Maitiro eMafungu emvura
Mafungu emvura anoitika panyika, anokonzerwa nekukweva kwemwedzi nezuva. Mafungu anoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwenyika, kusanganisira zvisikwa zvemugungwa nemabasa evanhu munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe. Kuti tinzwisise mashandiro emafungu emvura, zvakakosha kukurukura nezvefizikisi iri shure kwezviitiko izvi, basa regiravhiti remwedzi nezuva, uye kuti izvi zvinopesvedzera sei kugona kwemasayendisiti kufanotaura nekushandisa mafungu emvura.
Fizikisi Yekutanga yeMafungu
Mafungu egungwa anowanzo kukwira nekudzika kwehuwandu hwegungwa. Kukwira kwehuwandu hwegungwa kunonzi high tide, ukuwo kudonha kunonzi low tide. Nguva idzi dzinowanzoitika kaviri pazuva nekuda kwekukweva kwemwedzi nezuva. Simba rekukweva haringokweveri zvinhu zviri pamusoro peNyika chete asiwo rinokweva huwandu hwemvura, zvichikonzera shanduko muhuwandu hwegungwa.
Hwaro hwechitarisiko ichi hunosanganisira simba regiravhiti uye simba repakati penyika rinotenderera. Simba regiravhiti reMwedzi ndiro rinonyanya kukonzera kuwanda kwemafungu atinoona zuva nezuva. Nekuti Mwedzi uri pedyo neNyika kupfuura Zuva, simba rayo regiravhiti rine simba guru pamafungu, pasinei nehuremu hweZuva hwakakura.
Simba reGravity reMwedzi
Simba reMwedzi rinokwevera pasi zvakananga pamusoro peNyika. Nyika neMwedzi zvinotenderera zvakatenderedza nzvimbo yepakati pemvura, nzvimbo ine huremu nesimba renyika riri pakati pemiviri miviri. Kana Mwedzi uri pamusoro perutivi rumwe rweNyika, simba rayo rinokwevera pasi rinokwevera mvura iri kurutivi irworwo kwairi, zvichiita kuti pave nekukura kwemvura kunozivikanwa semafungu makuru. Panguva imwe chete, rutivi rweNyika rwakatarisana neMwedzi runosanganawo nekukura kwemvura kunokonzerwa nesimba repakati rinoshanda kurutivi irworwo.
Kazhinji, Mwedzi unokonzera mafungu maviri epamusoro uye mafungu maviri epasi zuva rega rega. Kutenderera uku kunozivikanwa semafungu ehafu-diurnal. Nguva iri pakati pemafungu maviri epamusoro kana mafungu maviri epasi inenge maawa gumi nemaviri nemaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu, zvichienderana nenguva yekufamba kweMwedzi.
Simba reGravity reZuva
Zuva rinokanganisawo mafungu emvura nenzira yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo simba raro riri diki pane remwedzi. Kana zuva, mwedzi, neNyika zvakarongeka—chiitiko chinoitika panguva yemwedzi wakazara nemwedzi mutsva—giravhiti razvo rinobatana kuti rigadzire mafungu akakwirira uye akaderera zvikuru anozivikanwa semafungu emvura emuchirimo.
Kusiyana neizvi, kana Mwedzi uri pakona chaiyo yeZuva kana tichienzanisa nePasi, simba rekukweva rezvinhu zviviri izvi rinoita zvinopesana uye rinoderedza kushanda kwazvo, zvichikonzera mafungu akaderera anozivikanwa semafungu emhepo. Maitiro aya anoitika anenge mavhiki maviri ega ega, rimwe panguva yechikamu chekutanga chemwedzi uye rimwe panguva yechikamu chechitatu chemwedzi.
Zvimwe Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Mafungu emvura
Kuwedzera pakukweva kwemwedzi nezuva, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopesvedzera kusiyana kwekukwirira nenguva yemafungu, kusanganisira chimiro chegungwa, mamiriro egungwa, mafungu emunzvimbo iyoyo, uye mhepo.
1. Chimiro chemahombekombe: Chimiro chenzvimbo dzemahombekombe nenzvimbo dzerwizi chinogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza kukwirira kwemvura. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai semakombe nemahombekombe, mvura inogona kukwira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudzikira kwenzvimbo.
2. Kudzika kwenzvimbo yegungwa: Kudzika uye chimiro chegungwa zvine basa guru mukugadzirisa maitiro emvura inoyerera. Mvura isina kudzika inogona kukurumidzisa kana kuderedza kupararira kwemafungu egungwa.
3. Mhepo Nemhepo Dzemunzvimbo: Mhepo nemhepo dziri pamusoro pegungwa zvinogona kukanganisa kupararira kwemvura uye kukonzera kusiyana kwekukwirira kwemvura. Mhepo ine simba inogona kukonzera madutu, ayo ari huwandu hwemvura hwakanyanya kukwira hunokonzerwa nemhepo ine simba uye shanduko mukumanikidzwa kwemhepo.
Kuyera Mafungu uye Nzira Dzekufanotaura
Kukosha kwekunzwisisa mashandiro emvura inoyerera negungwa kunomanikidza masayendisiti nevaongorori kuti vagadzire nzira dzekuyera nekufanotaura dzakanyatsojeka. Mazinga emvura anoyerwa achishandisa zvishandiso zvinonzi matide gauges, izvo zvinoramba zvichitarisa shanduko dzegungwa. Data kubva kumidziyo iyi rinozounganidzwa uye kuongororwa kuti rinzwisise maitiro emvura inoyerera negungwa panzvimbo chaiyo.
Masvomhu nemakombiyuta zvinoshandiswawo kufanotaura mafungu emvura zvichibva pane zvakaitika kare nezvimwe zvinhu zvepanyama. Mamodheru aya anofunga nezvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita senzvimbo yemwedzi nezuva, kutenderera kweNyika nekutenderera kwayo, uye simba rezvinhu zvemunharaunda zvakaita sechimiro chegungwa uye mamiriro egungwa.
Kukanganiswa Kwakaitwa Mafungu paHupenyu
Mafungu emvura ane zvakawanda zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu nemabasa avo munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:
1. Mararamiro egungwa: Mafungu egungwa ane basa guru mumararamiro egungwa nekukanganisa kupararira kwezvinovaka muviri, okisijeni, uye nzvimbo dzezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvegungwa. Nzvimbo dzegungwa dzinokanganiswa nemafungu egungwa dzine zvakawanda zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa.
2. Kubata Hove neKurima Hove: Ruzivo rwemafungu emvura rwakakosha kumaindasitiri ekubata hove nekurima hove. Vabati vehove vanoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuti vaone nguva dzakanakisa dzekubata hove nezvimwe zviitiko zvine chekuita nekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvemugungwa.
3. Kutakurwa Kwemvura: Mafungu emvura anokanganisa kufamba kwengarava uye kuchengetedzeka kwekutakura kwengarava. Zviteshi zvengarava nemigwagwa yekutakura zvinhu zvinofanirwa kufunga nezvemafungu emvura kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti ngarava dzinopinda nekubuda zvakachengeteka.
4. Kukukurwa kweMakungwa neKutarisirwa kweZvakatipoteredza: Kuwanda kwemafungu emvura kunokanganisawo mwero wekukukurwa kwemvura munzvimbo dziri mumahombekombe. Kunzwisisa zvakanaka maitiro emafungu emvura kunogona kubatsira kugadzira zvirongwa zvinobudirira zvekuchengetedza nharaunda kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa yekukukurwa kwemvura nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dziri mumahombekombe.
Mhedziso
Mafungu emvura anokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, chikuru chiri kudhonzwa nemhepo inokwevera mwedzi nezuva. Ruzivo rwemagadzirirwo emvura rwakakosha pamabasa akasiyana-siyana evanhu munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe, pamwe nekunzwisisa nekuchengetedza nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana dzegungwa. Nekufambira mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nenzira dzekutsvagisa, kunzwisisa kwedu mafungu emvura kuchawedzera, zvichitigonesa kushandisa, kuchengetedza, uye kutarisira zviwanikwa zvedu zvegungwa zviri nani.
