Kurima Kwemazuva Ano Kwezvirimwa zveLongan
Kurimwa kweLongan (Dimocarpus longan) kuri kuwedzera kukwezva nekuda kwekudiwa kwakagadzikana kwemusika, mitengo yakanaka, uye kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yekurima iyo inobvumira kurimwa kwakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo malongan aimbobatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzakakwirira nemwaka chaiyo, pfungwa dzekurima malongan dzemazuva ano dziri kubuda: kushandisa mhando dzinochinjika, nzira dzekuchekerera dzakayerwa, kufefetedza kwakavakirwa pakuongorora, kutarisira maruva, kudiridza kwemadonhwe, uye kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvebindu. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura matanho akakosha ekuita kuti kurimwa kwelongan kuve nezvibereko zvakawanda, kwakafanana, uye kubatsire.
1. Nzwisisa Hunhu hweMiti uye Mikana yeMusika
Longan chirimwa chemichero chinogara kwenguva refu chinogona kubereka kwemakore kana chikatarisirwa zvakanaka. Zvakanakira zvacho zviri mukunaka kwacho kunotapira, kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana, uye kukwezva kwakasimba mumusika mutsva. Munzira dzekurima dzemazuva ano, chinangwa hachisi chekungova nechirimwa chinoramba chiripo, chinobereka michero, asi kugadzirwa kwakarongwa: saizi yemichero yakafanana, kukohwa panguva, mhando yepamusoro, uye kurasikirwa kushoma kwegoho. Mikana yemusika inosanganisira kutengeswa kwemichero mitsva, kupihwa kuvatengesi nemisika yechinyakare, uye kunyange zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa senge longan yemumagaba, sirapu, nezvinwiwa.
2. Kusarudzwa kweMbeu dzemhando yepamusoro neMbeu dzemhando yepamusoro
Chinhu chikuru chekurima kwemazuva ano chinotanga nemarudzi nembeu. Mhando dzemhando dzeLongan dzinozivikanwa muIndonesia dzinosanganisira Itoh, Diamond River, Kristalin, Pingpong, nedzimwe mhando dzemhando dzepasi dziri kuramba dzichigadzirwa. Sarudzo yemhando dzemhando dzinofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana ne:
- Nzvimbo yakakwirira uye mamiriro ekunze emunharaunda
- Chinangwa chemusika (michero mikuru yemhando yepamusoro, kana inotapira zvikuru kune mamwe mapoka)
- Zvinodiwa pakutarisira uye mhinduro kune zvinokurudzira maruva
- Kusabatwa nezvipembenene/zvirwere uye kugadziriswa kwezvakatipoteredza
Sarudza mbeu kubva munzira dzekubereka nadzo sedzinomera dzakadai sekuisa mbeu muminda, kumera, kana kumera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mbeu dzacho dzinokura zvakanaka, dzakasimba, uye dzinobereka nekukurumidza. Hunhu hwembeu dzine hutano hunosanganisira madzinde akasimba, mashizha matsva egirini, asina mavanga ezvirwere, midzi isinganyanyi kutenderera, uye kwadzinobva kwakajeka.
3. Kugadzirira Ivhu uye Masisitimu Ekudyara Emazuva Ano
Kurima kwemazuva ano kunosimbisa kushanda zvakanaka kwevhu uye nyore kurigadzirisa. Matanho ekugadzirira ivhu anosanganisira kubvisa vhu, kuyera pH, uye kuvandudza chimiro chevhu. MaLongan anokura zvakanaka muvhu rakasununguka, rine organic rine pH inosvika 5,5–6,5 uye mvura inoyerera zvakanaka.
Kureba kwekudyara uye kurongeka kwebindu
Nharaunda dzekudyara dzinotangira pa6 x 6 m kusvika 8 x 8 m, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemiti uye nzira yekuchekerera miti. Kune minda yakasimba, nzvimbo dziri pedyo dzinogona kushandiswa, chero bedzi kuchekerera miti nguva dzose kuchidikanwa kudzivirira kupindana kwematanda. Kurima minda yemazuva ano kunofungawo nezvenzira dzekupinda nadzo, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera manyowa, nzvimbo dzekudiridza, uye nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzekupfapfaidza miti.
Makomba ekudyara nemidziyo yekudyara
Chera gomba rekudyara (semuenzaniso, 60 x 60 x 60 cm), sanganisa ivhu repamusoro nevhu remupfudze/manyowa akura uye ivhu rakagadziriswa, kana zvichidikanwa. Rega rigare kwemazuva mashoma kuti magasi ane chepfu aparare uye kubvumira tupukanana twevhu kuti tigadzikane usati wadyara.
4. Kudiridza neKutarisira Mvura
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha pakurima kwemazuva ano kushandisa madhiri kana ma micro-sprinkler. Iyi nzira inochengetedza mvura, inochengetedza hunyoro hwakagadzikana, uye yakakodzera kuberekesa nemvura (fertigation). MaLongan haafariri kuzara kwemvura, asi kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu hakuna kunakawo. Kutarisira mvura zvakanaka kunokurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa, kuumbwa kwemaruva, uye michero.
Munguva yekusanaya kwemvura, kudiridza nguva dzose kunodzivirira zvirimwa kuti zvisanyanya kunetseka. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva, kutarisira mvura kunogonawo kushandiswa kubatsira kuunza maruva pamwe chete (zvichienderana nerudzi rwemuti uye nzira inoshandiswa nemurimi).
5. Kuisa Fetiraiza Yakavakirwa Pazvinodiwa (Kuisa Fetiraiza Yakarurama)
Kuisa fetereza yemazuva ano hakusi kungoitwa "kwenguva dzose," asi kunobva pakukura kwevhu nemamiriro evhu. Zvakanaka, kuyedzwa kwevhu uye kuwedzera zvinhu zvipenyu nguva dzose zvinodiwa. Kazhinji, zvinodiwa nekudya kweLongan zvinosanganisira:
– Nitrogen (N) yekukura kwemashizha nemashizha
– Phosphorus (P) yemidzi nemaruva
– Potassium (K) yemhando yepamusoro, kuravira, uye kuramba michero
– Calcium, Magnesium, uye microelements (B, Zn, Fe, Mn) kuti muviri ugare wakaenzana
Nzira inowanzoshandiswa: kupfekedza zvirimwa nemiriwo nemiriwo zvisina organic + kupfekedza zvirimwa zvisina organic muzvikamu zvakayerwa. Muminda yemazuva ano, kupfekedza zvirimwa nemiriwo kunogona kukamurwa kuita mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana ekushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza kurasikirwa nekubuda kwevhu.
6. Kuchekerera uye Kuumba Korona
Kuchekerera ndiyo nzira inonyanya kukosha mushure mekusarudza mhodzi. Chinangwa chayo ndechekugadzira denga rakanaka, kuvandudza kutenderera kwemhepo, kuwedzera chiedza, uye kuita kuti chirimwa chive nyore kutarisira. Kuchekerera kunoitwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana:
1. Kuchekerera chimiro chezvirimwa zvidiki kuti chigadziko chebazi chive chakasimba.
2. Kuchekerera matanda zvakanaka kubvisa matavi ane chirwere, matavi akabatana, uye maruva ane mvura.
3. Kuchekerera matanda mushure mekukohwa kuti akurudzire kukura kwemashizha matsva ayo anozova matavi anogona kubereka.
Mumaitiro emazuva ano, kureba kwemiti kunowanzo chengetwa kwakaderera kuitira kuti kukohwa nekupfapfaidza zvive nyore, zvichideredza mari yevashandi.
7. Mutemo weKutumbuka neKubereka
Chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti longan ive "yemazuva ano" kugona kwevarimi kudzora nguva yekutumbuka nekukohwa kuitira kuti vasavimbe nemwaka chete. Nzira dzekugadzirisa maruva dzinosanganisira musanganiswa we:
- Kutarisira mvura nezvinovaka muviri
- Kuchekerera nguva nenguva
– Kushandisa zvinokurudzira maruva pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu (pasi pekutarisirwa uye zvichienderana nemitemo)
Chinangwa ndechekugadzira goho nguva dzose uye kugona kukohwa panguva dzemitengo yakanaka. Zvisinei, nguva yekutumbuka inofanira kutarisirwa zvakanaka kudzivirira kuneta kwezvirimwa. Nheyo ndeyekuti zvirimwa zvinofanira kunge zvakakura zvakakwana, zvine hutano, zvine korona dzakakura, uye zvine zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana zvisati zvakurudzirwa kutumbuka.
8. Kutarisirwa Kwakabatana Kwezvipembenene Nezvirwere (IPM)
Kurima kwemazuva ano kunonyanya kusimbisa Kutarisirwa Kwezvipembenene Zvakasanganiswa: kudzivirira, kutarisa, uye matanho akanangana nawo. Zvimwe zvipembenene zvakajairika zvinosanganisira aphids, makonye, nhunzi dzemichero, uye zvirwere zvefungus zvemashizha nemichero. Nzira huru ndeidzi:
– Kuchenesa zvirimwa mubindu (bvisa michero yakaora, chekerera zvikamu zvine chirwere)
- Kutarisa nguva dzose uchishandisa zvinyorwa zvekucherechedza
– Kushandisa misungo (semuenzaniso kune zvimwe zvipembenene)
– Kusarudza mushonga wezvipembenene kana huwandu hwevanhu hwakapfuura mwero wekutonga
- Kutenderedza zvinhu zvinoshanda kudzivirira kusawirirana
Minda yakacheneswa, isina hunyoro hwakanyanya, uye ine denga risina kukora zvakanyanya inowanzo dzivirira zvirwere zvakanyanya.
9. Kuderedza Michero uye Kuvandudza Hunhu Hwayo
Kuti muwane michero yepamusoro, kutetepa kunowanzodiwa, kunyanya kana masango acho akanyanya kuwanda. Kutetepa kunobatsira kukura kwemichero kwakafanana, kunoderedza njodzi yekupatsanuka kwemichero kana kudzikira kwemhando, uye kunobatsira kudzivirira kuremedza chirimwa zvakanyanya. Uyezve, potassium necalcium fertilizer yakakodzera uye kutarisira mvura zvichavandudza kutapira, ukobvu hwenyama, uye nguva yekuzorora kwemichero.
10. Kurekodha Kukohwa, Mushure meKukohwa, uye Kudyara Minda
Kukohwa kunoitwa kana muchero wasvika pakuibva kwakakwana: ganda rakakodzera ruvara rwemuti, kutapira kwacho kwasvika pakunaka, uye kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana kunowanikwa. Kuchekerera michero kunokurudzirwa kudzivirira kukuvara kwemashizha. Kubata michero mushure mekukohwa kwemazuva ano kunosanganisira:
- Kuronga nehukuru uye mhando
- Kuchenesa zvishoma uye kurongedza kwakarongeka
– Chengeta munzvimbo inotonhorera kuti ugare kwenguva refu uchitsva
- Kugoverwa nekukurumidza kuti mhando irambe yakakwira
Muminda yemazuva ano, kuchengetedza zvinyorwa kwave kwakakosha: mazuva ekuberekesa mbeu, huwandu hwembeu, kuchekerera miti, zvipembenene, uye goho. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira pakuongorora, kuvandudza nzira dzekurima, uye kufanotaura kugadzirwa kwembeu.
Penutup
Kurima kwemaruva emhando yeLongan kwemazuva ano kunoda musanganiswa wenzira dzekurima dzakakosha uye manejimendi akanyatsojeka. Nekusarudza mbeu dzakanaka, kushandisa kudiridza kwakanaka, kuisa fetereza yakayerwa, kuchekerera miti kwakarongwa, manejimendi yemaruva nekuchenjera, uye manejimendi yezvipembenene zvakabatana, varimi vanogona kubereka michero yemhando yepamusoro nguva dzose. Pakupedzisira, longan haisi chinhu chinogona "kurimwa" chete, asi inogona kuva munda unokura, unogara kwenguva refu, uye unobatsira pahupfumi kana uchitarisirwa nenzira yemazuva ano.
