Tsananguro yeKondinendi yeAsia
Pendauluan
Asia ndiyo kondinendi yakakura uye ine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose. Musha wetsika dzakasiyana-siyana, mitauro, uye nhoroondo dzakapfuma, Asia inosanganisira nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumagwenga kusvika kumasango emvura anonaya mvura uye makomo makuru akaita seHimalayas. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora nzvimbo, huwandu hwevanhu, tsika, hupfumi, nematambudziko ari kusangana neAsia.
Nzvimbo yeAsia
Asia inofukidza makiromita anosvika mamiriyoni 44,58, zvichiita kuti ive 30% yenyika yose pasi rose. Yakakomberedzwa nemakungwa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Pacific Ocean kumabvazuva, Indian Ocean kumaodzanyemba, uye Arctic Ocean kuchamhembe. Inogovanawo miganhu yenyika negungwa neEurope neAfrica, uye Australia kuburikidza negungwa reTimor negungwa reArafura.
Asia yakakamurwa kuita matunhu akati wandei, anosanganisira East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, neWest Asia. Dunhu rega rega rine hunhu hwakasiyana hwenzvimbo. Semuenzaniso, East Asia inozivikanwa nemakomo ayo nemapani, nepo Southeast Asia ichizivikanwa zviri nani nezvitsuwa zvayo nemasango emvura anonaya mvura.
Huwandu hwevanhu neVagari
Asia ine vanhu vanodarika mabhiriyoni mana nehafu, vachimiririra vanhu vanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana (60%) vepasi rose. Nyika dzakadai seChina neIndia dzine vanhu vakawanda, imwe neimwe ichisvika kana kupfuura bhiriyoni imwe chete. Nyika mbiri idzi dzinozivikanwawo se "demographic giants" nekuda kwehuwandu hwevanhu hwadzo uye kukanganisa kwadzo pasi rose.
Kusiyana kwemarudzi nemitauro muAsia kunoshamisa. Zviuru zvemapoka nemitauro zvinotaurwa, kusanganisira Mandarin muChina, Hindi muIndia, uye Arabic muMiddle East. Uyezve, zvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, nezvimwe zvakawanda, zvakatangira muAsia, zvichiratidza kusiyana nekuoma kwekondinendi.
Tsika neNhoroondo
Asia ine nhoroondo netsika dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakapfuma. Semuenzaniso, East Asia ndiyo nzvimbo yakazvarirwa tsika dzekare dzakawanda, dzakadai seChina, Japan, neKorea. Dzinza reQin neHan reChina, uye nguva dzeEdo neSamurai dzeJapan, mienzaniso yenhoroondo yakapfuma yedunhu iri.
MuSouth Asia, India inzvimbo yetsika nepfungwa dzekare, ndiko kwakazvarirwa zvitendero zvikuru zvakaita seHinduism neBuddhism. Taj Mahal, chimwe chezvishamiso zvepasi rose, iri muIndia uye chiratidzo cherudo nezvivakwa zvinoshamisa zveMughal.
West Asia, kana kuti inozivikanwa seMiddle East, ndiyo nzvimbo huru yezvitendero zvitatu zvikuru zvinodavira muna Mwari mumwe chete: chiJudha, chiKristu, neIslam. Dunhu iri rine nhoroondo refu yekubuda kweumambo hukuru hwakadai seByzantium, Umayyad Caliphate neAbbasid.
Panguva iyi, Southeast Asia inozivikanwa netsika dzayo dzegungwa dzakasimba uye humambo hwekare hwakadai seSrivijaya neMajapahit muIndonesia, uye Angkor Wat muCambodia. Kusiyana kwetsika, mitambo yechinyakare, uye chikafu chakasiyana kubva munharaunda imwe neimwe zvinoita kuti Asia ive kondinendi yakapfuma munhaka yetsika.
Hupfumi hweAsia
Asia ndeimwe yemasimba makuru ehupfumi hwepasi rose. China neIndia ndidzo nyika dzechipiri nedzechishanu pakukura kwehupfumi pasi rose, zvichiteerana, chiratidzo chikuru chekusimba kwehupfumi hweAsia. Uyezve, dzimwe nyika dzeAsia dzakadai seJapan, South Korea, neIndonesia dzinoitawo basa guru muhupfumi hwepasi rose.
Kubudirira kwehupfumi muAsia kwakakonzerwa zvikuru nekukura kwemaindasitiri nekukurumidza, kutengeserana kwakasimba kwenyika dzese, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. Semuenzaniso, China yachinja kubva kuhupfumi hwakavakirwa pakurima kuenda kukambani huru yekugadzira zvinhu nehunyanzvi mumakumi emakore achangopfuura. Japan, inozivikanwa nezvigadzirwa zvayo zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvakaita semotokari nemagetsi, ine imwe yeGDP yepamusoro pamunhu mumwe nemumwe pasi rose.
Chikamu chetekinoroji muAsia chiri kukurawo nekukurumidza. Nzvimbo dzakadai seBangalore muIndia dzinozivikanwa se "Silicon Valley of India" nekuda kwekuwanda kwemakambani ane tekinoroji yepamusoro uye hunyanzvi hwakawanda hweIT. MuEast Asia, South Korea inotungamira mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekutaurirana, varaidzo, uye midziyo yemumba.
Zvisinei, kukura kwehupfumi uku nekukurumidza kunounzawo matambudziko. Kusiyana kwehupfumi pakati penyika dzakapfuma nedzine urombo muAsia kuchiri pachena. Nyika dzakadai seLaos, Myanmar, neCambodia dzine hurombo hwakanyanya uye zvivakwa zvisina kusimba zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seJapan, South Korea, kana Singapore.
Matambudziko uye Remangwana reAsia
Nyika yeAsia inotarisana nematambudziko akawanda anofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ramangwana rinogara kwenguva refu. Dambudziko guru nderekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Asia iri panjodzi huru yekukanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira kukwira kwemvura yegungwa, madutu anogara achiitika, uye kuchinja kwemvura kunokanganisa kurima nezviwanikwa zvemvura.
Kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta muAsia kunounzawo matambudziko makuru. Kukura kwemaguta makuru kunowanzo rongwa zvisina kunaka, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwevanhu, dzimba dzisina kukwana, uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakanyanya . Maguta akaita seJakarta, Mumbai, neBeijing anotarisana nematambudziko makuru ekusvibiswa kwemhepo anokanganisa hutano hwemamiriyoni evanhu.
Rimwe dambudziko nderekusaenzana kwevanhu munharaunda uye mune zvehupfumi. Kunyangwe dzimwe nyika muAsia dzakaona kukura kwehupfumi nekukurumidza, vanhu vazhinji vachiri kurarama pasi pemutsara weurombo. Kusaenzana kwekuwana dzidzo, hutano, uye mikana yehupfumi kunowedzera kuwedzera kusaenzana uku.
Kusawirirana pakati penyika nenyika kunokonzerawo matambudziko makuru. Nzvimbo dzakadai seMiddle East, Korean Peninsula, neKashmir inzvimbo dzinonyanya kukonzera kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Izvi zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kwekondinendi yese uye zvinoda kushanda nesimba kuti zvigadziriswe.
Mhedziso
Kondinendi yeAsia inzvimbo yakaoma uye yakasiyana-siyana yenzvimbo, huwandu hwevanhu, uye tsika. Nehuwandu hwevanhu vakawanda pasi rose uye kugona kukuru kwehupfumi, Asia ine basa guru mupasi rose. Zvisinei, budiriro iyi inokurumidza kuunzawo matambudziko akati wandei anofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti pave nebudiriro inogara kwenguva refu uye inosanganisira vese.
Asia inyika ine misiyano nemikana yakasiyana-siyana. Tsika dzayo dzakapfuma nenhoroondo, pamwe chete nehupfumi hwayo hunoshanduka-shanduka, zvinopa mipiro inokosha pasi rose. Nekutarisa pakusimudzira magariro epasi rose uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, Asia inogona kusangana nematambudziko aya uye kuramba ichibuda semutungamiri mukuru wepasi rose muzana remakore rechi21.
