Kupatsanurwa kweMichero yeMichero
Michero ndeimwe yemiti inonyanya kusanganiswa nehupenyu hwevanhu. Michero haisi chete sosi yakakosha yemavhitamini, zvicherwa, faibha, uye ma antioxidants, asiwo chinhu chakakosha chehupfumi. Kunze kwekusiyana kwemaumbirwo, manakiro, mavara, uye maitiro ekukura, michero yemichero inogona kunzwisiswa kuburikidza nemasisitimu akasiyana-siyana ekupatsanura. Kupatsanura kunotibatsira kuona kufanana uye kusiyana pakati pemiti, kunzwisisa zvinodiwa pakurima, uye kuita kuti tsvakurudzo, kutengeserana, uye kuchengetedza ibudirire. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura kupatsanura michero yemichero kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana: taxonomy (yesainzi), mhando dzemichero yemiti, maitiro ekukura, mamiriro ekunze, uye nzira dzekupararira.
1. Kupatsanura Michero yeMichero Zvichienderana neTaxonomy (Sainzi yeKupatsanura)
Taxonomy inzira yekupatsanura zvinhu zvipenyu zvichibva pahukama. Mu taxonomy, zvirimwa zvinounganidzwa kubva pahuwandu hwakakura (umambo) kusvika pahuwandu hwakatarwa (marudzi). Michero inowanzobatanidzwa muKingdom Plantae, asi inopararira mumhuri dzakasiyana-siyana (madzinza).
Mimwe mienzaniso yemhuri dzinokosha dzinobereka michero inosanganisira:
– Rutaceae: boka remichero yecitrus yakaita semaranjisi anotapira (Citrus sinensis), marimu (Citrus aurantiifolia), uye marimu (Citrus limon).
- Anacardiaceae: mango (Mangifera indica), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), uye ambarella (Spondias dulcis).
– Myrtaceae: magwava (Psidium guajava), apuro remvura (Syzygium aqueum), uye clove (kunyange zvazvo zvisiri muchero wekudya, zvichiri mumhuri imwe chete).
– Musaceae: mabhanana (Musa spp.).
– Caricaceae: papaya (Carica papaya).
– Moraceae: jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), uye fig (Ficus carica).
Sapindaceae: rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) uye lychee (Litchi chinensis).
– Solanaceae: madomasi (Solanum lycopersicum) uye eggplant (michero yemiti, kunyange zvazvo inowanzoonekwa semuriwo).
Maitiro ekugadzira zvirimwa mumhuri imwe chete akakosha nekuti zvirimwa zviri mumhuri imwe chete zvinowanzova nechimiro chakafanana, kushivirira zvipembenene nezvirwere, uye zvinodiwa nenharaunda. Semuenzaniso, zvirimwa zvakawanda mumhuri yeRutaceae zvinowanzobatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana uye zvine hwema hwakasiyana mumashizha azvo kana ganda remichero nekuda kwehuwandu hwemafuta azvo.
2. Kupatsanurwa Zvichienderana Nerudzi rweMichero (Botany)
Mumiti, muchero unotsanangurwa senhengo inokura kubva muchizvaro cheruva mushure mekusangana kwembeu. Zvichienderana nemaumbirwo awo, michero yakakamurwa kuita mhando huru dzakasiyana-siyana. Kupatsanurwa uku kunowanzo tsanangura kusiyana kukuru kwemaumbirwo uye chimiro chemichero.
a. Muchero Wechokwadi
Michero yechokwadi inoumbwa kubva muchibereko chechibereko chete. Semuenzaniso:
- Mango
- Madomasi
- Orenji
b. Muchero Wenhema
Michero yenhema inoumbwa kwete kubva muchibereko chete, asiwo kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemaruva, dzakadai sepasi peruva (receptacle). Semuenzaniso:
– Maapuro nemapeya (chikamu chinodyiwa chinowanzobva pasi peruva)
– Strawberry (chikamu chitsvuku chinobva mumudziyo, nepo "mbeu" dziri pamusoro dziri michero midiki)
c. Muchero Mumwe, Michero Miviri, uye Michero Yakasanganiswa
– Muchero mumwe chete: unobva paruva rimwe chete rine ovary imwe chete. Mienzaniso: mango, avocado.
– Muchero weAggregate: unobva paruva rimwe chete rine maovari akasiyana. Mienzaniso: soursop necustard apple (Annona group).
– Michero yakawanda: inobva mumaruva akawanda ari muruva rimwe chete. Mienzaniso: chinanazi, jackfruit.
d. Michero Yakavakirwa Pakuumbwa: Ine Nyama Uye Yakaoma
– Michero ine nyama: ine mvura yakawanda uye inowanzodyiwa iri mitsva. Mienzaniso: nwiwa, papaya, mazambiringa.
– Michero yakaoma: madziro emuchero anooma paanoibva. Mienzaniso inosanganisira dzimwe nzungu (kunyange zvazvo dzichiwanzoiswa muchikamu chechikafu, muzviyo michero).
Kupatsanurwa uku kwezvirimwa kunobatsira pakunzwisisa maitiro ekuibva, nzira dzekuchengetera, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa mushure mekukohwa.
3. Kurongwa Kwakavakirwa Patsika kana Maitiro Ekukura
Michero inogonawo kuiswa mumapoka zvichienderana nekukura kwayo uye chimiro chedzinde. Kupatsanurwa uku kwakakosha pakuronga bindu, kupatsanurana kwezvirimwa, uye nzira dzekuchekerera.
a. Michero yeMuti
Zvirimwa zvikuru, zvine dzinde rakaomarara, zvinogara kwenguva refu. Semuenzaniso:
- Mango
- Durian
– Rambutan
– Avokadho
b. Michero yeChimiro cheMugwenzi (Makwenzi)
Diki muhukuru ine matavi akawanda kubva pachigadziko. Muenzaniso:
– Blueberry (munzvimbo dzinopisa)
– Mulberry (rinogona kuva gwenzi kana muti mudiki zvichienderana nekugadziriswa kwaro)
c. Mizambiringa/Vanokwira Minda
Inokura nekukwira nematanda emiti. Muenzaniso:
- Waini
- Muchero wePassion
– Manwiwa nemanwiwa (anokwira pasi, asi ari muboka rezvinokambaira)
d. Michero yeMichero yeHerbaceous
Hunde yacho haina huni, yakapfava zvishoma. Muenzaniso:
– Bhanana (dzinde rekunyepedzera)
– Papaya (kunyangwe ichitaridzika semuti, hunde yacho haisi danda rakaoma semuti chaiwo)
Nekunzwisisa tsika iyi, varimi vanogona kuziva nzira yekutsigira mazambiringa (trellis), kusarudza nzvimbo yakakura yekudyara durian, kana kugadzirisa simba rekuchekerera mazambiringa.
4. Kupatsanura Zvichienderana Nemamiriro Ekunze Uye Kukwira
Chirimwa chega chega chemichero chine zvinodiwa pakupisa, mvura inonaya, uye chiedza chakawanda. Nokudaro, kupatsanura mamiriro ekunze kunobatsira kuona kuti ndeapi miriwo yakakodzera nzvimbo yakati.
a. Michero yemunzvimbo dzinopisa
Inokura zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze anodziya gore rose uye haidi nguva yechando. Mienzaniso:
- Banana, mango, papaya, pineapple, durian, rambutan.
b. Michero yemunzvimbo dzinopisa
Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinoda nguva yekutonhora kuti zvibude maruva uye zvibereke zvakanaka. Mienzaniso:
– Maapuro, mapeya, mapichisi, macherries.
c. Michero yeLowland neHighland
– Maodzanyemba: nwiwa, waini, bhanana, mango.
– Nzvimbo dzakakwirira: mastrawberry, maapuro (munzvimbo dzakati wandei), matangerine emunzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Kupatsanura uku kwakakosha kumapurogiramu ekusimudzira kurima kwezvirimwa munharaunda. Kurima maapuro munzvimbo dzakaderera dzinopisa, semuenzaniso, kunowanzo guma negoho risina kunaka nekuti zvinodiwa pakupisa kwakaderera hazvizadziswe.
5. Kupatsanura Zvichienderana Nenzira Yekuparadzira
Nzira dzekubereka nadzo dzinokanganisa kufanana kwezvirimwa, kukurumidza kubereka michero, uye kuramba zvirwere.
a. Kubereka Kwembeu (kubva kuMbeu)
Zvirimwa zvinorimwa kubva kumbeu. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zviri nyore uye zvisingadhuri, zvinogona kuva nehunhu hwakasiyana uye zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti zvibereke michero. Mienzaniso yezvirimwa zvinowanzorimwa kubva kumbeu inosanganisira:
- Pawpaw
– Manwiwa nemanwiwa (zvinowanzobva mumbeu dzekurima)
b. Kupararira kweMiriwo (Clonal)
Inogadzira zvirimwa zvakafanana nemuti mukuru uye zvinowanzobereka michero nekukurumidza. Matekiniki anosanganisira:
– Kubatanidza: pamaapuro emvura, mamwe mango.
– Zvidimbu: pamazambiringa nemimwe michero.
– Kubatanidza uye kutumbuka: pamichero yecitrus, mango, avocado.
– Kukura kwezvinyama: mumabhanana, kugadzira mbesa dzisina zvirwere.
Kupatsanura mbeu zvichibva pakupararira kwayo kunobatsira pakusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera yembeu, kunyanya pakurima kwakakura.
6. Kurongwa Kwakavakirwa Pakushandiswa uye Nzira Yekushandisa
Kunyangwe zvisiri zvekungopa ruzivo rwesainzi chete, kuisa mapoka mumapoka zvichibva pakushandiswa kunobatsira zvikuru muzvikamu zvekudya nemaindasitiri.
– Michero mitsva yekudya: mango, papaya, waini, mazambiringa.
– Michero yemuto/zvinwiwa: orenji, chinanazi, gwaava.
– Michero yekugadzirisa: mabhanana (machipisi), jackfruit (michero ine makeke), maapuro (jamu).
– Zvinonhuwira kana michero inonhuhwirira: remoni (ganda), mhando dzakasiyana dzecitrus dzekunhuhwirira uye mafuta anokosha.
Kuronga uku kunobatsira kuona mwero wemhando yepamusoro, nzira dzekukohwa, uye nzira dzekugovera.
Mhedziso
Kupatsanura michero kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakupatsanura michero yemiti, mhando dzemichero yemiti, maitiro ekukura, zvinodiwa pamamiriro ekunze, kusvika pakuparadzira nekushandisa. Hapana kupatsanura kumwe chete "kwakarurama" kwezvinangwa zvese; chimwe nechimwe chinoshandiswa zvichienderana nechinangwa chacho. Kune varimi, kupatsanura zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze nenzvimbo dzekugara kunobatsira zvikuru pakurima. Kune vaongorori, kupatsanura michero nemarudzi emichero kunobatsira kunzwisisa hukama uye hunhu hwezvipenyu. Kune indasitiri yechikafu, kupatsanura zvichienderana nekushandiswa kunoita kuti kugadziriswa nekushambadzira kuve nyore. Nekunzwisisa kupatsanura zvakakwana, tinogona kutarisira zvirimwa zvemichero zvakanyatsonaka, zvine zvibereko, uye zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nebasa rechikoro (nenzira yekutanga-yekukurukurirana-yekugumisa), kana kuwedzera tafura yekupatsanura ine mienzaniso yemhando dzinowanikwa muIndonesia.
