Kurimwa kweDurian
Durian inozivikanwa se "mambo wemichero" nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwayo kwakasiyana uye kuravira, pamwe nekukosha kwayo kwehupfumi. Kudiwa kwedurian kunowanzo gadzikana, kutowedzera, pamwe nekukura kwemusika wemichero mitsva uye agrotourism. Nokudaro, kurima durian kunopa mukana unoyevedza kune varimi nevanofarira zvekurima vari kutsvaga kugadzira minda inobereka. Zvisinei, durian haisi chirimwa chinogona kungodyarwa chete. Inoda kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kutarisirwa kwevhu, kuberekesa, uye kugara uchigadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti miti inobereka michero nekukurumidza, inobereka, uye inobereka michero yemhando yepamusoro.
1. Kunzwisisa Zvinodiwa paKurima Durian
Usati wadyara durian, zvakakosha kunzwisisa mamiriro ayo ekukura. Zvirimwa zveDurian zvinowanzokura munzvimbo dzinopisa dzine mvura yakawanda, inosvika 1.500–2.500 mm pagore, uye hunyoro hwakanyanya. Tembiricha dzakanaka dzinotangira pa24–30°C. Durian inogona kukura munzvimbo dzakaderera kusvika pakati pekukwirira, inosvika 0–800 metres pamusoro pegungwa, zvichienderana nerudzi rwayo. Mamwe marudzi eDurian akanaka anogona kutokwanisa kuchinjika kusvika pakukwirira kusvika 1.000 metres pamusoro pegungwa, asi kubereka kwakanyanya kunowanzo kuve pakati pekukwirira.
Ivhu rakakodzera durian rakasununguka, rakaorera, rakapfuma muzvinhu zvipenyu, uye rinobuda mvura zvakanaka. pH yakakodzera ivhu iri pakati pe5,5 ne6,5. Durian haifariri mvura yakamira, sezvo midzi ichiora nyore nyore, asi haigonewo kushivirira kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu. Saka, bindu durian rinofanira kunge riine nzira yekudhonza mvura uye nzvimbo yekudiridza munguva yekusanaya kwemvura.
2. Kusarudzwa kweMbeu dzemhando yepamusoro
Kubudirira kwekurima durian kunokonzerwa zvikuru nerudzi rwembeu uye mhando yadzo. Parizvino, mhando dzakawanda dzemhando yepamusoro dzakakurumbira pamusika, dzakadai seMusang King, Montong, Bawor, Petruk, neKane, pamwe chete nemhando dzemhando yepamusoro dzemuno. Sarudzo yemhando yepamusoro inofanira kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze, kukwirira, hunhu hwevhu, uye kudiwa kwemusika munharaunda yako.
Kuti ukurumidze kubereka uye uwane hunhu hwakafanana nehwechibereko, shandisa mbeu dzinobva mukubereka mbeu, dzakadai sekusanganisa mbeu, kutumbuka, kana kutumbuka. Kunyange zvazvo kuberekesa mbeu kubva mumbeu kuchidhura uye kuine midzi yakasimba, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti ibereke michero uye hunhu hwemichero hahuwanzoenderana. Mbeu dzakanaka dzine madzinde akasimba, mashizha matsva egirini, hadzina zvipembenene nezvirwere, uye dzine midzi ine hutano. Ita shuwa kuti mbeu dzinobva kumubereki ane mukurumbira.
3. Kugadzirira Ivhu Nekudyara
Kugadzirira ivhu kunotanga nekubvisa masora, makwenzi, nezvimwe zvakasara zvemiti. Mushure mezvo, rimai ivhu sezvinodiwa uye gadzirai nzira dzekudhonza mvura kudzivirira mvura kubva mukubatana. Kudyara Durian kunodawo kunyatsotarisa nzvimbo dzakatarwa. Kune minda mikuru, nzvimbo dzakajairika dzinotangira pamamita 8 x 8 kusvika pamamita 10 x 10, zvichienderana nerudzi uye kuorera kwevhu. Nzvimbo yakakwana inoderedza kukwikwidzana kwezvinovaka muviri uye inoita kuti kuchengetedza kuve nyore.
Gomba rekudyara rinofanira kunge riri 60 x 60 x 60 cm, kana kuti rakakura kana ivhu rakamanikana. Bvisa ivhu repamusoro rakacherwa kubva pasi pevhu. Sanganisa ivhu repamusoro nendove yakakura (semuenzaniso, 10–20 kg pagomba) uye manyowa, pamwe nekuwedzera dolomite kana pH yevhu iri yakawanda acid. Mushure mekuzadza gomba, rega rigare kwevhiki imwe kusvika mbiri kuti midzi igadzirisike uye kuderedza njodzi yekutsva kwemidzi kubva kufetereza.
Kudyara kunofanira kuitwa pakutanga kwemwaka wemvura kuti mbesa dzisashaye mvura. Bvarura bhegi repurasitiki nokungwarira usingakuvadzi midzi, wobva waisa mbesa mugomba rekudyara. Usadyara mutsipa wemidzi zvakanyanya. Simbisa ivhu zvinyoro nyoro wogadzira murwi mudiki kudzivirira mvura kuti isayerera. Mushure mezvo, diridza woisa danda rekudzivirira mbesa kuti dzisaputsirwe nemhepo.
4. Kutarisira: Kudiridza, Kuisa Fetiraiza, uye Kubvisa Sora
Kutarisira kwekutanga kwakakosha pakukura kwemiti yemuchiri. Kudiridza kwakakosha, kunyanya munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Mbeu diki dzinowanzoda kudiridza kaviri kusvika katatu pasvondo, zvichienderana nemamiriro evhu. Kune minda mikuru, varidzi vanogona kufunga nezvekudiridza nemadonhwe emvura kuti vabudirire zvakanyanya.
Kuisa fetereza kunoitwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvichienderana nezera remuti. Munguva yekumera, fetereza inofanira kunangidzirwa pakukura kwehunde, mashizha, uye midzi. Fetereza dzeorganic dzakadai semanyowa kana manyowa dzinofanira kuiswa nguva dzose kuti ivandudze chimiro chevhu. Fetereza dzisina organic (dzakadai seNPK) dzinogona kuiswa muhuwandu hwakareruka asi hwakajairwa. Fetereza inoiswa mudenderedzwa pasi pedenga remuti (munzvimbo yemidzi), yozofukidzwa nevhu kudzivirira kupwa kwemvura. Sezvo chirimwa chichikura, huwandu hwefetereza hunowedzerwa.
Kubvisa masora kwakakosha nekuti masora anokwikwidzana nemvura nekudya. Nzvimbo yakatenderedza dzinde inofanira kucheneswa, asi dzivisa kuchera zvakadzika kuti usakuvadza midzi. Uyezve, kushandisa mulch yeorganic senge uswa kana uswa hwakaoma kunogona kubatsira kudzvinyirira masora uye kuchengetedza hunyoro hwevhu.
5. Kuchekerera uye Kuumba Korona
Kuchekerera kunovavarira kugadzira korona yakaenzana, kusimbisa matavi, uye kunatsiridza kutenderera kwemhepo uye kupinda kwechiedza. Chirimwa chichiri chidiki, chekerera matavi anokura akaderera zvakanyanya, matavi anoyambukana, uye mabukira emvura asingabereki. Korona yakagadzirwa zvakanaka ichaita kuti chigadzirwe uye kukohwewa zvive nyore kana chirimwa chacho chakakura.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuchekerera kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere zvinosimudzira hunyoro. Zvisinei, kuchekerera kunofanira kuitwa nezvishandiso zvakachena, zvakapinza kuti maronda anyatsonaka uye anokurumidza kuporesa. Kuchekerera maronda kunogona kurapwa nefungicide kana kudzivirira maronda emiti kana zvichidikanwa.
6. Kudzora Zvipembenene neZvirwere
Zvirimwa zveDurian zvinobatwa nezvipembenene nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvipembenene zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira stem borers, makonye, aphids, uye leafhoppers. Zvirwere zvinowanzoonekwa zvinosanganisira kuora kwemidzi uye kuora kwebasal stem (zvinowanzobatanidzwa nefungus Phytophthora), mavanga emashizha, uye stem canker. Kudzivirira kwakakosha: kuchengetedza bindu rakanyorova, kunatsiridza kuyerera kwemvura, kubvisa sora, uye kushandisa mbesa dzine hutano.
Kana zviratidzo zvehutachiona zvikaonekwa, tanga wazviwana kuti uve nechokwadi chekuzvidzora kwakakodzera. Matanho ekudzora anogona kusanganisira kucheneswa kwebindu, kuchekerera nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa, kushandisa misungo, uye kuisa mishonga yezvipembenene yemiti kana yemakemikari pamatanho anokurudzirwa. Kutenderera nekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene nokungwarira kwakakosha kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona uye kuona kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza.
7. Kutumbuka, Kubereka, uye Kukohwa
Miti yedurian yakasunganidzwa kana yakasunganidzwa inogona kutanga kutumbuka pazera remakore 3-5, zvichienderana nerudzi rwayo uye kutarisirwa kwayo. Kuti isaremedze chirimwa chidiki zvakanyanya, maruva ekutanga kana muchero unowanzo kurudzirwa. Kana chirimwa chasimba zvakakwana, kutumbuka uye kubereka michero kunogona kutarisirwa nekudyara kwakakodzera, kunyanya nepotassium (K) nephosphorus (P) kutsigira kuumbwa kwemaruva nemichero.
Muchero weDurian unokohwewa kana waibva zvakanaka. Zviratidzo zveizvi zvinosanganisira kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya, ruzha "rwakazara" zvishoma kana wabatwa, uye mamwe marudzi anoratidza shanduko muruvara rweganda. Muminda yemichero yekutengeserana, kukohwewa kunowanzoitwa nekumirira kuti muchero udonhe zvakasikwa, asi kuderedza kukuvara, muchero unogona kusungwa kana kukohwewa nezvishandiso zvakakosha usati wadonha. Muchero ukabatwa zvakanaka uchava wemhando yepamusoro uye unogara kwenguva refu.
8. Mikana yeBhizinesi uye Mazano eKubudirira
Kurima durian hakusi kungorimwa michero chete; kunopawo mikana kumabhizinesi emichero, akadai sekutengesa mbeu dzemhando yepamusoro, kushanya kwezvirimwa zvedurian, uye kunyange zvigadzirwa zvedurian (dodol, lempok, pancakes, uye ice cream). Kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti zvinogara kwenguva refu, varimi vanofanirwa kunyora mitengo yekugadzira, nguva dzefetereza, uye mhedzisiro yekukohwa kuti vaongorore.
Mazano ekubudirira kurima durian anosanganisira kusarudza mbeu dzakasimbiswa, dzakanaka, kudyara muvhu rakanyoroveswa nemvura, kushandisa fetereza yeorganic nguva dzose, kuchekerera miti nguva dzose, uye kudzora zvipembenene nezvirwere nekukurumidza. Nekutarisirwa nguva dzose uye kutarisira zvakanaka minda yemichero, durian inogona kuva chinhu chinobatsira uku ichitsigira kuenderera mberi kwekurima kwenzvimbo dzinopisa.
Kurimwa kwemiti yeDurian kunoda mwoyo murefu, asi mibairo yacho inokosha. Miti inotarisirwa zvakanaka inogona kubereka kwemakumi emakore uye kuva chinhu chinobatsira varidzi vayo kwenguva refu. Nekunzwisisa matekiniki ekutanga, kuchinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu emunzvimbo iyoyo, uye kugara uchidzidza kubva pane zvakaitika, chero munhu anogona kuvaka munda wemichero yeDurian une zvibereko uye wemhando yepamusoro.
