Kurume), mhepo dzinobva kumadokero uye mapatani emvura anonaya zvinowedzera. Kuchinja kwemhepo nekusimba kwayo kunochinja chimiro chemvura inoyerera pamusoro penyika uye kupatsanurwa kwayo. Kuchinja kwemvura inonaya kazhinji kunoratidza kusiyana kwemhepo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mafungu uye kusagadzikana kwemvura zvinozopedzisira zvaita mafungu.
Simba reIndonesian Throughflow (ITF) uye kuchinjana kwemvura
Gungwa reBanda riri munzira huru yekuchinjana kwemvura kubva kuPacific kuenda kuIndian Ocean kuburikidza neITF system. Kuyerera kweITF, kunopfuura nemuHalmahera-Seram channel nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinopinda mvura, kunotakura mvura dzine tembiricha chaiyo uye munyu. Kana kuyerera kwacho kwakasimba uye kuchisangana nezvipingamupinyi zvetopographic kana shanduko muhupamhi hwestrait, kunowedzera mukana wekusagadzikana kwe barotropic. Kusagadzikana uku inzira yekare yekugadzira eddy: kana main current ikasangana nekuchekwa kwakasimba, kukanganiswa kudiki kunogona kukura uye kugadzira eddies.
Uyezve, kusiyana kwehuwandu hwevanhu nekuda kwekushanduka kwetembiricha uye munyu kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwemvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pamberi (nzvimbo dzinosangana mvura) kana dzakatenderedza thermoclines dzinosimudzwa nekukwira kwemvura. Kusagadzikana kwemvura kunowanzo shandura simba rinogona kuitika (nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu) kuita simba re eddy kinetic. Gungwa reBanda, rine simba rayo remwaka uye huwandu hwemvura, rinopa nharaunda inobatsira mhando dzese dzekusagadzikana.
Kudyidzana kwemafungu emvura ne topography: "topographic steering" uye kutambanudza vortex
Miganhu yechitsuwa, materu akakora, miganho yegungwa, uye mabheseni akadzika zvese zvinogona "kudzora" mafungu emvura (topographic steering). Kana mafungu achipfuura nemumatenho akakora kana madonhwe akadzika, denderedzwa remvura rinoona shanduko muukobvu hunoshanda. Mukati megadziriro yekuchengetedzwa kwemafungu, shanduko muukobvu hwemafungu emvura inogona kutungamira mukusimba kana kushomeka kwekutenderera (kutambanudza mafungu kana kudzvanywa). Semuenzaniso, kana denderedzwa remvura "rakatambanudzwa" mumvura yakadzika, mafungu anogona kuchinja kuti arambe aine mafungu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti mafungu aumbe kana kusimba. MuGungwa reBanda, kusanganiswa kwemafungu nemabheseni akadzika kunoita kuti nzira iyi ive yakakosha zvikuru.
Rossby anokwazisa Kelvin, uye zvinokonzeresa kusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze nemwaka
Kuwedzera kumhepo nemafungu ekumashure, mafungu anogonawo kukanganiswa nekupararira kwemafungu epasi akadai semafungu eRossby nemafungu eKelvin emahombekombe. Kusiyana kwemukati memwaka, semuenzaniso kwakabatana neMadden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), kunogona kugadzirisa kushushikana kwemhepo nemvura inonaya, nokudaro kuchikanganisa kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo uye kutenderera kwemhepo. Kuparadzira mafungu eRossby kunogona "kuronga" kusarongeka kwenzvimbo dzegungwa uye kuwedzera kusagadzikana kunobva kwava mafungu. Mukuongorora kwesatellite, mafungu anowanzoonekwa seasina kunaka kana kuti asina kunaka anofamba zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana negeostrophic dynamics.
Nzira dzekuongorora nekuongorora dzeEddy muGungwa reBanda
Zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zve eddy zvinowanzobatanidza manyuko edata akati wandei:
1. Kuyera mafambiro emvura mugungwa: Kuyera kusarongeka kwenzvimbo yegungwa, uko kunogona kuwanikwa mumafungu emvura ari pamusoro. Eddy inogona kuonekwa nemufananidzo weSLA wakatenderera.
2. SST (Kupisa kweGungwa) uye ruvara rwegungwa: Madenderedzwa eCyclonic anowanzoita seanotonhorera uye ane chlorophyll yakawanda, nepo madenderedzwa eAnticyclonic anodziya uye anowanzova asina chlorophyll yakawanda.
3. Argo float neCTD: Inopa ma profiles ekupisa-munyu kuti ione shanduko dze thermocline uye maumbirwo akamira eddy.
4. Kutenderera uye ADCP: Kuramba uchiyera mafungu emvura kwakakosha kuti ubate kushanduka kwemafungu uye kudyidzana nemafungu emvura neITF.
5. Kuenzanisa nhamba: Mamodheru ane resolution yepamusoro anogona kutevedzera kusagadzikana kwezvino, mhedzisiro yenzvimbo, uye mhinduro yekumanikidzwa nemhepo. Kuongororwa kwesimba (barotropic/baroclinic conversion) kunowanzo shandiswa kuongorora mashandiro ekugadzira eddy.
Kusanganiswa uku kwenzira kunobvumira vaongorori kuongorora hukuru hwemvura inoyerera, simba rayo, hupenyu hwayo, nzira yayo, uye mhedzisiro yayo pakuchinjana kwemvura.
Mhedzisiro yezvinomera pazvakatipoteredza nemabasa evanhu
Mafungu emvura anotsvedza anokanganisa kupararira kwekupisa nemunyu, nokudaro zvichibatsira pakuenzana kwesimba renzvimbo. MuGungwa reBanda, mafungu emvura anotsvedza anogona kupfumisa pamusoro nezvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nekukwira, zvichigona kuwedzera kubereka kwe phytoplankton. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa cheni yezvekudya zvegungwa uye pakupedzisira kubata hove. Kusiyana neizvi, mafungu emvura anotsvedza anogona kusundira zvinovaka muviri pasi, zvichiita kuti mamiriro ekunze asave nezvibereko zvakanaka pamusoro.
Kumabasa evanhu, kunzwisisa maeddies kunobatsira mune zvinotevera:
- Kuronga mashandiro egungwa (semuenzaniso, ngarava nekuongorora zvikepe) nekuti mafungu egungwa anogona kuchinja zvakanyanya mafungu nemafungu.
- Kutarisira hove kuburikidza nekuona nzvimbo dzinobereka dzine chekuita nemasango nemasango.
- Kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo nekuti mafungu anochinja kuchinjana kwekupisa pakati pegungwa nemhepo uye anogona kukanganisa kunaya kwemvura munharaunda.
Mhedziso
Kuumbwa kwemafungu emvura muGungwa reBanda kunokonzerwa nekudyidzana kwakaoma pakati pekumanikidzwa kwemvura inonaya, kuyerera kweITF, chimiro chehuwandu hwevanhu (stratification), mafungu egungwa, uye topography yemvura yakadzika uye miganhu yechitsuwa chakaoma. Nzira dzekugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwemvura inonaya uye inonaya, pamwe chete nemhedzisiro yekuchengetedza kwemhepo inogona kuitika sezvo mvura ichipfuura nekuchinja kwemvura inonaya, ndizvo zvakakosha pakuumbwa kwemafungu aya epakati nepakati. Zvidzidzo zveEddy zvinoda kubatanidzwa kwedata resatellite, kuyerwa kwenzvimbo, uye kuenzanisira kwenhamba kuti uwane mufananidzo wakakwana. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro emvura muGungwa reBanda, hatingopfumisi chete physical oceanography asiwo tinovandudza manejimendi yezviwanikwa zvegungwa uye kugona kuderedza njodzi dzezviitiko zvegungwa kumabvazuva kweIndonesia.
