Sisitimu Yekudyara Madomasi Inoshanda Zvakanaka
Madomasi (Solanum lycopersicum) chirimwa chinozivikanwa zvikuru chekurima miriwo chine kukosha kukuru kwekutengeserana. Kuvapo kwawo muzvikafu zvakasiyana-siyana pasi rose kunoratidza kukosha kwawo. Nokudaro, nzira yekudyara inoshanda yakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti goho rakanaka, remhando yepamusoro, uye rinogara kwenguva refu. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa hwekudyara matomatisi hunoshanda, kubva pakusarudza mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye kugadzirira ivhu kusvika pakudyara matekiniki , kuchengetedza, uye kukohwa.
1. Kusarudzwa kweMhando dzakasiyana-siyana
Kusarudza mhando yedomasi idanho rekutanga rakakosha. Mhando dzakasiyana dzedomasi dzine hunhu hwakasiyana, hwakadai sekusabatwa nezvirwere, kunaka, ruvara, uye saizi yemichero. Sarudza mhando inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze emunharaunda yako nemamiriro evhu, pamwe nekudiwa kwemusika. Dzimwe mhando dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira Roma, Cherry, Beefsteak, neSan Marzano.
Mhando dzemhando yehybrid dzinowanzo sarudzwa nekuda kwekubereka kwadzo kwepamusoro uye kutsungirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Pakusarudza mhando , fungawo kana uchida kurima matomatisi akasarudzika (anokura zvishoma uye akakodzera nzvimbo shoma) kana kuti asingachinji (anokura kwenguva refu uye anoda rutsigiro).
2. Kugadzirira Ivhu
Ivhu rakanaka ndiro chinhu chikuru pakurima madomasi zvakanaka. Madomasi anokura zvakanaka muvhu rine pH iri pakati pe6.0 ne6.8. Saka, usati wadyara , ongorora ivhu kuti uone pH uye zvinovaka muviri zvirimo. Kana pH yevhu isiri yakanaka, wedzera dolomitic lime kuti ubvise acidity kana organic matter senge compost kuti uwedzere kukora kwevhu.
Pamusoro pezvo, iva nechokwadi chekuti ivhu rine mvura yakakwana kuti mvura isapinda. Madomasi anogona kubatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nemvura yakawanda. Rega nzvimbo yakakwana pakati pezvirimwa, kazhinji inenge 45-60 cm, kuti mhepo ifambe zvakanaka uye kuderedza njodzi yezvirwere.
3. Kudyara
Dyara zvakananga muvhu kana kushandisa nzira yekuchengeta mbeu. Kana ukasarudza nzira yekuchengeta mbeu, gadzirira mbeu mavhiki matanhatu kusvika masere mwaka wekudyara usati wasvika uchishandisa nzira yekukura isina utachiona kudzivirira zvirwere. Isa mbesa munzvimbo ine chiedza chezuva chakakwana uye chengetedza hunyoro hwenzvimbo yekukura.
Kana mbesa dzakura uye dzakura mashizha maviri kana matatu chaiwo, dzinenge dzagadzirira kuisirwa panzvimbo huru. Usati waisa mbesa, iva nechokwadi chekuti mbesa dzajaira mamiriro ekunze kuti dzisavhunduke uye dzikwanise kuchinjika nekukurumidza.
4. Maitiro Ekudiridza
Kudiridza nemazvo kunobatsira zvikuru pakurima madomasi. Kudiridza nemadonhwe inzira inoshanda zvikuru nekuti mvura inoendeswa zvakananga kumidzi yemuti, zvichideredza kurasikirwa nemvura kuburikidza nekupwanyika kwemvura uye zvichideredza njodzi yekupararira kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehunyoro hwakawanda.
Kana uchishandisa madiridziro ekudonhedza mvura, gadzirisa huwandu hwemvura uye nguva yekudyara kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nechirimwa uye mamiriro ekunze. Dzivisa kudiridza zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuora kwemidzi. Diridza kakawanda munguva yekusanaya kwemvura kupfuura munguva yekunaya kwemvura.
5. Kupa Zvinovaka Muviri
Kuisa fetereza yakakodzera uye yakaringana kwakakosha pakukura nekukura kwezvirimwa zvematomatisi. Shandisa fetereza yekutanga ine phosphorus (P) yakawanda usati wadyara kuti ukurudzire kukura kwemidzi. Manyowa kana manyowa zvinogona kuva manyuko akanaka ekudya kwezvirimwa zveorganic.
Kana zvirimwa zvatanga kukura, isai fetereza yekuwedzera muchimiro chenitrogen (N) kuti ikurumidzise kukura kwezvirimwa, uye potassium (K) kuti isimbise zvirimwa uye ivandudze kunaka kwemichero. Kupa zvinovaka muviri zvakaita semagnesium necalcium kwakakoshawo kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekuora kwemaruva.
6. Kudzora Zvipembenene neZvirwere
Zvipembenene nezvirwere matambudziko makuru mukurima madomasi. Zvipembenene zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira aphids, armyworms, uye fruit fruit nhunzi. Kuti uzvidzore, shandisa mishonga yezvipembenene yemiti kana yemakemikari sezvinodiwa. Kudzora zvipembenene zvechisikigo uchishandisa zvikara zvechisikigo kunogonawo kuva imwe nzira isingakuvadzi nharaunda.
Zvirwere zvakaita se late blight, Fusarium wilt, uye viral mosaic matambudziko akakomba anoda kutarisirwa. Kuchinjanisa zvirimwa, kusarudza mhando dzisingabatwi nezvirwere, uye kuchengetedza hutsanana hwakanaka hwezvirimwa zvinogona kuderedza njodzi yekupararira kwezvirwere. Uyewo, iva nechokwadi chekutarisa zvirimwa nguva nenguva kuti zvionekwe nekukurumidza uye kurapwa nekukurumidza.
7. Kuchekerera nekutsigira
Kuchekerera kwakakosha kudzivirira kukura zvakanyanya uye kuvandudza kufamba kwemhepo. Kuchekerera kunosanganisira kubvisa matavi akatsauka (masvutugadzike) anokura pakati pemashizha nehunde huru. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti chirimwa chitarise pakubereka michero.
Rutsigiro runodiwawo, kunyanya kune mhando dzisingazivikanwe. Shandisa zvimiti, waya, kana mambure kuti ubatisise chirimwa chakamira. Izvi zvinodzivirira muchero kuti usabata ivhu, zvichideredza njodzi yekutapukirwa nezvirwere uye kukuvara kwemichero.
8. Kukohwa uye Mushure mekukohwa
Kukohwa kunoitwa kana muchero wasvika pakuibva kwakakwana. Izvi zvinoratidzwa neruvara rwakaenzana uye kunyorova zvishoma. Nguva dzekukohwa dzinosiyana zvikuru, zvichienderana nerudzi uye mamiriro ekunze.
Mushure mekukohwa, sarudza michero kuti iparadzanise michero yemhando yepamusoro kubva kune yakakuvara kana ine chirwere. Kuchengetedza kwakakodzera kwakakoshawo kuti michero igare kwenguva refu. Chengeta michero munzvimbo inotonhorera (inenge 12-15°C) uye usavheneke zuva zvakananga.
Mhedziso
Kurima madomasi nemazvo kunoda kutariswa pane zvese, kubva pakusarudza mhando dzemadomasi kusvika pakukohwa. Sisitimu yakanaka yekudyara inovandudza goho kwete muhuwandu chete asiwo mumhando. Zvinotarisirwa kuti nekushandisa nzira dzakakodzera, varimi vanogona kuwedzera goho uye kugara kwenguva refu mukurima madomasi. Kushanda nemazvo ndiko kwakakosha pakuita kurima kunokwikwidzana uye kusina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza.
