Kuongororwa kweKusiyana kweTidal paMabasa eChiteshi cheGungwa
Pendauluan
Zviteshi zvegungwa inzvimbo dzakakosha mukufambisa zvinhu, kutengeserana, uye kufamba kwevanhu. Kushanda zvakanaka kwezviitiko zvechiteshi kunokonzereswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira mamiriro ekunze, mafungu, mhepo, mafungu, uye mamiriro emvura akadai sekudzika kwenzira dzechiteshi nemabheseni. Pakati pezvinhu izvi, mafungu anoita basa rakakosha nekuti anochinja zvakananga kukwirira kwegungwa nekufamba kwenguva. Kuchinja kwemvura kunogona kubatsira pakuwedzera kudzika kunobudirira, asi kunogonawo kuva chipingamupinyi kana mafungu akaderera achikonzera kuti ngarava dziomerwe nekupinda, kunyura mumvura, kana kumirira. Nokudaro, ongororo yemvura chinhu chakakosha mukuronga chiteshi, mashandiro, uye kuchengetedzeka kwekutakura zvinhu.
Pfungwa Yekutanga yeMafungu uye Kusiyana Kwawo
Mafungu egungwa anokonzerwa nekukwira nekudzika kwemvura yegungwa inokweva Mwedzi neZuva pamvura yepasi, pamwe chete nekutenderera kwepasi. Muchokwadi, mafungu egungwa panzvimbo yakatarwa anokanganiswawo nechimiro chegungwa, kudzika kwemvura, mamiriro egungwa, uye kurira kwenzvimbo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, hunhu hwemafungu egungwa hunogona kusiyana pakati pemachiteshi egungwa, kunyangwe mukati menzvimbo pfupi.
Kazhinji, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemafungu:
1. Rimwe zuva nezuva (zuva nezuva): kukwira kwemvura kamwe chete uye kuderera kwemvura kamwe chete pazuva.
2. Kunwa kaviri pazuva (semidiurnal): kunwa mvura yakawanda kaviri uye kunwa mvura shoma kaviri pazuva rimwe chete rine urefu hwakafanana.
3. Mixed: mafungu maviri akakwirira neakaderera asi kukwirira nenguva hazvina kufanana, saka misiyano yacho yakaoma kunzwisisa.
Imwe shanduko yakakosha ndeye mvura yechirimo uye mvura inonaya. Kana Mwedzi, Zuva, neNyika zvanyatsoenderana (mwedzi wakazara kana mutsva), mvura inonaya inowanzova yakanyanya (mvura yechirimo). Panguva imwe chete, kana Mwedzi neZuva zvikaita kona inosvika madhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe neNyika, mvura inonaya inenge iri shoma (mvura inonaya). Kune madoko, shanduko mumvura iyi dzine zvadzinoreva padanho remvura rinoita kuti mvura isvike pakadzika uye pakushanda zvakanaka.
Mhedzisiro yeMafungu eTidal paKudzika kweHarbor Channels neMadziva eMugungwa
Kudzika kwemvura yechiteshi kunowanzogadzirwa zvichibva pakusanganiswa kwekudzika kwechisikigo, mhedzisiro yekudonha kwemvura, uye zvinodiwa pakudhonza ngarava. Zvisinei, kudzika "kwakayerwa" pachati ye bathymetric hakugari kunoenderana nekudzika chaiko panguva ipi zvayo, sezvo huwandu hwemvura huchichinja-chinja nekuda kwemafungu. Chinhu chikuru ndechekudzika kunoshanda: kudzika kwemugero/dziva pamwe nehuwandu hwemvura huripo pasina nzvimbo inodiwa pasi pekeel clearance (UKC), inova daro rakachengeteka pakati pekeel yengarava nepasi.
Kana mvura yadzika, kudzika kunoshanda kunoderera zvekuti:
– Ngarava huru dzinodhonza ngarava dzingasakwanisa kupinda kana kubuda muchiteshi.
– Njodzi yekudzika kwevhu inowedzera, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina kudzika kana dzine dongo rinoita basa.
– Kumhanya kwechikepe kunoderera nekuda kwenzvimbo diki yakamira uye mafambiro ekukweva (chikepe "chinodonha" zvishoma kana chichifamba nekukurumidza mumvura isina kudzika) anova akakosha zvakanyanya.
Kusiyana neizvi, kana mvura yakwira, kudzika kunoshanda kunowedzera uye kunowanzo shandiswa pa:
- Inokwanisa kutakura ngarava hombe.
- Ronga nguva dzekuenda/kusvika kuti uderedze mitemo yekukwira ndege.
– Inoderedza kudiwa kwekudzvurwa kwakanyanya (kunyange zvazvo ichiri kuda mitemo yekudzivirira).
Mhedzisiro yeMafungu paKurongwa kweDocking uye Kufamba kweNgarava
Kushanda kwechiteshi kunonyanya kuenderana nenguva. Zvisinei, nguva dzechikepe dzinowanzo fanira kuenderana nemafambiro emvura. Muzviteshi zvine nzvimbo huru dzemvura kana nzira dzisina kudzika, dzimwe ngarava dzinogona kushanda chete panguva chaiyo yemvura. Kukanganisa kwacho kunosanganisira:
– Nguva yekumirira inowedzera kana ngarava yasvika pakadzika kwemvura.
– Kuzara kwezvikepe munzvimbo dzakamira nekuda kwezvikepe zvakawanda zvakamirira mafungu makuru.
- Kuderera kwekubudirira kwekurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu kana ngarava yanonoka kusvika pachiteshi kana kuti ichifanira kusimuka nekukurumidza kuti ikwanise kubata mafungu emvura.
Kune rumwe rutivi, madoko anobatanidza data remvura negungwa muhurongwa hwavo hwekuronga nguva anogona kuderedza nguva yekumirira. Madoko mazhinji emazuva ano anoshandisa kufanotaura kwemvura negungwa, AIS (Automatic Identification System), uye masisitimu ekutarisira kusvika kwengarava kuti aronge mitsetse zviri nani.
Kukanganiswa Kwemabasa Ekurodha Nekuburitsa Zvinhu Uye Kuchengetedzeka
Mafungu emvura anokanganisawo mashandiro engarava kana yamira. Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura kunokanganisa:
– Kumanikidzwa kwetambo dzekufambisa: Sezvo mvura ichikwira kana kudzikira, kukwirira kwechikepe kunochinja. Kana tambo dzisina kugadziriswa zvakanaka, dzinogona kusimba zvakanyanya kana kuti dzakasununguka, zvichiita kuti chikepe chityoke kana kuti chifambe.
– Kushanda kweGangway uye kupinda: musiyano wekukwirira pakati pepier nechikepe unochinja zvichienderana nekufamba kwemvura, saka kupinda kwevashandi kunofanirwa kugadziriswa kudzivirira tsaona.
– Mashandiro ecrane nenzvimbo dzekushanda: kunyangwe macrane edock akagadzikana, kusiyana kwenzvimbo yechikepe kunogona kukanganisa kona yekushanda, kunyanya mune mamwe mashandiro anoda kunyatsorongeka.
Kuchengetedzeka kwekufamba nechikepe kune chekuitawo nemafungu emvura. Mafungu emvura anofamba nemhepo ine simba kana yakaderera anogona kuwedzera matambudziko ekufamba nechikepe, kunyanya mumigero yakamanikana, nzvimbo dzinotenderera, kana zviteshi zvengarava zviri pamigero yerwizi. Mafungu akasimba anogona kukonzera kuti ngarava "dzimire" (dzisundire) munzira yakati, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekubonderana nezvivakwa zvechiteshi kana zvimwe zvikepe.
Hukama huripo pakati peMafungu neMatombo eMarara uye Kudiwa kweKucherwa kweMatombo
Mafungu emvura ane hukama hwakanyanya nekuchinja kwemvura. Munzvimbo zhinji dzegungwa, kunyanya dziri mumipata yegungwa kana pedyo nemiromo yerwizi, mafungu emvura anogona kutakura tsvina mumigero yegungwa nemabheseni. Mafungu emvura akakwira anogona kusundira zvinhu zvidiki mukati, nepo mafungu akaderera anogona kuidzosera kunze kana kuiisa munzvimbo dzakati, dzisina simba rakawanda.
Kuunganidzwa kwematope kunokonzera kudonha kwevhu, zvichireva kuti chiteshi chengarava chinogara chichicherwa. Kuongorora mafungu egungwa kunobatsira kuona kuti:
- Nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu inonyanya kutaurwa kuti inguvai uye kupi.
- Maitiro emvura inoyerera nemafungu emvura inoyerera murwizi nemafungu.
- Nzira inoshanda zvakanyanya yekuchera mvura kuti ichengetedze kudzika kwakachengeteka.
Kuchera matombo kwakarongwa zvakanaka kunoderedza mari yekushandisa uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, zvakaita semvura yakasvibira kana kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo dzekugara.
Nzira yekuongorora Tidal yePort Interests
Kuongororwa kweTidal kunowanzoitwa nematanho akati wandei:
1. Kutarisa uchishandisa gauge yemvura panguva yakatarwa kuti uwane ruzivo rwehuwandu hwemvura.
2. Kuongororwa kweHarmonic kupatsanura zvikamu zvikuru zvenguva nenguva zvemafungu (semuenzaniso M2, S2, K1, O1) uye kufanotaura mafungu emunguva yemberi.
3. Kuongororwa kwedatamu yakatwasuka yakaita seMSL (Mean Sea Level), LAT (Lowest Astronomical Tide), kana HAT (Highest Astronomical Tide) iyo inoshandiswa pakutarisa kudzika uye dhizaini.
4. Kubatanidzwa nezvidzidzo zvekufamba zvinosanganisira UKC, squat, uye safety tolerances.
5. Kutevedzera hydrodynamic muzviteshi zvakaoma kuti vaongorore mafungu emvura, madhaka uye kukanganiswa kwemafambiro engarava.
Mukushanda, mhedzisiro yekuongorora inoshandiswa kuunganidza "matafura egungwa rechiteshi", kuona mahwindo ekupinda nekubuda kwechikepe, uye kutsigira sarudzo dzekufamba nendege nekudhonza chikepe.
Nzira yekuderedza uye kugadzirisa mashandiro echiteshi
Kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti mabasa echiteshi chengarava anoramba achishanda zvakanaka pasinei nekusiyana kwemafungu emvura, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kushandiswa:
- Kutarisira mahwindo emvura inodonha kubva mugungwa: kuisa mitemo nehurongwa hwezvikepe zvikuru zvinodhonza mvura zvichibva pakufanotaura kwemafungu emvura.
– Kuchera mvura nenzira inochinjika: kutarisa panzvimbo dzakaoma dzejecha uye kugadzirisa huwandu hwemvura inochera mvura zvichienderana nemwaka uye mashandiro azvino.
- Kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa: kudzika kwemugero, kugadzirisa dhishi, kana kuvaka maburi emvura anoderedza kudonha kwevhu nemafungu.
- Sisitimu yeruzivo yenguva chaiyo: kuyera zvakananga huwandu hwemvura, mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze kuti zvibatsire kuita sarudzo.
– Maitiro ekuisa zvisungo zvakachengeteka: kushandisa winch yekusungira zvisungo uye kutarisa kusimba kwetambo kuitira kuti kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura kusave nenjodzi.
Nekuita uku, zviteshi zvengarava zvinogona kuderedza nguva yekumirira, kuwedzera kuchengetedzeka, uye kuchengetedza kufamba zvakanaka kwezvinhu.
Mhedziso
Kusiyana kwemvura ine simba guru pamabasa epachiteshi chengarava, kubva pakadzika kwenzira inoshanda, kuronga kufamba kwengarava, kuchengetedzeka kwekusvika pagungwa, kusvika pazvinodiwa zvekuisa mvura mugungwa uye kugadzira matombo. Machiteshi anotarisana nenzvimbo dzakakura dzemvura ine mvura kana mvura isina kudzika anofanira kutarisira mashandiro zvichibva pakuongorora kwakarurama kwemvura ine mvura ine mvura ine mvura. Kuburikidza nekutarisa kwakasimba kwedata, kufanotaura kwakavimbika, kubatanidzwa kwehurongwa hwekutarisira chiteshi, uye nzira dzakakodzera dzekuderedza njodzi, machiteshi anogona kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uku achichengetedza mitemo yekuchengetedza. Pakupedzisira, kuongorora mvura ine mvura ine mvura hakuna kungodiwa chete asiwo hwaro hwakakosha hwekukwikwidzana kwechiteshi muhurongwa hwekutakura zvinhu mugungwa huri kuramba huchichinja.
